The Mongols in Iran: Chingiz Khan to Uljaytu, 1220-1309Psychology Press, 2006 - 414页 This book explores the administration of Iran under Mongol rule through taxation and monetary policy. A consistent development is evident only from abundant numismatic material, from the conquest of Samarqand by Chingiz Khan to the reign of the penultimate ruler, Uljaytu. In many cases, the individuals responsible for initiating and conducting the policies can be identified from the histories or remarks of the mint master. The structure of the empire is clearly demarcated by mint production, coin styles and type of metal. This illuminates many controversial historical points such as the meaning and function of an Il-khan and the establishment of the Toluid dynasty under Hulagu. The Mongols broke the crust of an inflexible and archaic Islamic monetary tradition that had hampered economic development by encouraging extensive trade and the sciences (especially astronomy and higher mathematics) through determined and always pragmatic programmes. |
目录
traditions ready | 3 |
entering the land of gold and silver establishing | 31 |
collapse of the old order | 76 |
stabilizing the empire in the west | 87 |
fundamental shifts in imperial power | 121 |
Toluid claims and regional reforms 66780 H | 193 |
the first Toluid civil war | 235 |
inspired vision and rapid innovations | 245 |
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常见术语和短语
Abaqa Adharbayjan administration Ajam al-Mawsil American Numismatic Society Anatolia appeared Arran Ashmolean Museum Astarabad Baghdad Baydu billon British Museum Bulghar caliph carats central centre Chaghadaid Chin Temur Chingiz Khan coin continued copper Damaghan Dirham diwan dynasty empire Gaykhatu Georgian Ghazan Ghazna gold grams Greater Iran Gurjistan Hamadhan Hexagon Hulagu Hulaguid Ibid Il-Khans ilāh Ildigizid imperial inscription Iraq-i Arab Irbil Islamic issued Jalal al-Din Jazira Jazira ibn Umar Jochid Juvayni Kashan Khan's Khānī Khurasan Kirgiz Kredi Bankasi later legend Mardin Master Arabesque Master Star metal mints mithqal monetary Mongka Mongol coinage Mongolian Nakhchavan Nawruz Naysabur obverse officials Ogedai period Persian political poll tax private collection probably production province Qara quriltai realm reform region reign reverse ruler Samarqand shahada Sharaf al-Din Sinjar steppe Steve Album struck Tabriz tamgha territory Tiflis trade tribute Uighur Uljaytu wazir Yalavach Yapi ve Kredi Zabulistan