英語得意な方お願いします。つづきです。 https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q10297184375 However, the record covers only a tiny part of the globe. Changes in England en don't necessarily reflect changes in the United States or Brazil. It also doesn't go back far enough to reveal just how unusual our recent warm temperatures really are. How do they compare, for instance, to the apparent warm period in medieval times when grapes were grown in northern England? Or to the so-called Little Ice Age as several hundred years ago, when the River Thames in London froze over completely so that people could gather and sell things on its solid surface? To answer these questions, scientists have come up with clever ways to expand the records geographically and extend them backward in time. These records are written not by humans, but by nature. Every year, the average tree grows a ring of new wood around its trunk. In a ch good year the ring will be thicker, in a bad year, thinner. Researchers drill a small core into the side of the tree, about the size of a wine cork, take out the wood, and then count and measure. By examining trees that are different ages, (3)they have been able to create a temperature record extending more than a thousand years and from regions across northern Europe, Russia, and North America. In the frozen north and south, ice also contains a record book of past climate. Each year's snowfall buries the previous one. If temperatures are cold enough, the snow stays around long enough to be squeezed into ice, clearly marking out the annual layers because summer's snow crystals are larger than winter's, or because more dust blows in each year with the winter winds. (4)The amount of snow that tell 40 in a given year gives clues as to how warm it was then. (3)が指すものは何か本文から英語で抜き出せ (4)日本語訳せよ
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