Tabellenanhang - Abklex

Einführung in 

Linux/UNIX – Anhang 

Wulf Alex 

2008 

Karlsruhe

Copyright 2000–2008 by Wulf Alex, Karlsruhe 

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document 

under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, 

Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software 

Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, 

and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the 

section entitled GNU Free Documentation License on page 491. 

Ausgabedatum: 18. November 2008. 

Email: alex-weingarten@t-online.de 

Dies ist ein Skriptum. Es ist unvollständig und enthält Fehler. 

Geschützte Namen wie UNIX oder PostScript sind nicht gekennzeichnet. 

Geschrieben mit dem Texteditor vi, formatiert mit L ATEX unter 

Debian GNU/Linux. 

Die Skripten liegen unter folgenden URLs zum Herunterladen 

bereit: 

http://www.alex-weingarten.de/skripten/ 

http://www.abklex.de/skripten/ 

Besuchen Sie auch die Seiten zu meinen Büchern: 

http://www.alex-weingarten.de/debian/ 

http://www.abklex.de/debian/ 

Von dem Skriptum gibt es neben der Normalausgabe eine Ausgabe 

in kleinerer Schrift (9 Punkte), in großer Schrift (14 Punkte) 

sowie eine Textausgabe für Leseprogramme (Screenreader).

Vorwort 

There is an old system called UNIX, 

suspected by many to do nix, 

but in fact it does more 

than all systems before, 

and comprises astonishing uniques. 

Die Skripten richten sich an Leser mit wenigen Vorkenntnissen 

in der Elektronischen Datenverarbeitung; sie sollen – wie 

FRITZ REUTERS Urgeschicht von Meckelnborg – ok för Schaulkinner 

tau bruken sin. Für die wissenschaftliche Welt zitiere ich 

aus dem Vorwort zu einem Buch des Mathematikers RICHARD 

COURANT: Das Buch wendet sich an einen weiten Kreis: an Schüler 

und Lehrer, an Anfänger und Gelehrte, an Philosophen und 

Ingenieure. Das Lernziel ist eine Vertrautheit mit Betriebssystemen 

der Gattung UNIX einschließlich Linux, der Programmiersprache 

C/C++ und dem weltumspannenden Internet, die so weit 

reicht, dass der Leser mit der Praxis beginnen und sich selbständig 

weiterbilden kann. Ausgelernt hat man nie. 

Zusammen bildeten die Skripten die Grundlage für das Buch 

UNIX. C und Internet, im Jahr 1999 in zweiter Auflage im 

Springer-Verlag erschienen (ISBN 3-540-65429-1). Das Buch ist 

vergriffen und wird auch nicht weiter gepflegt, da ich mich auf 

Debian GNU/Linux konzentriere. Meine Debian-Bücher (ISBN 

3-540-43267-1 und 3-540-23786-0) sind ebenfalls bei Springer erschienen, 

aber nicht im Netz veröffentlicht. Die Skripten dagegen 

bleiben weiterhin im Netz verfügbar und werden bei Gelegenheit 

immer wieder überarbeitet. 

Warum ein Linux/UNIX? Die Betriebssysteme der Gattung 

UNIX laufen auf einer Vielzahl von Computertypen. Unter den 

verbreiteten Betriebssystemen sind sie die ältesten und ausgereift. 

Die UNIXe haben sich lange ohne kommerzielle Einflüsse 

entwickelt und tun das teilweise heute noch, siehe Linux, 

FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD und andere. Programmierer, nicht 

das Marketing, haben die Ziele gesetzt. Die UNIXe haben von 

Anfang an gemischte Hardware und die Zusammenarbeit mehrerer 

Benutzer unterstützt. In Verbindung mit dem X Window 

iii

iv 

System, einem netzfähigen Fenstersystem, sind die UNIXe unter 

den Betriebssystemen mittlerer Größe die leistungsfähigsten. 

Linux/UNIX-Rechner waren von Anbeginn im Internet dabei 

und haben seine Entwicklung bestimmt. 

Warum C/C++? Die universelle Programmiersprache C mit 

ihrer mächtigen Erweiterung C++ ist – im Vergleich zu BASIC 

etwa – ziemlich einheitlich. Der Anfang ist leicht, an die Grenzen 

stoßen wenige Benutzer. Das Zusammenspiel zwischen C/C++- 

Programmen und Linux/UNIX funktioniert reibungslos. 

Warum das Internet? Das Internet ist das größte Computernetz 

dieser Erde, ein Zusammenschluss vieler regionaler Netze. 

Ursprünglich auf Hochschulen und Behörden beschränkt, sind 

mittlerweile auch Industrie, Handel und Privatpersonen beteiligt. 

Unser berufliches Leben und zunehmend unser privates 

Dasein werden vom Internet berührt. Eine Email-Anschrift ist 

so wichtig geworden wie ein Telefonanschluss. Als Informationsquelle 

ist das Netz unentbehrlich. 

Bei der Stoffauswahl habe ich mich von meiner Arbeit als Benutzer, 

Verwalter und Programmierer leiten lassen. Besonderer 

Wert wird auf die Erläuterung der zahlreichen Fachbegriffe gelegt, 

die dem Anfänger das Leben erschweren. Die typische Frage, 

vor der auch ich immer wieder stehe, lautet: Was ist XYZ und 

wozu kann man es gebrauchen? Hinsichtlich vieler Einzelheiten 

verweise ich auf die Referenz-Handbücher zu den Rechenanlagen 

und Programmiersprachen oder auf Monografien, um den 

Text nicht über die Maßen aufzublähen; er ist ein Kompromiss 

aus Breite und Tiefe. Alles über UNIX, C und das Internet ist 

kein Buch, sondern ein Bücherschrank. 

An einigen Stellen gehe ich außer auf das Wie auch auf das 

Warum ein. Von Zeit zu Zeit sollte man den Blick weg von den 

Wellen auf das Meer richten, sonst erwirbt man nur kurzlebiges 

Wissen. 

Man kann den Gebrauch eines Betriebssystems, einer Programmiersprache 

oder der Netzdienste nicht allein aus Büchern 

erlernen – das ist wie beim Klavierspielen oder Kuchenbacken. 

Die Beispiele und Übungen wurden auf einer Hewlett-Packard 

9000/712 unter HP-UX 10.20 und einem PC der Marke Weingartener 

Katzenberg Auslese unter Debian GNU/Linux entwickelt. 

Als Shell wurden Bourne-Abkömmlinge bevorzugt, als Compiler

wurde neben dem von Hewlett-Packard der GNU gcc verwendet. 

Die vollständigen Quellen der Beispiele stehen im Netz. 

Dem Text liegen eigene Erfahrungen aus fünf Jahrzehnten 

zugrunde. Seine Wurzeln gehen zurück auf eine Erste Hilfe für 

Benutzer der Hewlett-Packard 9000 Modell 550 unter HP-UX, im 

Jahr 1986 aus zwanzig Aktenordnern destilliert, die die Maschine 

begleiteten. Gegenwärtig verschiebt sich der Schwerpunkt in 

Richtung Debian GNU/Linux. Ich habe auch fremde Hilfe beansprucht 

und danke Kollegen in den Universitäten Karlsruhe und 

Lyon sowie Mitarbeitern der Firmen IBM und Hewlett-Packard 

für schriftliche Unterlagen und mündlichen Rat sowie zahlreichen 

Studenten für Anregungen und Diskussionen. Darüber hinaus 

habe ich fleißig das Internet angezapft und viele dort umlaufende 

Guides, Primers, HOWTOs, Tutorials und Sammlungen 

von Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) verwendet. 

Weingarten (Baden), 15. Februar 2006 Wulf Alex 

v

Inhalt 

A Zahlensysteme 2 

B Zeichensätze und Sondertasten 9 

B.1 EBCDIC, ASCII, Roman8, IBM-PC . . . . . . . . 9 

B.2 German-ASCII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 

B.3 ASCII-Steuerzeichen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 

B.4 Latin-1 (ISO 8859-1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 

B.5 Latin-2 (ISO 8859-2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 

B.6 HTML-Entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 

B.7 Sondertasten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 

C Typografische Maße 31 

C.1 Papierformate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 

C.2 Schriftgrößen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 

D Farben 33 

D.1 RGB-Farbwerte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 

D.2 X11-Farben . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 

D.3 HTML-Farben . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 

E Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) 36 

F Die wichtigsten UNIX-Kommandos 40 

G Vergleich UNIX – DOS-Kommandos 46 

H Besondere UNIX-Kommandos 48 

H.1 vi(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 

H.2 emacs(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 

H.3 joe(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 

H.4 Drucken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 

H.5 ftp(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 

I UNIX-Dateisystem 52 

I.1 Zugriffsrechte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 

vi

INHALT vii 

I.2 Kennungen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 

J UNIX-Systemaufrufe 63 

K UNIX-Signale 66 

L Videomodi des Linux-Kerns 68 

M C-Lexikon 70 

M.1 Schlüsselwörter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 

M.2 Operatoren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 

M.3 Standardfunktionen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 

M.4 printf(3), scanf(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 

M.5 Include-Dateien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 

M.6 Präprozessor-Anweisungen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 

N Slang im Netz 82 

O Beispiele LaTeX 90 

O.1 Textbeispiel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 

O.2 Gelatexte Formeln . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 

O.3 Formeln im Quelltext . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 

P Spezielle Sprachen 106 

P.1 Hayes-Modem-Kommandos . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 

Q ISO 3166 Ländercodes 109 

R Requests For Comment (RFCs) 112 

R.1 Ausgewählte RFCs, ohne FYIs . . . . . . . . . . . 113 

R.2 1.-April-RFCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 

R.3 Alle FYIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 

R.4 Alle BCPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 

S Internet-Protokolle 126 

T Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) 129 

U Abkürzungen aus Informatik und Telekommunikation 

131 

V Karlsruher Test 466

INHALT 1 

W GNU Lizenzen 482 

W.1 GNU General Public License . . . . . . . . . . . . 482 

W.2 GNU Free Documentation License . . . . . . . . 491 

X Zeittafel 502

A Zahlensysteme 

... aber die Daten fehlen, um den ganzen 

Nonsens richtig zu überblicken – 

Benn, Drei alte Männer 

Außer dem Dezimalsystem sind das Dual-, das Oktal- und 

das Hexadezimalsystem gebräuchlich. Ferner spielt das Binär 

codierte Dezimalsystem (BCD) bei manchen Anwendungen 

eine Rolle. Bei diesem sind die einzelnen Dezimalstellen für sich 

dual dargestellt. Die folgende Tabelle enthält die Werte von 0 bis 

dezimal 255. Bequemlichkeitshalber sind auch die zugeordneten 

ASCII-Zeichen aufgeführt. 

dezimal dual oktal hex BCD ASCII 

0 0 0 0 0 nul 

1 1 1 1 1 soh 

2 10 2 2 10 stx 

3 11 3 3 11 etx 

4 100 4 4 100 eot 

5 101 5 5 101 enq 

6 110 6 6 110 ack 

7 111 7 7 111 bel 

8 1000 10 8 1000 bs 

9 1001 11 9 1001 ht 

10 1010 12 a 1.0 lf 

11 101 13 b 1.1 vt 

12 1100 14 c 1.10 ff 

13 1101 15 d 1.11 cr 

14 1110 16 e 1.100 so 

15 1111 17 f 1.101 si 

16 10000 20 10 1.110 dle 

17 10001 21 11 1.111 dc1 

18 10010 22 12 1.1000 dc2 

19 10011 23 13 1.1001 dc3 

20 10100 24 14 10.0 dc4 

21 10101 25 15 10.1 nak 

22 10110 26 16 10.10 syn 

2

23 10111 27 17 10.11 etb 

24 11000 30 18 10.100 can 

25 11001 31 19 10.101 em 

26 11010 32 1a 10.110 sub 

27 11011 33 1b 10.111 esc 

28 11100 34 1c 10.1000 fs 

29 11101 35 1d 10.1001 gs 

30 11110 36 1e 11.0 rs 

31 11111 37 1f 11.1 us 

32 100000 40 20 11.10 space 

33 100001 41 21 11.11 ! 

34 100010 42 22 11.100 ” 

35 100011 43 23 11.101 # 

36 100100 44 24 11.110 $ 

37 100101 45 25 11.111 % 

38 100110 46 26 11.1000 & 

39 100111 47 27 11.1001 ’ 

40 101000 50 28 100.0 ( 

41 101001 51 29 100.1 ) 

42 101010 52 2a 100.10 * 

43 101011 53 2b 100.11 + 

44 101100 54 2c 100.100 , 

45 101101 55 2d 100.101 - 

46 101110 56 2e 100.110 . 

47 101111 57 2f 100.111 / 

48 110000 60 30 100.1000 0 

49 110001 61 31 100.1001 1 

50 110010 62 32 101.0 2 

51 110011 63 33 101.1 3 

52 110100 64 34 101.10 4 

53 110101 65 35 101.11 5 

54 110110 66 36 101.100 6 

55 110111 67 37 101.101 7 

56 111000 70 38 101.110 8 

57 111001 71 39 101.111 9 

58 111010 72 3a 101.1000 : 

59 111011 73 3b 101.1001 ; 

60 111100 74 3c 110.0 < 

61 111101 75 3d 110.1 = 

62 111110 76 3e 110.10 > 

3

4 ANHANG A. ZAHLENSYSTEME 

63 111111 77 3f 110.11 ? 

64 1000000 100 40 110.100 @ 

65 1000001 101 41 110.101 A 

66 1000010 102 42 110.110 B 

67 1000011 103 43 110.111 C 

68 1000100 104 44 110.1000 D 

69 1000101 105 45 110.1001 E 

70 1000110 106 46 111.0 F 

71 1000111 107 47 111.1 G 

72 1001000 110 48 111.10 H 

73 1001001 111 49 111.11 I 

74 1001010 112 4a 111.100 J 

75 1001011 113 4b 111.101 K 

76 1001100 114 4c 111.110 L 

77 1001101 115 4d 111.111 M 

78 1001110 116 4e 111.1000 N 

79 1001111 117 4f 111.1001 O 

80 1010000 120 50 1000.0 P 

81 1010001 121 51 1000.1 Q 

82 1010010 122 52 1000.10 R 

83 1010011 123 53 1000.11 S 

84 1010100 124 54 1000.100 T 

85 1010101 125 55 1000.101 U 

86 1010110 126 56 1000.110 V 

87 1010111 127 57 1000.111 W 

88 1011000 130 58 1000.1000 X 

89 1011001 131 59 1000.1001 Y 

90 1011010 132 5a 1001.0 Z 

91 1011011 133 5b 1001.1 [ 

92 1011100 134 5c 1001.10 \ 

93 1011101 135 5d 1001.11 ] 

94 1011110 136 5e 1001.100 ^ 

95 1011111 137 5f 1001.101 _ 

96 1100000 140 60 1001.110 ‘ 

97 1100001 141 61 1001.111 a 

98 1100010 142 62 1001.1000 b 

99 1100011 143 63 1001.1001 c 

100 1100100 144 64 1.0.0 d 

101 1100101 145 65 1.0.1 e 

102 1100110 146 66 1.0.10 f

103 1100111 147 67 1.0.11 g 

104 1101000 150 68 1.0.100 h 

105 1101001 151 69 1.0.101 i 

106 1101010 152 6a 1.0.110 j 

107 1101011 153 6b 1.0.111 k 

108 1101100 154 6c 1.0.1000 l 

109 1101101 155 6d 1.0.1001 m 

110 1101110 156 6e 1.1.0 n 

111 1101111 157 6f 1.1.1 o 

112 1110000 160 70 1.1.10 p 

113 1110001 161 71 1.1.11 q 

114 1110010 162 72 1.1.100 r 

115 1110011 163 73 1.1.101 s 

116 1110100 164 74 1.1.110 t 

117 1110101 165 75 1.1.111 u 

118 1110110 166 76 1.1.1000 v 

119 1110111 167 77 1.1.1001 w 

120 1111000 170 78 1.10.0 x 

121 1111001 171 79 1.10.1 y 

122 1111010 172 7a 1.10.10 z 

123 1111011 173 7b 1.10.11 { 

124 1111100 174 7c 1.10.100 | 

125 1111101 175 7d 1.10.101 } 

126 1111110 176 7e 1.10.110 ~ 

127 1111111 177 7f 1.10.111 del 

128 10000000 200 80 1.10.1000 

129 10000001 201 81 1.10.1001 

130 10000010 202 82 1.11.0 

131 10000011 203 83 1.11.1 

132 10000100 204 84 1.11.10 

133 10000101 205 85 1.11.11 

134 10000110 206 86 1.11.100 

135 10000111 207 87 1.11.101 

136 10001000 210 88 1.11.110 

137 10001001 211 89 1.11.111 

138 10001010 212 8a 1.11.1000 

139 10001011 213 8b 1.11.1001 

140 10001100 214 8c 1.100.0 

141 10001101 215 8d 1.100.1 

142 10001110 216 8e 1.100.10 

5


143 10001111 217 8f 1.100.11 

144 10010000 220 90 1.100.100 

145 10010001 221 91 1.100.101 

146 10010010 222 92 1.100.110 

147 10010011 223 93 1.100.111 

148 10010100 224 94 1.100.1000 

149 10010101 225 95 1.100.1001 

150 10010110 226 96 1.101.0 

151 10010111 227 97 1.101.1 

152 10011000 230 98 1.101.10 

153 10011001 231 99 1.101.11 

154 10011010 232 9a 1.101.100 

155 10011011 233 9b 1.101.101 

156 10011100 234 9c 1.101.110 

157 10011101 235 9d 1.101.111 

158 10011110 236 9e 1.101.1000 

159 10011111 237 9f 1.101.1001 

160 10100000 240 a0 1.110.0 

161 10100001 241 a1 1.110.1 

162 10100010 242 a2 1.110.10 

163 10100011 243 a3 1.110.11 

164 10100100 244 a4 1.110.100 

165 10100101 245 a5 1.110.101 

166 10100110 246 a6 1.110.110 

167 10100111 247 a7 1.110.111 

168 10101000 250 a8 1.110.1000 

169 10101001 251 a9 1.110.1001 

170 10101010 252 aa 1.111.0 

171 10101011 253 ab 1.111.1 

172 10101100 254 ac 1.111.10 

173 10101101 255 ad 1.111.11 

174 10101110 256 ae 1.111.100 

175 10101111 257 af 1.111.101 

176 10110000 260 b0 1.111.110 

177 10110001 261 b1 1.111.111 

178 10110010 262 b2 1.111.1000 

179 10110011 263 b3 1.111.1001 

180 10110100 264 b4 1.1000.0 

181 10110101 265 b5 1.1000.1 

182 10110110 266 b6 1.1000.10

183 10110111 267 b7 1.1000.11 

184 10111000 270 b8 1.1000.100 

185 10111001 271 b9 1.1000.101 

186 10111010 272 ba 1.1000.110 

187 10111011 273 bb 1.1000.111 

188 10111100 274 bc 1.1000.1000 

189 10111101 275 bd 1.1000.1001 

190 10111110 276 be 1.1001.0 

191 10111111 277 bf 1.1001.1 

192 11000000 300 c0 1.1001.10 

193 11000001 301 c1 1.1001.11 

194 11000010 302 c2 1.1001.100 

195 11000011 303 c3 1.1001.101 

196 11000100 304 c4 1.1001.110 

197 11000101 305 c5 1.1001.111 

198 11000110 306 c6 1.1001.1000 

199 11000111 307 c7 1.1001.1001 

200 11001000 310 c8 10.0.0 

201 11001001 311 c9 10.0.1 

202 11001010 312 ca 10.0.10 

203 11001011 313 cb 10.0.11 

204 11001100 314 cc 10.0.100 

205 11001101 315 cd 10.0.101 

206 11001110 316 ce 10.0.110 

207 11001111 317 cf 10.0.111 

208 11010000 320 d0 10.0.1000 

209 11010001 321 d1 10.0.1001 

210 11010010 322 d2 10.1.0 

211 11010011 323 d3 10.1.1 

212 11010100 324 d4 10.1.10 

213 11010101 325 d5 10.1.11 

214 11010110 326 d6 10.1.100 

215 11010111 327 d7 10.1.101 

216 11011000 330 d8 10.1.110 

217 11011001 331 d9 10.1.111 

218 11011010 332 da 10.1.1000 

219 11011011 333 db 10.1.1001 

220 11011100 334 dc 10.10.0 

221 11011101 335 dd 10.10.1 

222 11011110 336 de 10.10.10 

7


223 11011111 337 df 10.10.11 

224 11100000 340 e0 10.10.100 

225 11100001 341 e1 10.10.101 

226 11100010 342 e2 10.10.110 

227 11100011 343 e3 10.10.111 

228 11100100 344 e4 10.10.1000 

229 11100101 345 e5 10.10.1001 

230 11100110 346 e6 10.11.0 

231 11100111 347 e7 10.11.1 

232 11101000 350 e8 10.11.10 

233 11101001 351 e9 10.11.11 

234 11101010 352 ea 10.11.100 

235 11101011 353 eb 10.11.101 

236 11101100 354 ec 10.11.110 

237 11101101 355 ed 10.11.111 

238 11101110 356 ee 10.11.1000 

239 11101111 357 ef 10.11.1001 

240 11110000 360 f0 10.100.0 

241 11110001 361 f1 10.100.1 

242 11110010 362 f2 10.100.10 

243 11110011 363 f3 10.100.11 

244 11110100 364 f4 10.100.100 

245 11110101 365 f5 10.100.101 

246 11110110 366 f6 10.100.110 

247 11110111 367 f7 10.100.111 

248 11111000 370 f8 10.100.1000 

249 11111001 371 f9 10.100.1001 

250 11111010 372 fa 10.101.0 

251 11111011 373 fb 10.101.1 

252 11111100 374 fc 10.101.10 

253 11111101 375 fd 10.101.11 

254 11111110 376 fe 10.101.100 

255 11111111 377 ff 10.101.101

B Zeichensätze und 

Sondertasten 

B.1 EBCDIC, ASCII, Roman8, IBM-PC 

Die Zeichensätze sind in den Ein- und Ausgabegeräten (Terminal, 

Drucker) gespeicherte Tabellen, die die Zeichen in Zahlen 

und zurück umsetzen. 

dezimal oktal EBCDIC ASCII-7 Roman8 IBM-PC 

0 0 nul nul nul nul 

1 1 soh soh soh Grafik 

2 2 stx stx stx Grafik 

3 3 etx etx etx Grafik 

4 4 pf eot eot Grafik 

5 5 ht enq enq Grafik 

6 6 lc ack ack Grafik 

7 7 del bel bel bel 

8 10 bs bs Grafik 

9 11 rlf ht ht ht 

10 12 smm lf lf lf 

11 13 vt vt vt home 

12 14 ff ff ff ff 

13 15 cr cr cr cr 

14 16 so so so Grafik 

15 17 si si si Grafik 

16 20 dle dle dle Grafik 

17 21 dc1 dc1 dc1 Grafik 



20 24 res dc4 dc4 Grafik 

21 25 nl nak nak Grafik 

22 26 bs syn syn Grafik 

23 27 il etb etb Grafik 

24 30 can can can Grafik 

9

10 ANHANG B. ZEICHENSÄTZE UND SONDERTASTEN 

25 31 em em em Grafik 

26 32 cc sub sub Grafik 

27 33 esc esc Grafik 

28 34 ifs fs fs cur right 

29 35 igs gs gs cur left 

30 36 irs rs rs cur up 

31 37 ius us us cur down 

32 40 ds space space space 

33 41 sos ! ! ! 

34 42 fs ” ” ” 

35 43 # # # 

36 44 byp $ $ $ 

37 45 lf % % % 

38 46 etb & & & 

39 47 esc ’ ’ ’ 

40 50 ( ( ( 

41 51 ) ) ) 

42 52 sm * * * 

43 53 + + + 

44 54 , , , 

45 55 enq - - - 

46 56 ack . . . 

47 57 bel / / / 

48 60 0 0 0 

49 61 1 1 1 

50 62 syn 2 2 2 

51 63 3 3 3 

52 64 pn 4 4 4 

53 65 rs 5 5 5 

54 66 uc 6 6 6 

55 67 eot 7 7 7 

56 70 8 8 8 

57 71 9 9 9 

58 72 : : : 

59 73 ; ; ; 

60 74 dc4 < < < 

61 75 nak = = = 

62 76 > > > 

63 77 sub ? ? ? 

64 100 space @ @ @

B.1. EBCDIC, ASCII, ROMAN8, IBM-PC 11 

65 101 A A A 

66 102 â B B B 

67 103 ä C C C 

68 104 à D D D 

69 105 á E E E 

70 106 ã F F F 

71 107 å G G G 

72 110 ç H H H 

73 111 ñ I I I 

74 112 [ J J J 

75 113 . K K K 

76 114 < L L L 

77 115 ( M M M 

78 116 + N N N 

79 117 ! O O O 

80 120 & P P P 

81 121 é Q Q Q 

82 122 ê R R R 

83 123 ë S S S 

84 124 è T T T 

85 125 í U U U 

86 126 î V V V 

87 127 ï W W W 

88 130 ì X X X 

89 131 ß Y Y Y 

90 132 ] Z Z Z 

91 133 $ [ [ [ 

92 134 * \ \ \ 

93 135 ) ] ] ] 

94 136 ; ^ ^ ^ 

95 137 ^ _ _ _ 

96 140 – ‘ ‘ ‘ 

97 141 / a a a 

98 142 Â b b b 

99 143 Ä c c c 

100 144 À d d d 

101 145 Á e e e 

102 146 Ã f f f 

103 147 Å g g g


104 150 Ç h h h 

105 151 Ñ i i i 

106 152 | j j j 

107 153 , k k k 

108 154 % l l l 

109 155 _ m m m 

110 156 > n n n 

111 157 ? o o o 

112 160 ø p p p 

113 161 É q q q 

114 162 Ê r r r 

115 163 Ë s s s 

116 164 È t t t 

117 165 Í u u u 

118 166 Î v v v 

119 167 Ï w w w 

120 170 Ì x x x 

121 171 ‘ y y y 

122 172 : z z z 

123 173 # { { { 

124 174 @ | | | 

125 175 ’ } } } 

126 176 = ~ ~ ~ 

127 177 ” del del Grafik 

128 200 Ø Ç 

129 201 a ü 

130 202 b é 

131 203 c â 

132 204 d ä 

133 205 e à 

134 206 f å 

135 207 g ç 

136 210 h ê 

137 211 i ë 

138 212 ≪ è 

139 213 ≫ ı 

140 214 î 

141 215 ý ì 

142 216 Ä


143 217 ± Å 

144 220 É 

145 221 j œ 

146 222 k Æ 

147 223 l ô 

148 224 m ö 

149 225 n ò 

150 226 o û 

151 227 p ù 

152 230 q y 

153 231 r Ö 

154 232 ā Ü 

155 233 ō 

156 234 æ £ 

157 235 – Yen 

158 236 Æ Pt 

159 237 f 

160 240 µ á 

161 241 ∼ À í 

162 242 s Â ó 

163 243 t È ú 

164 244 u Ê ñ 

165 245 v Ë Ñ 

166 246 w Î ā 

167 247 x Ï ō 

168 250 y ’ ¿ 

169 251 z ‘ Grafik 

170 252 ¡ ^ Grafik 

171 253 ¿ 1/2 

172 254 ~ 1/4 

173 255 Ý Ù ¡ 

174 256 Û ≪ 

175 257 ≫ 

176 260 Grafik 

177 261 £ Grafik 

178 262 Yen Grafik 

179 263 ◦ Grafik 

180 264 f Ç Grafik 

181 265 § ç Grafik


182 266 Ñ Grafik 

183 267 ñ Grafik 

184 270 ¡ Grafik 

185 271 ¿ Grafik 

186 272 Grafik 

187 273 | £ Grafik 

188 274 – Yen Grafik 

189 275 § Grafik 

190 276 f Grafik 

191 277 = Grafik 

192 300 { â Grafik 

193 301 A ê Grafik 

194 302 B ô Grafik 

195 303 C û Grafik 

196 304 D á Grafik 

197 305 E é Grafik 

198 306 F ó Grafik 

199 307 G ú Grafik 

200 310 H à Grafik 

201 311 I è Grafik 

202 312 ò Grafik 

203 313 ô ù Grafik 

204 314 ö ä Grafik 

205 315 ò ë Grafik 

206 316 ó ö Grafik 

207 317 õ ü Grafik 

208 320 } Å Grafik 

209 321 J î Grafik 

210 322 K Ø Grafik 

211 323 L Æ Grafik 

212 324 M å Grafik 

213 325 N í Grafik 

214 326 O ø Grafik 

215 327 P æ Grafik 

216 330 Q Ä Grafik 

217 331 R ì Grafik 

218 332 Ö Grafik 

219 333 û Ü Grafik 

220 334 ü É Grafik


221 335 ù ı Grafik 

222 336 ú ß Grafik 

223 337 y Ô Grafik 

224 340 \ Á α 

225 341 Ã β 

226 342 S ã Γ 

227 343 T π 

228 344 U Σ 

229 345 V Í σ 

230 346 W Ì µ 

231 347 X Ó τ 

232 350 Y Ò Φ 

233 351 Z Õ θ 

234 352 õ Ω 

235 353 Ô Š δ 

236 354 Ö š ∞ 

237 355 Ò Ú Ø 

238 356 Ó Y ∈ 

239 357 Õ y ∩ 

240 360 0 thorn ≡ 

241 361 1 Thorn ± 

242 362 2 ≥ 

243 363 3 ≤ 

244 364 4 Haken 

245 365 5 Haken 

246 366 6 – ÷ 

247 367 7 1/4 ≈ 

248 370 8 1/2 ◦ 

249 371 9 ā • 

250 372 ō · 

√ 

251 373 Û ≪ 

252 374 Ü ⊔ n 

253 375 Ù ≫ 2 

254 376 Ú ± ⊔ 

255 377 (FF)


B.2 German-ASCII 

Falls das Ein- oder Ausgabegerät einen deutschen 7-Bit-ASCII- 

Zeichensatz enthält, sind folgende Ersetzungen der amerikanischen 

Zeichen durch deutsche Sonderzeichen üblich: 

Nr. US-Zeichen US-ASCII German ASCII 

91 linke eckige Klammer [ Ä 

92 Backslash \ Ö 

93 rechte eckige Klammer ] Ü 

123 linke geschweifte Klammer { ä 

124 senkrechter Strich | ö 

125 rechte geschweifte Klammer } ü 

126 Tilde ~ ß 

Achtung: Der IBM-PC und Ausgabegeräte von Hewlett-Packard 

verwenden keinen 7-Bit-ASCII-Zeichensatz, sondern eigene 8- 

Bit-Zeichensätze, die die Sonderzeichen unter Nummern höher 

127 enthalten, siehe vorhergehende Tabelle. 

B.3 ASCII-Steuerzeichen 

Die Steuerzeichen der Zeichensätze dienen der Übermittlung 

von Befehlen und Informationen an das empfangende Gerät und 

nicht der Ausgabe eines sicht- oder druckbaren Zeichens. Die 

Ausgabegeräte kennen in der Regel jedoch einen Modus (transparent, 

Monitor, Display Functions), in der die Steuerzeichen 

nicht ausgeführt, sondern angezeigt werden. Die meisten Steuerzeichen 

belegen keine eigene Taste auf der Tastatur, sondern 

werden als Kombination aus der control-Taste und einer Zeichentaste 

eingegeben. In C/C++ läßt sich jedes Zeichen durch 

seine oktale Nummer in der Form \123 oder durch seine hexadezimale 

Nummer in der Form \x53 eingeben (hier das S). 

dezimal C-Konst. ASCII Bedeutung Tasten 

0 \x00 nul ASCII-Null control @ 

1 soh Start of heading control a 

2 stx Start of text control b

B.4. LATIN-1 (ISO 8859-1) 17 

3 etx End of text control c 

4 eot End of transmission control d 

5 enq Enquiry control e 

6 ack Acknowledge control f 

7 \a bel Bell control g 

8 \b bs Backspace control h, BS 

9 \t ht Horizontal tab control i, TAB 

10 \n lf Line feed control j, LF 

11 \v vt Vertical tab control k 

12 \f ff Form feed control l 

13 \r cr Carriage return control m, RETURN 

14 so Shift out control n 

15 si Shift in control o 

16 dle Data link escape control p 

17 dc1 Device control 1, xon control q 

18 dc2 Device control 2, tape control r 

19 dc3 Device control 3, xoff control s 

20 dc4 Device control 4, tape control t 

21 nak Negative acknowledge control u 

22 syn Synchronous idle control v 

23 etb End transmission block control w 

24 can Cancel control x 

25 em End of medium control y 

26 sub Substitute control z 

27 \x1b esc Escape control [, ESC 

28 fs File separator control \ 

29 gs Group separator control ] 

30 rs Record separator control ^ 

31 us Unit separator control _ 

127 del Delete DEL, RUBOUT 

B.4 Latin-1 (ISO 8859-1) 

Die internationale Norm ISO 8859 beschreibt gegenwärtig 

zehn Zeichensätze, die jedes Zeichen durch jeweils ein Byte 

darstellen. Jeder Zeichensatz umfaßt also maximal 256 druckbare 

Zeichen und Steuerzeichen. Der erste – Latin-1 genannt 

– ist für west- und mitteleuropäische Sprachen – darunter 

Deutsch – vorgesehen. Latin-2 deckt Mittel- und Osteuropa


ab, soweit das lateinische Alphabet verwendet wird. Wer einen 

polnisch-deutschen Text schreiben will, braucht Latin 2. Die 

deutschen Sonderzeichen liegen in Latin 1 bis 6 an denselben 

Stellen. Weiteres siehe in der ISO-Norm und im RFC 1345 

Character Mnemonics and Character Sets vom Juni 1992. Auch 

http://wwwwbs.cs.tu-berlin.de/~czyborra/charsets/ 

hilft weiter. 

Die erste Hälfte (0 – 127) aller Latin-Zeichensätze stimmt mit 

US-ASCII überein, die zweite mit keinem der anderen Zeichensätze. 

Zu jedem Zeichen gehört eine standardisierte verbale Bezeichnung. 

Einige Zeichen wie das isländische Thorn oder das 

Cent-Zeichen konnten hier mit LaTeX nicht dargestellt werden. 

dezimal oktal hex Zeichen Bezeichnung 

000 000 00 nu Null (nul) 

001 001 01 sh Start of heading (soh) 

002 002 02 sx Start of text (stx) 

003 003 03 ex End of text (etx) 

004 004 04 et End of transmission (eot) 

005 005 05 eq Enquiry (enq) 

006 006 06 ak Acknowledge (ack) 

007 007 07 bl Bell (bel) 

008 010 08 bs Backspace (bs) 

009 011 09 ht Character tabulation (ht) 

010 012 0a lf Line feed (lf) 

011 013 0b vt Line tabulation (vt) 

012 014 0c ff Form feed (ff) 

013 015 0d cr Carriage return (cr) 

014 016 0e so Shift out (so) 

015 017 0f si Shift in (si) 

016 020 10 dl Datalink escape (dle) 

017 021 11 d1 Device control one (dc1) 

018 022 12 d2 Device control two (dc2) 

019 023 13 d3 Device control three (dc3) 

020 024 14 d4 Device control four (dc4) 

021 025 15 nk Negative acknowledge (nak) 

022 026 16 sy Synchronous idle (syn) 

023 027 17 eb End of transmission block (etb) 

024 030 18 cn Cancel (can)

B.4. LATIN-1 (ISO 8859-1) 19 

025 031 19 em End of medium (em) 

026 032 1a sb Substitute (sub) 

027 033 1b ec Escape (esc) 

028 034 1c fs File separator (is4) 

029 035 1d gs Group separator (is3) 

030 036 1e rs Record separator (is2) 

031 037 1f us Unit separator (is1) 

032 040 20 sp Space 

033 041 21 ! Exclamation mark 

034 042 22 ” Quotation mark 

035 043 23 # Number sign 

036 044 24 $ Dollar sign 

037 045 25 % Percent sign 

038 046 26 & Ampersand 

039 047 27 ’ Apostrophe 

040 050 28 ( Left parenthesis 

041 051 29 ) Right parenthesis 

042 052 2a * Asterisk 

043 053 2b + Plus sign 

044 054 2c , Comma 

045 055 2d - Hyphen-Minus 

046 056 2e . Full stop 

047 057 2f / Solidus 

048 060 30 0 Digit zero 

049 061 31 1 Digit one 

050 062 32 2 Digit two 

051 063 33 3 Digit three 

052 064 34 4 Digit four 

053 065 35 5 Digit five 

054 066 36 6 Digit six 

055 067 37 7 Digit seven 

056 070 38 8 Digit eight 

057 071 39 9 Digit nine 

058 072 3a : Colon 

059 073 3b ; Semicolon 

060 074 3c < Less-than sign 

061 075 3d = Equals sign 

062 076 3e > Greater-than sign 

063 077 3f ? Question mark 

064 100 40 @ Commercial at


065 101 41 A Latin capital letter a 

066 102 42 B Latin capital letter b 

067 103 43 C Latin capital letter c 

068 104 44 D Latin capital letter d 

069 105 45 E Latin capital letter e 

070 106 46 F Latin capital letter f 

071 107 47 G Latin capital letter g 

072 110 48 H Latin capital letter h 

073 111 49 I Latin capital letter i 

074 112 4a J Latin capital letter j 

075 113 4b K Latin capital letter k 

076 114 4c L Latin capital letter l 

077 115 4d M Latin capital letter m 

078 116 4e N Latin capital letter n 

079 117 4f O Latin capital letter o 

080 120 50 P Latin capital letter p 

081 121 51 Q Latin capital letter q 

082 122 52 R Latin capital letter r 

083 123 53 S Latin capital letter s 

084 124 54 T Latin capital letter t 

085 125 55 U Latin capital letter u 

086 126 56 V Latin capital letter v 

087 127 57 W Latin capital letter w 

088 130 58 X Latin capital letter x 

089 131 59 Y Latin capital letter y 

090 132 5a Z Latin capital letter z 

091 133 5b [ Left square bracket 

092 134 5c \ Reverse solidus 

093 135 5d ] Right square bracket 

094 136 5e ^ Circumflex accent 

095 137 5f _ Low line 

096 140 60 ‘ Grave accent 

097 141 61 a Latin small letter a 

098 142 62 b Latin small letter b 

099 143 63 c Latin small letter c 

100 144 64 d Latin small letter d 

101 145 65 e Latin small letter e 

102 146 66 f Latin small letter f 

103 147 67 g Latin small letter g 

104 150 68 h Latin small letter h

B.4. LATIN-1 (ISO 8859-1) 21 

105 151 69 i Latin small letter i 

106 152 6a j Latin small letter j 

107 153 6b k Latin small letter k 

108 154 6c l Latin small letter l 

109 155 6d m Latin small letter m 

110 156 6e n Latin small letter n 

111 157 6f o Latin small letter o 

112 160 70 p Latin small letter p 

113 161 71 q Latin small letter q 

114 162 72 r Latin small letter r 

115 163 73 s Latin small letter s 

116 164 74 t Latin small letter t 

117 165 75 u Latin small letter u 

118 166 76 v Latin small letter v 

119 167 77 w Latin small letter w 

120 170 78 x Latin small letter x 

121 171 79 y Latin small letter y 

122 172 7a z Latin small letter z 

123 173 7b { Left curly bracket 

124 174 7c | Vertical line 

125 175 7d } Right curly bracket 

126 176 7e ~ Tilde 

127 177 7f dt Delete (del) 

128 200 80 pa Padding character (pad) 

129 201 81 ho High octet preset (hop) 

130 202 82 bh Break permitted here (bph) 

131 203 83 nh No break here (nbh) 

132 204 84 in Index (ind) 

133 205 85 nl Next line (nel) 

134 206 86 sa Start of selected area (ssa) 

135 207 87 es End of selected area (esa) 

136 210 88 hs Character tabulation set (hts) 

137 211 89 hj Character tabulation with justification (htj) 

138 212 8a vs Line tabulation set (vts) 

139 213 8b pd Partial line forward (pld) 

140 214 8c pu Partial line backward (plu) 

141 215 8d ri Reverse line feed (ri) 

142 216 8e s2 Single-shift two (ss2) 

143 217 8f s3 Single-shift three (ss3) 

144 220 90 dc Device control string (dcs)


145 221 91 p1 Private use one (pu1) 

146 222 92 p2 Private use two (pu2) 

147 223 93 ts Set transmit state (sts) 

148 224 94 cc Cancel character (cch) 

149 225 95 mw Message waiting (mw) 

150 226 96 sg Start of guarded area (spa) 

151 227 97 eg End of guarded area (epa) 

152 230 98 ss Start of string (sos) 

153 231 99 gc Single graphic character introducer (sgci) 

154 232 9a sc Single character introducer (sci) 

155 233 9b ci Control sequence introducer (csi) 

156 234 9c st String terminator (st) 

157 235 9d oc Operating system command (osc) 

158 236 9e pm Privacy message (pm) 

159 237 9f ac Application program command (apc) 

160 240 a0 ns No-break space 

161 241 a1 ¡ Inverted exclamation mark 

162 242 a2 Cent sign 

163 243 a3 £ Pound sign 

164 244 a4 Currency sign (künftig Euro?) 

165 245 a5 Yen sign 

166 246 a6 Broken bar 

167 247 a7 § Section sign 

168 250 a8 Diaresis 

169 251 a9 © Copyright sign 

170 252 aa a Feminine ordinal indicator 

171 253 ab ≪ Left-pointing double angle quotation mark 

172 254 ac ¬ Not sign 

173 255 ad - Soft hyphen 

174 256 ae Registered sign 

175 257 af ¯ Overline 

176 260 b0 ◦ Degree sign 

177 261 b1 ± Plus-minus sign 

178 262 b2 2 Superscript two 

179 263 b3 3 Superscript three 

180 264 b4 ’ Acute accent 

181 265 b5 µ Micro sign 

182 266 b6 Pilcrow sign 

183 267 b7 · Middle dot 

184 270 b8 ¸ Cedilla

B.4. LATIN-1 (ISO 8859-1) 23 

185 271 b9 1 Superscript one 

186 272 ba ◦ Masculine ordinal indicator 

187 273 bb ≫ Right-pointing double angle quotation mark 

188 274 bc 1/4 Vulgar fraction one quarter 

189 275 bd 1/2 Vulgar fraction one half 

190 276 be 3/4 Vulgar fraction three quarters 

191 277 bf ¿ Inverted question mark 

192 300 c0 À Latin capital letter a with grave 

193 301 c1 Á Latin capital letter a with acute 

194 302 c2 Â Latin capital letter a with circumflex 

195 303 c3 Ã Latin capital letter a with tilde 

196 304 c4 Ä Latin capital letter a with diaresis 

197 305 c5 Å Latin capital letter a with ring above 

198 306 c6 Æ Latin capital letter ae 

199 307 c7 Ç Latin capital letter c with cedilla 

200 310 c8 È Latin capital letter e with grave 

201 311 c9 É Latin capital letter e with acute 

202 312 ca Ê Latin capital letter e with circumflex 

203 313 cb Ë Latin capital letter e with diaresis 

204 314 cc Ì Latin capital letter i with grave 

205 315 cd Í Latin capital letter i with acute 

206 316 ce Î Latin capital letter i with circumflex 

207 317 cf Ï Latin capital letter i with diaresis 

208 320 d0 Latin capital letter eth (Icelandic) 

209 321 d1 Ñ Latin capital letter n with tilde 

210 322 d2 Ò Latin capital letter o with grave 

211 323 d3 Ó Latin capital letter o with acute 

212 324 d4 Ô Latin capital letter o with circumflex 

213 325 d5 Õ Latin capital letter o with tilde 

214 326 d6 Ö Latin capital letter o with diaresis 

215 327 d7 × Multiplication sign 

216 330 d8 Ø Latin capital letter o with stroke 

217 331 d9 Ù Latin capital letter u with grave 

218 332 da Ú Latin capital letter u with acute 

219 333 db Û Latin capital letter u with circumflex 

220 334 dc Ü Latin capital letter u with diaresis 

221 335 dd Ý Latin capital letter y with acute 

222 336 de Latin capital letter thorn (Icelandic)


223 337 df ß Latin small letter sharp s (German) 

224 340 e0 à Latin small letter a with grave 

225 341 e1 á Latin small letter a with acute 

226 342 e2 â Latin small letter a with circumflex 

227 343 e3 ã Latin small letter a with tilde 

228 344 e4 ä Latin small letter a with diaresis 

229 345 e5 å Latin small letter a with ring above 

230 346 e6 æ Latin small letter ae 

231 347 e7 ç Latin small letter c with cedilla 

232 350 e8 è Latin small letter e with grave 

233 351 e9 é Latin small letter e with acute 

234 352 ea ê Latin small letter e with circumflex 

235 353 eb ë Latin small letter e with diaresis 

236 354 ec ì Latin small letter i with grave 

237 355 ed í Latin small letter i with acute 

238 356 ee î Latin small letter i with circumflex 

239 357 ef ï Latin small letter i with diaresis 

240 360 f0 Latin small letter eth (Icelandic) 

241 361 f1 ñ Latin small letter n with tilde 

242 362 f2 ò Latin small letter o with grave 

243 363 f3 ó Latin small letter o with acute 

244 364 f4 ô Latin small letter o with circumflex 

245 365 f5 õ Latin small letter o with tilde 

246 366 f6 ö Latin small letter o with diaresis 

247 367 f7 ÷ Division sign 

248 370 f8 ø Latin small letter o with stroke 

249 371 f9 ù Latin small letter u with grave 

250 372 fa ú Latin small letter u with acute 

251 373 fb û Latin small letter u with circumflex 

252 374 fc ü Latin small letter u with diaresis 

253 375 fd ý Latin small letter y with acute 

254 376 fe Latin small letter thorn (Icelandic) 

255 377 ff ÿ Latin small letter y with diaresis 

B.5 Latin-2 (ISO 8859-2) 

Der Zeichensatz Latin-2 deckt folgende Sprachen ab: Albanisch, 

Bosnisch, Deutsch, Englisch, Finnisch, Irisch, Kroatisch, Polnisch, 

Rumänisch, Serbisch (in lateinischer Transskription), Ser-

B.5. LATIN-2 (ISO 8859-2) 25 

bokroatisch, Slowakisch, Slowenisch, Sorbisch, Tschechisch und 

Ungarisch. Samisch wird in Latin-9 berücksichtigt. Auf: 

http://sizif.mf.uni-lj.si/linux/cee/iso8859-2.html 

finden sich Einzelheiten und weitere URLs. Hier nur die Zeichen, 

die von Latin-1 abweichen: 

dezimal oktal hex Zeichen Bezeichnung 

161 241 a1 Latin capital letter a with ogonek 

162 242 a2 Breve 

163 243 a3 Ł Latin capital letter l with stroke 

165 245 a5 L’ Latin capital letter l with caron 

166 246 a6 ´ S Latin capital letter s with acute 

169 251 a9 Š Latin capital letter s with caron 

170 252 aa ¸S Latin capital letter s with cedilla 

171 253 ab ˇ T Latin capital letter t with caron 

172 254 ac ´ Z Latin capital letter z with acute 

174 256 ae Ž Latin capital letter z with caron 

175 257 af ˙ Z Latin capital letter z with dot above 

177 261 b1 Latin small letter a with ogonek 

178 262 b2 Ogonek (Schwänzchen) 

179 263 b3 ł Latin small letter l with stroke 

181 265 b5 Latin small letter l with caron 

182 266 b6 Latin small letter s with acute 

183 267 b7 Caron 

185 271 b9 Latin small letter s with caron 

186 272 ba Latin small letter s with cedilla 

187 273 bb Latin small letter t with caron 

188 274 bc Latin small letter z with acute 

189 275 bd Double acute accent 

190 276 be Latin small letter z with caron 

191 277 bf Latin small letter z with dot above 

192 300 c0 Latin capital letter r with acute 

195 303 c3 Latin capital letter a with breve 

197 305 c5 Latin capital letter l with acute 

198 306 c6 Latin capital letter c with acute 

200 310 c8 Latin capital letter c with caron 

202 312 ca Latin capital letter e with ogonek 

204 314 cc Latin capital letter e with caron


207 317 cf Latin capital letter d with caron 

208 320 d0 Latin capital letter d with stroke 

209 321 d1 Latin capital letter n with acute 

210 322 d2 Latin capital letter n with caron 

213 325 d5 Latin capital letter o with double acute 

216 330 d8 Latin capital letter r with caron 

217 331 d9 Latin capital letter u with ring above 

219 333 db Latin capital letter u with double acute 

222 336 de Latin capital letter t with cedilla 

224 340 e0 Latin small letter r with acute 

227 343 e3 Latin small letter a with breve 

229 345 e5 Latin small letter l with acute 

230 346 e6 Latin small letter c with acute 

232 350 e8 Latin small letter c with caron 

234 352 ea Latin small letter e with ogonek 

236 354 ec Latin small letter e with caron 

239 357 ef Latin small letter d with caron 

240 360 f0 Latin small letter d with stroke 

241 361 f1 Latin small letter n with acute 

242 362 f2 Latin small letter n with caron 

245 365 f5 Latin small letter o with double acute 

248 370 f8 Latin small letter r with caron 

249 371 f9 Latin small letter u with ring above 

251 373 fb Latin small letter u with double acute 

254 376 fe Latin small letter t with cedilla 

255 377 ff Dot above 

B.6 HTML-Entities 

HTML-Entities sind eine Ersatzschreibweise für Zeichen, die 

nicht direkt in HTML-Text eingegeben werden können. Zu diesen 

Zeichen gehören: 

• Sonderzeichen außerhalb des US-ASCII-Zeichensatzes 

(Umlaute), 

• Zeichen, die eine besondere Bedeutung in HTML haben (&, 

B.6. HTML-ENTITIES 27 

• die dezimale oder hexadezimale Nummer des Zeichens im 

Zeichensatz, 

• eine Umschreibung mit ASCII-Zeichen. 

Soweit die Zeichen im Latin-1-Zeichensatz enthalten sind, können 

die dort angegebenen Nummern verwendet werden. Die 

vollständige Tabelle entnimmt man am einfachsten der HTML- 

Spezifikation. Hier nur die häufigsten Zeichen: 

dezimal hex char ent Zeichen Bezeichnung 

& & & & ampersand 

< L < < less-than sign 

> N > > greater-than sign 

non-breaking space 

¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ inverted exclamation mark 

£ £ £ £ pound sign 

© © © © copyright sign 

« « « ≪ left pointing guillemet 

soft or dicretionary hyphen 

® ® ® registered sign 

° ° ° ◦ degree sign 

± ± ± ± plus-minus sign 

² ² ² 2 superscript two 

³ ³ ³ 3 superscript three 

µ µ µ µ micro sign 

» » » ≫ right pointing guillemet 

½ ½ ½ 1/2 fraction one half 

À À À À latin capital letter A with grave 

Á Á Á Á latin capital letter A with acute 

Â Â Â Â latin capital letter A with circumfle 

Ã Ã Ã Ã latin capital letter A with tilde 

Ä Ä Ä Ä latin capital letter A with diaresis 

Å Å Å Å latin capital letter A with ring abov 

Æ Æ Æ Æ latin capital ligature AE 

Ç Ç Ç Ç latin capital letter C with cedilla 

Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ latin capital letter N with tilde 

Ø Ø Ø Ø latin capital letter O with stroke 

ß ß ß ß latin small letter sharp s 

ë ë ë ë latin small letter e with diaresis


ñ ð ñ ñ latin small letter n with tilde 

B.7 Sondertasten 

Computertastaturen weisen im Vergleich zu den Tastaturen herkömmlicher 

Schreibmaschinen einige Tasten zusätzlich auf – 

mit besonderen Bedeutungen. Obwohl die PC-Tastatur (MF-2) 

weit verbreitet ist, gibt es eine Vielzahl abweichender Tastaturen. 

Die Wirkung, die von einer Taste ausgelöst wird, hängt in 

den meisten Fällen von der Software ab, lässt sich daher nicht 

allgemein angeben und kann von Programm zu Programm variieren. 

Typische Beispiele sind die Funktionstasten, aber auch 

fast alle anderen Tasten lassen sich umprogrammieren. In der 

folgenden Tabelle werden die wichtigsten Sondertasten aufgeführt: 

DÜZ Datenübertragung zeilenweise 

ACK Acknowledge 

AlphaLock wie Caps Lock 

Alt Alt Alternate 

AltGr AltGr Alternate graphic(s) 

BackTab 

BS, Backspace Rücktaste einen Schritt zurück 

BEL Glocke, ASCII-Nr. 7 

Break Untbr Signal SIGINT, Signal Nr. 2 

CAN Cancel 

Caps Lock Feststelltaste Umschaltung feststellen 

CBT Cursor back tab 

CE, ClearEntry 

CharDel Lösche Zeichen 

CharInsert Füge Zeichen vor Cursor ein 

ClearSpace 

CR Carriage return, Wagenrücklauf, 

ASCII-Nr. 13 

Ctrl Strg Control, Steuerung 

CUB Cursor back 

CUD Cursor down 

CUF Cursor forward 

CUU Cursor up

B.7. SONDERTASTEN 29 

DCH Delete character 

DC1 Device control 1, ASCII-Nr. 17 




Dead Keys Tod-Tasten, T. für diakritische Zeichen, 

Akzent-Tasten Akzente ohne Zeichenvorschub 

DEL, Delete Entf Zeichen entfernen, löschen 

DL Delete line 

DLE Data link enable 

Down Pfeil abwärts Cursor abwärts 

EM End of media 

End Ende Cursor zum Seitenende 

ENQ Enquiry 

Enter Zeilenwechsel Eingabe vollziehen 

EOT End of transmission 

Esc Escape Escape, Fluchtsymbol, ASCII-Nr. 27 

ETB End of transaction block 

ETX End of text 

ExtChar 

F1 F1 Funktionstaste 1 usw. 

FF Form feed, Blattvorschub, ASCII-Nr. 12 

Funct ähnlich wie Ctrl 

Home Pos1 Cursor zum Seitenanfang 

HT Horizontal tab 

INS, Insert Einfg Zeichen vor Cursor einfügen 

IS1 Information separator 1 




Left Pfeil links Cursor nach links 

LF Line feed, ASCII-Nr. 10 

LineDel Lösche Zeile 

LineErase Lösche Zeile ab Cursor 

LineFeed wie Down 

LineIns Füge Zeile oberhalb Cursor ein 

LocEsc Local Escape 

NAK Not acknowledge 

NoScroll Hält Bildschirm an 

NumLock Num Number lock key


Page Nächste Seite des Speichers 

Page Down Bild abwärts Nächste Seite des Speichers 

PageErase Seite löschen 

Page Up Bild aufwärts Vorige Seite des Speichers 

Pause Pause Pause 

PFK Program Function Key 

PrevWin Previous window 

PrintScreen Druck Hardcopy des Bildschirms 

Reset Setzt Terminal zurück 

Return Zeilenwechsel Zeilenwechsel, Eingabe vollziehen 

Right Pfeil rechts Cursor nach rechts 

Rubout Zeichen löschen, wie DEL 

ScrollLock Rollen Hält Bildschirm an 

Send Sende Seite zum Computer 

Setup Zeigt Konfiguration an 

Shift Umschaltung Umschaltung groß-klein 

Space Leertaste ASCII-Nr. 32, Leerschritt 

SOH Start of header 

SUB Substitute character, ASCII-Nr. 26 

SYN Synch idle 

SysRq S-Abf System request, System-Anfrage 

Tab Tab (Horizontal-)Tabulator 

Up Pfeil aufwärts Cursor nach oben 

Daneben finden sich auf den Tastaturen einzelner Hersteller 

noch Tasten mit angebissenen Äpfeln, fliegenden Fenstern und 

dergleichen.

C Typografische Maße 

C.1 Papierformate 

In der EDV sind folgende Papierformate gebräuchlich (Ein Zoll 

(inch) sind 25,4 mm oder 72 Punkte): 

• DIN A3 Blattgröße 297 mm x 420 mm entsprechend 842 p 

x 1190 p. 

• DIN A4 Blattgröße 210 mm x 297 mm entsprechend 595 p 

x 842 p, näherungsweise 8 Zoll x 12 Zoll. 

• Briefumschlag DIN lang 110 mm x 220 mm 

• Tabellierpapier schmal Blattgröße einschließlich 

Lochrand 240 mm x 305 mm, ohne Lochrand 210 mm 

x 305 mm, also annähernd DIN A4. 305 mm sind 12 Zoll. 

• Tabellierpapier breit Blattgröße einschließlich Lochrand 

375 mm x 305 mm. 

Bei 10 Zeichen/Zoll faßt die Zeile 132 Zeichen, bei 12 Zeichen/Zoll 

158 Zeichen, bei 15 Zeichen/Zoll 198 Zeichen. 

• Executive amerikanisch, Blattgröße 7.25 Zoll x 10.5 Zoll 

(184,2 mm x 266,7 mm) entsprechend 540 p x 720 p. 

• Ledger amerikanisch, Blattgröße 17 Zoll x 11 Zoll 

(431,8 mm x 279,4 mm) entsprechend 1224 p x 792 p, Querformat. 

• Legal amerikanisch, Blattgröße 8.5 Zoll x 14 Zoll 


• Letter amerikanisch, Blattgröße 8.5 Zoll x 11 Zoll 

(215,9 mm x 279,4 mm) entsprechend 612 p x 792 p, 

Schreibmaschinenpapier. 

• Tabloid amerikanisch, Blattgröße 11 Zoll x 17 Zoll 


Es ist zwischen der Blattgröße, der Größe des adressierbaren 

Bereichs (logische Seite) und der Größe des beschreibbaren Bereichs 

zu unterscheiden. Näheres beispielsweise im HP PCL 5 

31

32 ANHANG C. TYPOGRAFISCHE MASSE 

Printer Language Technical Reference Manual (das leider nicht 

zum Lieferumfang der HP Laserdrucker gehört, für die System- 

Manager aber äußerst wichtig ist). 

C.2 Schriftgrößen 

Bei den Schriftgrößen oder -graden finden sich mehrere Maßsysteme. 

In Mitteleuropa ist traditionell das aus dem Bleisatz 

stammende Punktsystem nach FRANÇOIS AMBROISE DIDOT gebräuchlich, 

das die Höhe der Schrifttype (nicht des Buchstabens) 

angibt. Es geht auf den französischen Fuß zurück; ein Punkt war 

früher 0,376 mm, heute ist er in Angleichung an das metrische 

System 0,375 mm. Die wichtigsten Größen werden auch mit eigenen 

Namen bezeichnet (12 pt = Cicero). Die untere Grenze der 

Lesbarkeit liegt bei 9 pt, optimal sind 12 pt. 

Auf englische Füße geht das Pica-System zurück, in dem 1 

Pica gleich 12 Points oder 4,216 mm (1/6 Zoll) ist. Hiervon abgeleitet 

ist das IBM-Pica-System, in dem Pica eine Schrift mit 

6 Zeilen pro Zoll und 10 Zeichen pro Zoll ist. Elite bedeutet 12 

Zeichen pro Zoll bei gleichem Zeilenabstand. 

Auf deutschen Schreibmaschinen war Pica eine Schriftart mit 

2,6 mm Schrittweite (etwa 10 Zeichen pro Zoll) und Perl eine 

Schriftart mit 2,3 mm Schrittweite.

D Farben 

D.1 RGB-Farbwerte 

D.2 X11-Farben 

Eine Auswahl der von X11 verwendeten Farben. Die vollständige 

Liste ist in /etc/X11/rgb.txt, /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/rgb. 

txt oder /usr/lib/x11/rgb.txt zu finden. Mittels showrgb 

werden die Farben mit ihren Zahlenwerten (RGB-Tripletts) aufgelistet. 

Das Kommando xcolors stellt in einem großen Fenster 

alle Farben gleichzeitig samt ihren Bezeichnungen dar, das Kommando 

xcolorsel in einem kleinen Fenster einen Ausschnitt 

samt Hexwerten und Bezeichnungen. Die tatsächliche Farbdarstellung 

hängt vom Bildschirm bzw. Drucker ab, deshalb sind die 

Farbmuster nur als Orientierungshilfe zu verstehen. 

X11 stellt auch Farben dar, die nicht in dieser Liste genannt 

sind. Darüber hinaus kann sich ein Benutzer mit einem Farbeditor 

eigene Farben für X11 mischen. Nach dem RGB-Modell arbeiten 

xcolmix (Debian) und xcoloredit, zu holen bei http: 

//freebsd.home4u.ch/de/ oder ftp://export.lcs.mit. 

edu/R5contrib/. Ein durchschnittlicher Benutzer kommt jedoch 

mit den vorgefertigten Farben aus. 

Farbe Colour RGB-Vektor Hex, 8bittig 

weiß white 255,255,255 #ffffff 

gelb yellow 255,255,0 #ffff00 

fuchsienrot magenta1 255,0,255 #ff00ff 

cyan cyan1 0,255,255 #00ffff 

rot red 255,0,0 #ff0000 

maigrün green 0,255,0 #00ff00 

blau blue1 0,0,255 #0000ff 

grau grey52 133,133,133 #868686 

olivgrün olive drab 107,142,35 #698e20 

purpur purple 160,32,240 #9e20ef 

33

34 ANHANG D. FARBEN 

dunkelgrün green4 0,139,0 #008a00 

kastanienbraun maroon 176,48,96 #ae3061 

grün green 0,255,0 #00ff00 

marineblau navy blue 0,0,128 #000086 

lachsrot salmon 250,128,114 #f78271 

dunkelrosa hot pink 255,105,180 #ff69b6 

dunkelorange dark orange 255,140,0 #ff8e00 

königsblau royal blue 65,105,225 #4169df 

altweiß antique white 250,235,215 #f7ebd7 

ocker navajo white 255,222,173 #ffdfae 

hellgrau light grey 211,211,211 #cfd3cf 

schwarz black 0,0,0 #000000 

D.3 HTML-Farben 

Eine Auswahl von Farben nach dem RGB-Farbmodell, ihren 

Bezeichnungen und ihren Hex-Codes, wie sie in HTML-Seiten 

verwendet werden. Die ersten 16 Farben können auf Webseiten 

über ihre englische Bezeichnung angesprochen werden; die 

Hex-Codes sollten immer richtig verstanden werden. Weiteres 

unter http:\\www.htmlhelp.com/cgi-bin/color.cgi oder 

http://www.seifert-web.de/info/bgclick.htm. 

Farbe Colour Hex Code 

weiß white #ffffff 

schwarz black #000000 

gelb yellow #ffff00 

fuchsienrot magenta, fuchsia #ff00ff 

cyan cyan, aqua #00ffff 

rot red #ff0000 

maigrün lime #00ff00 

blau blue #0000ff 

grau gray #808080 

olivgrün olive #808000 

purpur purple #800080 

dunkelgrün teal #008080 

kastanienbraun maroon #800000 

grün green #008000

D.3. HTML-FARBEN 35 

marineblau navy #000080 

silbern silver #c0c0c0 

lachsrot salmon #fa8072 

dunkelrosa hot pink #ff69b4 

dunkel orange dark orange #ff8c00 

königsblau royal blue #4169e1 

ocker navajo white #ffdead

E Hypertext Markup Language 

(HTML) 

An Hand einer einfachen Webseite – verfasst nach der Spezifikation 

von HTML 4.0 – wird die Verwendung von HTML erläutert. 

Die Seite ist von mehreren Programmen getestet und hat keine 

Fehlermeldungen erzeugt. 

Telefon +49 721 608 2404 (dienstlich) 

 

 

Email 

from 

37

38 ANHANG E. HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE (HTML) 

 

 

Die erste Zeile nennt die Document Type Declaration. Sie kann 

von Testprogrammen wie tidy automatisch hinzugefügt werden. 

Dann folgt das eigentliche HTML-Dokument von 

bis . Es gliedert sich in den Kopf von bis 

und den Rumpf von bis . 

Im Kopf steht der Titel (keine Sonderzeichen!) von 

bis , der auf dem Rahmen des Brauser-Fensters angezeigt 

wird. Dann folgen Meta-Informationen für Brauser und 

Suchmaschinen. Die Information über den Content-Type ist obligatorisch, 

der Rest optional. 

Im Rumpf wird zunächst ein Bild (Logo) im gif-Format eingebunden. 

Für Fotos empfiehlt sich das jpg-Format. Dann folgt eine 

Überschrift (Headline) dritter Stufe, die beiden obersten Stufen 

werden hier nicht verwendet. ist eine horizontale Trennlinie 

(horizontal ruler), ein Zeilenumbruch (line break) zusätzlich 

zu denen, die der Brauser von sich aus vornimmt. 

Die Email-Anschrift ist in Form eines anklickbaren Hyperlinks 

zwischen und angegeben. Der öffnende Tag 

enthält ein Attribut, nämlich den URL, der beim Anklicken angesprochen 

werden soll. 

Die Arbeitsgebiete sind in Form einer Auflistung (unordered 

list) zwischen und dargestellt. Die einzelnen Elemente 

stehen zwischen und . Es gibt auch Aufzählungen 

(ordered lists, OL). 

Der auf die Bibliothek weisende Hyperlink ruft auf dem 

Webserver ein cgi-Programm auf, das etwas tut und das Ergebnis 

dem Webserver zwecks Übertragung zum Brauser mitteilt. 

Die Information, die der Leser beim Anklicken dieses Hyperlinks 

erhält, wird also bei Bedarf zusammengestellt, sie ist dynamisch. 

Im vorliegenden Fall stammt sie auf Umwegen aus einer Datenbank. 

Gegen Ende werden der URL der vorliegenden Seite, das Datum 

der jüngsten Änderung und die Anschrift des zuständigen 

Webmasters angegeben. Das gehört sich so und fehlt oft. 

Die letzten drei Zeilen im Rumpf rufen Server Side Includes 

auf. Das sind wieder dynamische Informationen, die der Server 

nach Bedarf einfügt, jedoch ohne Hilfe eines anderen Programmes. 

Nicht unbedingt erforderlich, aber hier und da nützlich.

Dieses Beispiel soll zeigen, dass eine einfache Webseite keine 

höheren Programmierkenntnisse erfordert. Wenn Sie sich dann 

noch aus dem Netz oder im Buchhandel eine gute Einführung in 

HTML besorgen, sind Sie für Ihren Auftritt im WWW gerüstet. 

Später sollten Sie sich noch vom W3C die HTML-Spezifikation 

holen, zum Nachschlagen. 

39

F Die wichtigsten 

UNIX-Kommandos 

Einzelheiten siehe Online-Referenz-Handbuch. Das wichtigste 

Kommando zuerst, die übrigen nach Sachgebiet und dann alphabetisch 

geordnet: 

man man Beschreibung zum Kommando man(1) ausgeben 

man -k time man-Seiten zum Stichwort time auflisten 

apropos timeman-Seiten zum Stichwort time auflisten 

Allgemeines 

alias Alias in der Shell einrichten 

alias r=’fc -e -’ 

at Programm zu einem beliebigen Zeitpunkt starten 

at 0815 Jan 24 

program 

EOF (meist control-d) 

bdf, df, du Plattenbelegung ermitteln 

df 

du . 

calendar Terminverwaltung (Reminder Service) 

(Datei $HOME/calendar muß existieren) 

calendar 

crontab Tabelle für cron erzeugen 

crontab crontabfile 

date Datum und Zeit anzeigen 

date 

echo, print Argument auf stdout schreiben 

echo ’Hallo, wie gehts?’ 

exit Shell beenden 

exit 

kill Signal an Prozess senden 

kill process_id 

kill -s SIGHUP process_id 

leave an Feierabend erinnern 

40

leave 2215 

lock Terminal sperren 

lock 

newgrp Benutzergruppe wechseln 

newgrp student 

nice Priorität eines Programmes herabsetzen 

nice program 

nohup Programm von Sitzung abkoppeln 

nohup program & 

passwd Passwort ändern 

passwd 

yppasswd (in NIS-Clustern) 

ps laufende Prozesse anzeigen 

ps -ef 

script Sitzung mitschreiben 

script (beenden mit exit) 

set Umgebung anzeigen 

set 

sh, ksh, bashShells (Bourne, Korn, Bash) 

bash 

stty Terminal-Schnittstelle anzeigen 

stty 

su Usernamen wechseln (substituieren) 

su bjalex1 

tset, reset Terminal initialisieren 

tset vt100 

tty Terminalnamen (/dev/tty*) anzeigen 

tty 

who eingeloggte Benutzer auflisten 

who -H 

whoami, id meinen Namen anzeigen 

id 

xargs Argumentliste aufbauen und Kommando ausführen 

ls | xargs -i -t mv {} subdir/{} 

Dateien, Verzeichnisse 

cd Arbeitsverzeichnis wechseln 

cd 

cd /usr/local/bin 

41

42 ANHANG F. DIE WICHTIGSTEN UNIX-KOMMANDOS 

chgrp Gruppe einer Datei wechseln 

chgrp students file 

chmod Zugriffsrechte einel Datei ändern 

chmod 755 file 

chown Besitzer einer Datei wechseln 

chown aralex1 file 

cmp, diff zwei Dateien vergleichen 

cmp file1 file2 

compress Datei komprimieren 

compress file 

uncompress file.Z 

cp Datei kopieren 

cp original kopie 

file Dateityp ermitteln 

file file 

find, whereisDateien suchen 

find . -name file -print 

gzip Datei komprimieren (GNU) 

gzip file 

gunzip file.gz 

ln Datei linken 

ln file hardlinkname 

ln -s file softlinkname 

ls Verzeichnisse auflisten 

ls -al 

ls -l /usr/local 

mkdir Verzeichnis anlegen 

mkdir newdir 

mv Datei verschieben oder umbenennen 

mv oldfilename newfilename 

od (oktalen) Dump einer Datei ausgeben 

od -c file 

pwd Arbeitsverzeichnis anzeigen 

pwd 

rm, rmdir Datei oder leeres Verzeichnis löschen 

rm file 

rm -r dir (rekursiv) 

rmdir dir 

tar Datei-Archiv schreiben oder lesen 

tar -cf /dev/st0 ./dir &

touch leere Datei erzeugen, Zeitstempel ändern 

touch file 

Kommunikation, Netz 

ftp Datei Transfer 

ftp ftp.ciw.uni-karlsruhe.de 

hostname Hostnamen anzeigen 

hostname 

irc Netzgeschwätz 

irc (beenden mit /quit) 

kermit Datei übertragen, auch von/zu Nicht-UNIX-Anlagen 

kermit (beenden mit exit) 

mail,elm, Mail lesen und versenden 

mutt mail wulf.alex@mvm.uni-karlsruhe.de < file 

elm 

mutt 

netscape WWW-Browser (einer unter vielen) 

netscape & 

news Neuigkeiten anzeigen 

news -a 

nslookup Auskunft über Host 

nslookup mvmpc100.ciw.uni-kalrsuhe.de 

nslookup 129.13.118.100 

ping Verbindung prüfen 

ping 129.13.118.100 

ssh verschlüsselte Verbindung zu Host im Netz 

ssh mvmpc100.ciw.uni-karlsruhe.de 

rlogin Dialog mit UNIX-Host im Netz (unverschlüsselt) 

rlogin mvmpc100 

telnet Dialog mit Host im Netz (unverschlüsselt) 

telent mvmpc100 

tin, xn Newsreader 

rtin 

uucp Programmpaket mit UNIX-Netzdiensten 

whois Auskunft über Netzknoten 

whois -h whois.internic.net gatekeeper.dec.co 

write, talk Dialog mit eingeloggtem Benutzer 

talk wualex1@mvmpc100 

43

44 ANHANG F. DIE WICHTIGSTEN UNIX-KOMMANDOS 

Programmieren 

ar Gruppe von files archivieren 

ar -r archiv.a file1 file2 

cb C-Beautifier, Quelle verschönern 

cb prog.c > prog.b 

cc C-Compiler mit Linker 

cc -o prog prog.c 

ci einchecken in das RCS-System 

ci mysource.c 

co auschecken aus dem RCS-System 

co -l mysource.c 

lint C-Syntax-Prüfer 

lint prog.c 

make Compileraufruf vereinfachen 

make (Makefile erforderlich) 

sdb, xdb symbolischer Debugger 

xdb (einige Dateien erforderlich) 

Textverarbeitung 

adjust Text formatieren (einfachst) 

adjust -j -m60 textfile 

awk Listengenerator 

awk -f awkscript textfile (awk-Script erforderlich) 

cancel Druckauftrag löschen 

cancel lp-4711 

cat von stdin lesen, nach stdout schreiben 

cat textfile 

cat file1 file2 > file.all 

cat textfile 

cut Spalten aus Tabellen auswählen 

cut -f1 tablefile > newfile 

ed Zeileneditor, mit diff(1) nützlich 

ed textfile 

emacs Editor, alternativ zum vi(1) (GNU) 

emacs textfile 

expand Tabs ins Spaces umwandeln 

expand textfile > newfile 

grep, fgrep Muster in Dateien suchen

grep -i Unix textfile 

fgrep UNIX textfile 

head, tail Anfang bzw. Ende eines Textfiles anzeigen 

head textfile 

lp, lpr Datei über Spooler ausdrucken 

lp -dlp2 textfile 

lpr -Plp2 textfile 

lpstat, lpq Spoolerstatus anzeigen 

lpstat -t 

more, less Textfile schirmweise anzeigen 

more textfile 

ls -l | more 

nroff Textformatierer 

nroff nrofffile | lp 

recode Filter zur Umwandlung von Zeichensätzen (GNU) 

recode --help 

recode -l 

recode -v ascii-bs:EBCDIC-IBM textfile 

sed filternder Editor 

sed ’s/[A-Z]/[a-z]/g’ textfile > newfile 

sort Textfile zeilenweise sortieren 

sort liste | uniq > newfile 

spell Rechtschreibung prüfen 

spell spelling textfile+ 

tee stdout zugleich in eine Datei schreiben 

who | tee whofile 

tr Zeichen in Textfile ersetzen 

tr -d "\015" < textfile1 > textfile2 

uniq sortiertes Textfile nach doppelten Zeilen durchsuchen 

sort liste | uniq > newfile 

vi Bildschirm-Editor, alternativ zum emacs(1) 

vi textfile 

view vi(1) nur zum Lesen aufrufen 

view textfile 

vis Dateien mit Steuersequenzen anzeigen 

vis textfile 

wc Zeichen, Wörter und Zeilen zählen 

wc textfile 

45

G Vergleich UNIX – 

DOS-Kommandos 

Der Vergleich bezieht sich auf Microsoft DOS 5.0 und UNIX V.3. 

Eine hundertprozentige Übereinstimmung in der Wirkung ist 

selten. Die Syntax der Kommandos ist immer verschieden. 

Optionen werden in UNIX durch –, in MS-DOS durch / eingeleitet. 

Die Verzeichnisse eines vollen Pfadnamens werden in 

UNIX durch /, in MS-DOS durch \ getrennt. 

In UNIX arbeitet man stets mit einem einzigen File-System; 

in MS-DOS hat jeder Datenträger (Diskette, Platte) sein eigenes 

File-System. Die Kommandos zum Behandeln der File-Systeme 

können daher keine Äquivalente haben. 

UNIX MS-DOS Wirkung 

cat, pg type zeigt File auf Bildschirm an 

cd cd wechselt Arbeitsverzeichnis 

chmod attrib ändert Fileattribute 

clear cls löscht Bildschirm 

cmp comp, fc vergleicht zwei Files 

cp copy, xcopy kopiert File 

date date zeigt Datum an 

date time zeigt Uhrzeit an 

exit exit verläßt Kommandointerpreter 

grep find sucht String in File 

lp print schickt File zum Drucker 

lpr print schickt File zum Drucker 

ls dir listet Verzeichnis auf 

mkdir mkdir legt Verzeichnis an 

more more zeigt File bildschirmweise an 

mv ren benennt File um 

pwd cd zeigt Arbeitsverzeichnis 

rm del löscht File 

rmdir rmdir löscht leeres Verzeichnis 

sh command ruft Kommandointerpreter auf 

sort sort sortiert File zeilenweise 

46

Wer mit beiden Betriebssystemen arbeitet, möchte vielleicht 

auf beiden Systemen die häufigsten Kommandos beider Systeme 

zur Verfügung haben, um nicht ständig umdenken zu müssen. 

Unter UNIX ist das mithilfe des link-Kommandos ln(1) mit geringem 

Aufwand zu erreichen. Man linkt beispielsweise das MS- 

DOS-Kommando copy auf das UNIX-Kommando cp(1), zweckmäßig 

im selben Verzeichnis: ln /bin/cp /bin/copy. Ein Alias 

leistet für einen einzelnen Benutzer denselben Dienst und 

läßt sich auch für interne Kommandos einrichten. 

Diese Möglichkeit gibt es unter MS-DOS nicht. Man kann 

nur ein Batch-File mit dem Namen des UNIX-Kommandos 

schreiben, das das MS-DOS-Kommando aufruft, beispielsweise 

cp.bat: 

@echo off 

c:dos\copy %1 %2 /v 

Seit MS-DOS 5.0 lassen sich mittels doskey auch Aliases einrichten. 

Es gibt außerdem von vielen UNIX-Kommandos Ausführungen, 

die unter MS-DOS laufen, siehe Abschnitt ?? MKS- 

Tools und andere. Insbesondere gibt es den Editor vi(1) unter 

dem Namen vim und den Archivierer tar(1) auch für DOS. 

Umlenkungen (>,

H Besondere 

UNIX-Kommandos 

H.1 vi(1) 

Kommando Wirkung 

esc schaltet in Kommando-Modus um 

h Cursor nach links 

j Cursor nach unten 

k Cursor nach oben 

l Cursor nach rechts 

0 Cursor an Zeilenanfang 

$ Cursor an Zeilenende 

nG Cursor in Zeile Nr. n 

G Cursor in letzte Zeile des Textes 

n+ Cursor n Zeilen vorwärts 

n- Cursor n Zeilen rückwärts 

a schreibe anschließend an Cursor 

i schreibe vor Cursor 

o öffne neue Zeile unterhalb Cursor 

O öffne neue Zeile oberhalb Cursor 

r ersetze das Zeichen auf Cursor 

R ersetze Text ab Cursor 

x lösche das Zeichen auf Cursor 

dd lösche Cursorzeile 

ndd lösche n Zeilen ab und samt Cursorzeile 

nY übernimm n Zeilen in Zwischenspeicher 

p schreibe Zwischenpuffer unterhalb Cursorzeile 

P schreibe Zwischenpuffer oberhalb Cursorzeile 

J hänge nächste Zeile an laufende an 

/abc suche String abc nach Cursor 

?abc suche String abc vor Cursor 

n wiederhole Stringsuche 

u mache letztes Kommando ungültig (undo) 

% suche Gegenklammer (in Programmen) 

48

H.2. EMACS(1) 49 

:read file lies file ein 

:w schreibe Text zurück (write, save) 

:q verlasse Editor ohne write (quit) 

:wq write und quit 

Weitere vi-Kommandos im Referenz-Handbuch unter vi(1), in 

verschiedenen Hilfen im Netz oder in dem Buch von MORRIS I. 

BOLSKY. 

H.2 emacs(1) 

Der emacs(1) kennt keine Modi, die Kommandos werden durch 

besondere Tastenkombinationen erzeugt. control h, t bedeutet: 

zuerst die Tastenkombination control h eintippen, loslassen, 

dann t eintippen. Die Mächtigkeit des Emacs zeigt sich daran, 

daß nicht ein Hilfefenster angeboten wird, sondern ein ganzes 

Tutorial. 


emacs filename Aufruf zum Editieren des Files filename 

control h, t Tutorial 

control h, i Manuals 

control x, control s Text speichern 

control x, control x Text speichern, Editor verlassen 

Weitere emacs-Kommandos im Tutorial, im Referenz-Handbuch 

unter emacs(1), in verschiedenen Hilfen im Netz oder in dem 

Buch von D. CAMERON und B. ROSENBLATT. 

H.3 joe(1) 

Der joe(1) kennt keine Modi, die Kommandos werden durch 

besondere Tastenkombinationen erzeugt. control k, h bedeutet: 

zuerst die Tastenkombination control k eintippen, loslassen, 

dann h eintippen. 

Kommando Wirkung

50 ANHANG H. BESONDERE UNIX-KOMMANDOS 

joe filename Aufruf zum Editieren des Files filename 

control k, h Hilfe anzeigen 

control k, x Text speichern, Editor verlassen 

control c Editor ohne Speichern verlassen 

Weitere joe-Kommandos im Hilfefenster, im Referenz- 

Handbuch unter joe(1) oder in verschiedenen Hilfen im 

Netz. 

H.4 Drucken 

In der UNIX-Welt gibt es mehrere Systeme aus Druckdämonen 

und -kommandos. Man muß sich beim System-Manager erkundigen 

(oder experimentell ermitteln), welches Drucksystem verwendet 

wird. In ihrer Funktionalität ähneln sich die Systeme, in 

Einzelheiten und der Kommandosyntax unterscheiden sie sich. 

Aufgabe System V BSD LPRng HPDPS 

Druckauftrag geben lp lpr lpr pdpr 

Druckauftrag löschen cancel lprm lprm pdrm, pdclean 

Status abfragen lpstat lpq lpq pdq 

Spoolerdämon lpsched lp lp (Spooler) 

H.5 ftp(1) 

Wenn man eine FTP-Verbindung zu einem Computer im Netz unterhält, 

stehen nur ftp-Kommandos für die Fileübertragung zur 

Verfügung, die mit den UNIX-Kommandos nichts zu tun haben. 

Die wichtigsten von etwa 70 sind: 


ftp Beginn der FTP-Sitzung 

open Verbinden mit angegebener Adresse 

user Eingabe Benutzernamen 

pwd print working directory, wie UNIX 

cd change directory, wie UNIX

H.5. FTP(1) 51 

lcd change local directory 

dir, ls Verzeichnis auflisten 

ascii in ASCII-Modus schalten (für ASCII-Texte) 

binary in binären Modus schalten (für alle übrigen Files) 

get File vom Host holen 

get README |more kurzes Textfile README on-line lesen 

put File zum Host schicken 

mget multi-get, mehrere Files auf einmal holen 

mput multi-put, mehrere Files auf einmal schicken 

prompt Abfragen bei mget und mput unterdrücken 

rhelp Kommandos der Übertragung anzeigen 

close Verbindung (nicht Sitzung) beenden 

bye, quit Sitzung beenden 

help lokale Hilfe zu Kommandos anzeigen 

? cmd Hilfe zum Kommando cmd anzeigen

I UNIX-Dateisystem 

I.1 Zugriffsrechte 

• d Verzeichnis (directory), 

• l weicher (symbolischer) Link, 

• c Character Device File, 

• b Block Device File, 

• p Named Pipe (FIFO), 

• n Network Device File, 

• s an vorderster Stelle: Socket, 

• - an vorderster Stelle: reguläre Datei, sonst gleichbedeutend 

mit nicht gesetztem Recht, Zahlenwert 0, 

• r lesen (read), kopieren, bei Verzeichnissen: mit ls(1) auflisten, 

Zahlenwert 4, 

• w schreiben (write), ändern, bei Verzeichnissen Dateien anlegen 

oder löschen, Zahlenwert 2, 

• x ausführen (execute, was nur bei Programmen sinnvoll 

ist), bei Verzeichnissen mit cd(1) hinein- oder hindurchgehen 

(search), Zahlenwert 1, 

• S bei den Besitzerrechten: Set-User-ID-Bit gesetzt, Zahlenwert 

4, x nicht gesetzt, 

• s bei den Besitzerrechten: Set-User-ID-Bit gesetzt, Zahlenwert 

4, x gesetzt, 

• S bei den Gruppenrechten: Set-Group-ID-Bit gesetzt, Zahlenwert 

2, x nicht gesetzt, 

• s bei den Gruppenrechten: Set-Group-ID-Bit gesetzt, Zahlenwert 

2, x gesetzt, 

• T Sticky Bit gesetzt, Zahlenwert 1, x nicht gesetzt, 

• t Sticky Bit, Zahlenwert 1, und x gesetzt, 

52

I.1. ZUGRIFFSRECHTE 53 

Tab. I.1: Zugriffsrechte von Dateien und Verzeichnissen, Beispiele 

Rechte Rechte Besitzer Gruppe Rest der Welt 

000 - - - - - - - - - Rechte ändern nichts nichts 

700 r w x - - - - - - alles nichts nichts 

600 r w - - - - - - - lesen + schreiben nichts nichts 

500 r - x - - - - - - lesen + ausführen nichts nichts 

400 r - - - - - - - - lesen nichts nichts 

300 - w x - - - - - - schreiben + ausführen nichts nichts 

200 - w - - - - - - - schreiben nichts nichts 

100 - - x - - - - - - ausführen nichts nichts 

750 r w x r - x - - - alles lesen + ausführen nichts 

640 r w - - - - - - - lesen + schreiben lesen nichts 

755 r w x r - x r - x alles lesen + ausführen lesen + ausführen 

644 r w - r - - r - - lesen + schreiben lesen lesen 

664 r w - r w - r - - lesen + schreiben lesen + schreiben lesen 

775 r w x r w x r - x alles alles lesen + ausführen 

777 r w x r w x r w x alles alles alles 

1000 - - - - - - - - T nichts nichts nichts, Sticky Bit 

2000 - - - - - S - - - nichts nichts, sgid-Bit nichts 

4000 - - S - - - - - - nichts, suid-Bit nichts nichts 

4600 r w S - - - - - - lesen + schreiben, suid-Bit nichts nichts 

4700 r w s - - - - - - alles, suid-Bit nichts nichts 

6750 r w s r - x - - - alles, suid-Bit lesen + ausführen, sgid-Bit nichts 

4555 r - s r - x r - x lesen + ausführen, suid-Bit lesen + ausführen lesen + ausführen 

7555 r - s r - s r - t lesen + ausführen, suid-Bit lesen + ausführen, sgid-Bit lesen + ausführen, Sticky Bit

54 ANHANG I. UNIX-DATEISYSTEM 

I.2 Kennungen 

Unter UNIX ist es nicht gebräuchlich, den Typ eines Files durch 

ein Anhängsel (Kennung, Erweiterung, Extension) an seinen 

Namen zu kennzeichnen, aber es ist erlaubt. Die Länge der Kennung 

ist beliebig, es dürfen auch zwei Kennungen angefügt werden, 

zum Beispiel .ps.gz. Folgende Kennungen (a = ASCII- 

Text, b = binäres File, ? = wechselnd oder unbekannt) sind verbreitet: 

$$$ ? Temporäres File 

10X b Gemini 10X Printer Graphics 

a b UNIX-Archiv, mit ar(1) erzeugt 

acr b ACR-NEMA Medical Image 

adf ? Adapter Description (IBM) 

adi b AutoCAD DXF 

adn ? Add In Utility (Lotus) 

afm ? Adobe Font Metrics (Adobe) 

ai ? Adobe Illustrator 

ani b Atari ST Graphics Format 

ans b ANSI-Grafik 

app ? Application (RBase, NeXT) 

arc ? Archiv, mit arc oder pkpak komprimiert 

arj b Archiv, mit ??? komprimiert 

art b First Publisher Clip Art 

asc a ASCII-Textfile 

asm a Assembler-Quelle 

atk b Andrew Toolkit Raster Object 

au b Sound (Sun, NeXT) 

aux ? TeX Hilfsfile, mit Bezügen 

avi b Microsoft RIFF 

avs b Intel DVI 

bak a Backup 

bas b BASIC-Quelle 

bat a Batchfile unter MS-DOS, entsprechend Shellscript 

bbl a BIBTeX Literaturverzeichnis 

bck ? Backup 

bfx b Bitfax 

bgi b Borland Graphic Interface 

bib ? Bibliographie

I.2. KENNUNGEN 55 

bif b Binary Image 

bin b binäres File 

bit b TeX Ausgabe des Druckertreibers 

bk a Backup (WordPerfect) 

bld b BASIC Bload Graphics 

bm b X11 Bitmap 

bmp b Microsoft Bitmap Graphics (Windows, OS/2) 

bnd b Microsoft RIFF 

bob b BOB Image 

bpx b Lumena Paint 

bsc ? Boyan Script 

bsv b BASIC Bsave Graphics 

btm a Batchfile unter 4DOS 

bw b SGI Image File Format 

byu b Movie BYU 

c a C-Quelle 

C a C++-Quelle 

c64 b Commodore 64 Image 

cab ? Microsoft Cabinet 

cal b CAL Raster 

cap a Capture-File (Telix) 

cat a Catalogue, Verzeichnis 

cbl a COBOL-Quelle 

cc a C++-Quelle 

cco b Btx-Grafik 

cdf ? Comma delimited format 

cdi b Philips CD-I IFF 

cdr b Corel Draw Vektorgrafik 

cdx ? Compound Index (FoxPro) 

cel b Lumena CEL 

cfg ? Konfigurations-File 

cgm b Computer Graphics Metafile (Harvard Graphics, Lotus) 

chk ? von chkdsk erzeugtes File (MS-DOS) 

chm b compilierte HTML-Datei 

cht b Harvard Graphics 

clp ? Clipboard (Windows), Clip Art, GRASP 

cmd a Command, Skript, Batchfile unter OS/2 

cmi b Intel DVI 

cmu b CMU Window Manager Bitmap 

cnc a CNC-Programme


cnf ? Konfigurations-File 

cob a COBOL-Quelle 

cod ? Codeliste 

com b Kommando (MS-DOS), ausführbares Programm 

cpi ? Code Page Information (MS-DOS) 

cpp a C++-Quelle 

cpt ? Compact Pro (Kompressor Macintosh) 

crd ? Cardfile 

crf ? Cross Reference 

csv a Comma Separated Values 

ctx b Signaturfile (PGP) 

cube b Cubicomp Picturemaker Image 

cue ? Cuecard (Volltext-DB, Windows) 

cur b Microsoft Windows Cursor Image 

cut b Dr. Halo Bitmap 

cvf b Compressed Volume 

cxx a C++-Quelle 

dat a Daten 

db b Datenbank (Paradox) 

dbf ? Datenbank (dBase) 

dcf ? Driver Configuration file 

dcs b Quark Desktop Color Separation EPS 

dct ? Dictionary 

dcx b Fax-File 

dd ? Disk Doubler 

ddif ? DEC DDIF 

def ? Definitionen, Defaultwerte 

dem b Demonstration 

des ? Description 

dhp b Dr. Halo PIC 

dib b Microsoft Windows Bitmap, OS/2 Bitmap 

dic ? Dictionary 

dif ? Lotus Data Interchange Format 

dir a Directory, Verzeichnis 

dll b Dynamically Linked Library (OS/2, Windows) 

doc a Dokument, Text (MS Word) 

dok a Dokument, Text 

dpx b Cineon DPX 

drs b Driver Resource (WordPerfect) 

drv b Device Driver


drw b Drawing 

dta a Daten 

dv a Desqview Scriptfile 

dvi b Metafile von TeX, geräteunabhängig 

dvr b Device Driver 

dxb b Drawing Interchange Binary (AutoCAD) 

dxf b Data Exchange Format (AutoCAD) 

ega b EGA-Grafik 

eidi b Electric Image EIDI 

el a Emacs Lisp 

elc b Emacs Lisp compiled 

emf ? Enhanced Metafile Format 

eml a Electronic Mail 

enc b encoded 

eps b Adobe Encapsulated Postscript 

epsi b Encapsulated Postscript Preview 

err a Error, Fehlerprotokoll 

etx ? Setext 

exe b executable, ausführbares Programm (MS-DOS) 

f a FORTRAN-Quelle 

fax b G3 Fax 

fbc b Family Tree Maker Backup for DOS 

fbk b Family Tree Maker Backup for Windows 

fd ? Font Description 

fif ? Fractal Image Format 

fits b Flexible Image Transport System 

fli b EmTeX Fontlibrary 

fnt b Font 

fop b Freedom of Press Graphics 

for a FORTRAN-Quelle 

fpx b Flash Pics Raster Image 

fs b Usenix Face Saver 

ftm b Family Tree Maker for DOS 

ftw b Family Tree Maker for Windows 

fxs b Fax (Winfax) 

g3 b G3 Fax 

gem ? GEM Meta 

gfb b Gifblast compressed GIF image 

gif b CompuServe Graphics Interchange Format 

glo a TeX Glossar


go b GraphOn Graphics 

goes b NOAA Satellite Data 

grib b Gridded Binary (WMO) 

gz b mit GNU gzip(1) komprimiert 

h a Header-File , include-File 

hex b Hexdump 

hdf ? Hierarchical Data Format 

hips b Human Information Processing Laboratory 

hpp a Header-File C++ 

hqx b Macintosh BinHex encoded 

hta ? HTML-Anwendung 

htm a Hypertext-Markup-Language (DOS-Welt) 

html a Hypertext-Markup-Language (UNIX-Welt) 

i a C-Quelle nach Präprozessor-Durchlauf 

iax b Image Access Executive 

icc b Kodak ICC Printer 

ico b Microsoft Windows Icon Image 

icr b NCSA Telnet Interactive Color Raster Graphic 

idx a Index 

iff b Sun Interchange File Format 

ilbm b Amiga Interleaved Bitmap 

img b Image, GEM Paint, Rastergrafik/Bitmap 

inf a Information, Installationsskript 

ini ? Konfigurationsfile (Initialisierung) 

jar ? Java Archiv 

jfi b JPEG File Interchange Format 

jif b JPEG Interchange Format 

jpeg b Joint Photographic Experts Group Compressed 

jpg b Joint Photographic Experts Group Compressed 

js a Javascript 

jse b Javascript kodiert 

l a lex(1)-Quelle 

lan b Erdas 

lib b Library, Bibliothek 

lj b HP Laserjet Graphics 

lof a TeX Bildverzeichnis (list of figures) 

log a Protokollfile, TeX Meldungen während der Übersetzung 

lot a TeX Tabellenverzeichnis (list of tables) 

lst a Liste 

ltm b EOSAT’s Landsat Thematic Mapper Data


lzh b Archiv, mit lha komprimiert 

m4 a m4(1)-Präprozessor 

mac b Macintosh Paint 

map b Map-File (Quick C) 

mak a Makefile 

mdb ? Microsoft Data Base (Access) 

mdf ? Menu Definition 

mgr b MGR Bitmap 

mid b Midi Sound 

mif b Maker Interchange Format (FrameMaker) 

miff b Magick Image File Format 

mod b MODULA-Quelle, Amiga-Modul (Sound) 

mpeg b Motion Pictures Expert Group (Filme) 

mpnt b Apple Macintosh MacPaint 

msp b Microsoft Windows Paint 

mtv b MTV Raytracer 

neo b Atari NeoChrome Image 

nff ? Neutral File Format 

nitf b National Image Transmission 

o b Objekt-Code 

obj b Objekt-Code 

old ? Kopie eines Files vor Überschreiben 

omf a Open Source Metadata Framework 

ovl b Overlay 

ovr b Overlay, Overview 

p a PASCAL-Quelle 

pak b Archiv, mit pkpak komprimiert 

pax b Portable Archive Exchange 

pbm b Portable Bitmap 

pcd b Kodak Photo Compact Disc 

pcl a HP Printer Control Language 

pct b Macintosh PICT 

pcx b Paintbrush, Rastergrafik 

pdf b Adobe Portable Document Format 

pds b NASA Planetary Image, PDS/VICAR 

pi1 b Atari Degas 

pic b Lotus/Pixar/Radiance Picture, Softimage Image 

pics b Apple Macintosh PICS 

pict b Apple Macintosh QuickDraw 

pif b Program Information


pit b PackIt (Kompressor Macintosh) 

pix b Inset PIX, Lumena Paint, Alias Image 

pj b HP PaintJet Graphics 

pk b Packed Format Font 

png b Portable Network Graphics 

pnm b PBM Portable Any Map 

pov b Persistance of Vision 

pps ? Power Point Slide Show 

ppt ? Power Point 

prn a Druckerfile 

prt b Parallel Ray Trace 

ps b Postscript 

psf b Permanent Swap 

ptr b OS/2 PTR File 

ptx b Printronix Graphics 

qdv b Random Dot QDV 

qfx b Fax-File (Quicklink) 

qrt b QRT Ray Tracer 

qtm b QuickTime 

r a Rational-FORTRAN-Quelle 

ras b SUN/CALS Raster Grafik 

rdi b Microsoft RIFF 

reg ? MS Windows Registry 

rff b Dore Raster File Format 

rgb b SGI RGB Image 

riff b Letraset Image 

rix b Softworks Paint Tool Colorix 

rla b Wavefront Run Length Encoded Version A Raster Image 

rlb b Wavefront Run Length Encoded Version B Raster Image 

rle b Utah Run Length Encoded Image 

rm b Real Media 

rpm ? Red Hat Package Manager 

rtf ? Rich Text Format 

s a Assembler-Quelle 

scan b Thunderscan Image 

scr b Screensaver, SUN/CALS Raster Grafik 

sdf ? Space Delimited File 

sea ? Self Extracting Archive (Macintosh) 

sgi b SGI Image File Format 

sh a Bourne-Shell-Script


shar a Bourne-Shell-Archiv 

shr a Shell-Archiv 

shtml a Server Parsed HTML Document 

sir b Solitaire 

sit b Macintosh StuffIt Archive 

six b DEC LN03+ Sixel 

sld b AutoCAD Slide 

spc b Atari Compressed Spectrum 

spl ? Future Splash Player 

spot b SPOT Satellite Image 

spu b Atari Compressed Spectrum 

src a Program Source Code 

stf ? Structured File 

swf ? Shockwave Flash 

swt ? Shockwave Template 

sys b Treiber unter MS-DOS 

tar b tar(1)-Archiv 

tdf ? Trace/Typeface Definition 

tdi b TDI Image 

tex a TeX- oder LaTeX-Quelltext 

tfm b TeX-Font-Metrics 

tga b Truevision TARGA Image 

tgz b .tar.gz, tar-Archiv, GNUzip komprimiert 

tif b Tag Image File Format (Scanner) 

tiff b Tag Image File Format (Scanner) 

tmp ? temporäres File 

toc a Hilfsfile von TeX (table of contents) 

tpu b Turbo Pascal Unit 

ttf b TrueType Font 

txt a Textfile, lesbar 

tz b tar.Z, tar-Archiv, compress(1)-komprimiert 

uil b Motif UIL Icon 

uu a uuencoded File, ASCII, aber nicht lesbar 

uud a uuencoded File, ASCII, aber nicht lesbar 

uue a uuencoded File, ASCII, aber nicht lesbar 

vbe b kodiertes Visual-Basic-Skript 

vbs a Visual-Basic-skript 

vcf b Visiting Card File 

vdi b Digital Research GEM VDI 

vi b Jovian Logic Video Capture


viff b Khoros Visualization Image 

voc b Creative Labs Sound 

vort b VORT Raytracer Image 

wav b Microsoft Windows Sound (RIFF) 

web a WEB-Quelle 

wfx b Fax-File (Winfax) 

wma b Windows Media Audio 

wmf b Windows Metafile Format 

wpg a WordPerfect Graphics Metafile 

wps a Microsoft Works Textfile 

wri a Windows Textfile 

wsh ? MS Windows Scripting Host Skript 

x b SuperDisk Self-extracting Archive 

xbm b X11 Bitmap 

xim b X11 Xim Toolkit 

xls ? MS-Excel-Datei 

xos b Xaos Tools Image 

xpm b X11 Pixmap 

xv b Khoros Visualization Image 

xwd b X11 Dump Image 

y a yacc(1)-Quelle 

ybm b Face File 

yuv b Abekas YUV 

Z b mit compress(1) (UNIX) komprimiert 

z b mit GNU gzip komprimiert (veraltet, besser gz) 

zinc b Zinc Interface Library Icon 

zip b mit pkzip komprimiert 

zoo b mit zoo komprimiert 

Weitere Sammlungen von File-Kennungen finden sich im 

Netz unter: 

http://www.extsearch.com/ 

http://www.stack.com/ 

http://filext.com/ 

http://www.namext.net/ 

http://home.t-online.de/home/her-herrmann/Prgkenn.html 

Postscript- oder PDF-Files bestehen zwar aus ASCII-Zeichen 

und lassen sich auch editieren, sofern man die Sprache kennt, 

dürfen aber nur im binären Modus von FTP übertragen werden, 

um keine Zeichen zu verändern.

J UNIX-Systemaufrufe 

Systemaufrufe werden vom Anwendungsprogramm wie eigene 

oder fremde Funktionen angesehen. Ihrem Ursprung nach sind 

es auch C-Funktionen. Sie sind jedoch nicht Bestandteil einer 

Funktionsbibliothek, sondern gehören zum Betriebssystem und 

sind nicht durch andere Funktionen erweiterbar. 

Die Systemaufrufe – als Bestandteil des Betriebssystems 

– sind für alle Programmiersprachen dieselben, während die 

Funktionsbibliotheken zur jeweiligen Programmiersprache gehören. 

Folgende Systemaufrufe sind unter UNIX verfügbar: 

access prüft Zugriff auf File 

acct startet und stoppt Prozess Accounting 

alarm setzt Weckeruhr für Prozess 

atexit Funktion für Programmende 

brk ändert Speicherzuweisung 

chdir wechselt Arbeitsverzeichnis 

chmod ändert Zugriffsrechte eines Files 

chown ändert Besitzer eines Files 

chroot ändert Root-Verzeichnis 

close schließt einen File-Deskriptor 

creat öffnet File, ordnet Deskriptor zu 

dup dupliziert File-Deskriptor 

errno Fehlervariable der Systemaufrufe 

exec führt ein Programm aus 

exit beendet einen Prozess 

fcntl Filesteuerung 

fork erzeugt einen neuen Prozess 

fsctl liest Information aus File-System 

fsync schreibt File aus Arbeitsspeicher auf Platte 

getaccess ermittelt Zugriffsrechte 

getacl ermittelt Zugriffsrechte 

getcontext ermittelt Kontext eines Prozesses 

getdirentries ermittelt Verzeichnis-Einträge 

getgroups ermittelt Gruppenrechte eines Prozesses 

gethostname ermittelt Namen des Systems 

63

64 ANHANG J. UNIX-SYSTEMAUFRUFE 

getitimer setzt oder liest Intervall-Uhr 

getpid liest Prozess-ID 

gettimeofdayermittelt Zeit 

getuid liest User-ID des aufrufenden Prozesses 

ioctl I/O-Steuerung 

kill schickt Signal an einen Prozess 

link linkt ein File 

lockf setzt Semaphore und Record-Sperren 

lseek bewegt Schreiblesezeiger in einem File 

mkdir erzeugt Verzeichnis 

mknod erzeugt File 

mount hängt File-System in File-Hierarchie ein 

msgctl Interprozess-Kommunikation 

nice ändert die Priorität eines Prozesses 

open öffnet File zum Lesen oder Schreiben 

pause suspendiert Prozess bis zum Empfang eines Signals 

pipe erzeugt eine Pipe 

prealloc reserviert Arbeitsspeicher 

profil ermittelt Zeiten bei der Ausführung eines Programmes 

read liest aus einem File 

readlink liest symbolisches Link 

rename ändert Filenamen 

rmdir löscht Verzeichnis 

rtprio ändert Echtzeit-Priorität 

semctl Semaphore 

setgrp setzt Gruppen-Zugriffsrechte eines Prozesses 

setuid setzt User-ID eines Prozesses 

signal legt fest, was auf ein Signal hin zu tun ist 

stat liest die Inode eines Files 

statfs liest Werte des File-Systems 

symlink erzeugt symbolischen Link 

sync schreibt Puffer auf Platte 

szsconf ermittelt Systemwerte 

time ermittelt die Systemzeit 

times ermittelt Zeitverbrauch eines Prozesses 

truncate schneidet File ab 

umask setzt oder ermittelt Filezugriffsmaske 

umount entfernt Filesystem aus File-Hierarchie 

unlink löscht File 

ustat liest Werte des File-Systems

utime setzt Zeitstempel eines Files 

wait wartet auf Ende eines Kindprozesses 

write schreibt in ein File 

Die Aufzählung kann durch weitere Systemaufrufe des jeweiligen 

Lieferanten des Betriebssystems (z. B. Hewlett-Packard) 

ergänzt werden. Diese erleichtern das Programmieren, verschlechtern 

aber die Portabilität. Zu den meisten Systemaufrufen 

mit get... gibt es ein Gegenstück set..., das in einigen 

Fällen dem Superuser vorbehalten ist. 

65

K UNIX-Signale 

Die Default-Reaktion eines Prozesses auf die meisten Signale ist 

seine Beendigung; sie können aber abgefangen und umdefiniert 

werden. Die Signale 09, 24 und 26 können nicht abgefangen werden. 

Die Bezeichnungen sind nicht ganz einheitlich. Weiteres unter 

signal(2), signal(5) oder signal(7). 

Name Nr. Bedeutung 

SIGHUP 01 hangup 

SIGINT 02 interrupt (meist Break-Taste) 

SIGQUIT 03 quit 

SIGILL 04 illegal instruction 

SIGTRAP 05 trace trap 

SIGABRT 06 software generated abort 

SIGIOT 06 software generated signal 

SIGEMT 07 software generated signal 

SIGFPE 08 floating point exception 

SIGKILL 09 kill (sofortiger Selbstmord) 

SIGBUS 10 bus error 

SIGSEGV 11 segmentation violation 

SIGSYS 12 bad argument to system call 

SIGPIPE 13 write on a pipe with no one to read it 

SIGALRM 14 alarm clock 

SIGTERM 15 software termination (bitte Schluss machen) 

SIGUSR1 16 user defined signal 1 

SIGSTKFLT 16 stack fault on coprocessor 

SIGUSR2 17 user defined signal 2 

SIGCHLD 18 death of a child 

SIGCLD 18 = SIGCHLD 

SIGPWR 19 power fail 

SIGINFO 19 = SIGPWR 

SIGVTALRM 20 virtual timer alarm 

SIGPROF 21 profiling timer alarm 

SIGIO 22 asynchronous I/O signal 

SIGPOLL 22 = SIGIO 

SIGWINDOW 23 window change or mouse signal 

66

SIGSTOP 24 stop 

SIGTSTP 25 stop signal generated from keyboard 

SIGCONT 26 continue after stop 

SIGTTIN 27 background read attempt from control terminal 

SIGTTOU 28 background write attempt from control terminal 

SIGURG 29 urgent data arrived on an I/O channel 

SIGLOST 30 NFS file lock lost 

SIGXCPU 30 CPU time limit exceeded 

SIGXFSZ 31 file size limit exceeded 

Die Nr. 0 wird nicht für ein Signal verwendet. Wird sie dem 

Shell-Kommando trap übergeben, so ist damit das Ende der 

Shell (exit) gemeint. 

67

L Videomodi des Linux-Kerns 

Die dem VGA-Treiber im Linux-Kern bekannten Vidomodi werden 

durch Nummern bezeichnet, die sich aus den Nummern der 

VESA-Videomodi durch Addition von 0x200 (hexadezimal) ergeben. 

Mit der Angabe vga=791 in der GRUB-Konfigurationsdatei 

wird beispielsweise erreicht, dass der Kern den VGA-Treiber mit 

einer Auflösung von 1024 x 768 bei 16 Bit Farbtiefe (65536 Farben) 

startet. 

Tab. L.1: Einige Videomodi des Linux- 

Kerns 

Modus, hex. Modus, dez. Auflösung (Pixel) Farbtiefe (Bits) 

0x0300 768 640 x 400 8 

0x0301 769 640 x 480 8 

0x0303 771 800 x 600 8 

0x0305 773 1024 x 768 8 

0x0307 775 1280 x 1024 8 

0x030E 782 320 x 200 16 

0x030F 783 320 x 200 24 

0x0310 784 640 x 480 15 

0x0311 785 640 x 480 16 

0x0312 786 640 x 480 24 

0x0313 787 800 x 600 15 

0x0314 788 800 x 600 16 

0x0315 789 800 x 600 24 

0x0316 790 1024 x 768 15 

0x0317 791 1024 x 768 16 

0x0318 792 1024 x 768 24 

0x0319 793 1280 x 1024 15 

0x031A 794 1280 x 1024 16 

0x031B 795 1280 x 1024 24 

0x031C 796 1600 x 1200 8 

0x031D 797 1600 x 1200 15 

0x031E 798 1600 x 1200 16 

Fortsetzung 

68

Tab. L.1: (Fortsetzung) 

Modus, hex. Modus, dez. Auflösung (Pixel) Farbtiefe (Bits) 

0x031F 799 1600 x 1200 24 

0x0330 816 320 x 200 8 

0x0331 817 320 x 400 8 

0x0332 818 320 x 400 16 

0x0333 819 320 x 400 24 

0x0334 820 320 x 240 8 

0x0335 821 320 x 240 16 

0x0336 822 320 x 240 24 

0x033D 829 640 x 400 16 

0x033E 830 640 x 400 24 

0x0345 837 1600 x 1200 8 

0x0346 838 1600 x 1200 16 

0x0347 839 1400 x 1050 8 

0x0348 840 1400 x 1050 16 

0x0352 850 2048 x 1536 24 

69

M C-Lexikon 

M.1 Schlüsselwörter 

In C/C++ dürfen Schlüsselwörter keinesfalls als Namen verwendet 

werden. Laut ANSI verwendet C folgende Schlüsselwörter 

(Wortsymbole, keywords): 

• Deklaratoren 

– auto, Default-Speicherklasse (kann weggelassen werden) 

– char, Zeichentyp 

– const, Typattribut (neu in ANSI-C) 

– double, Typ Gleitkommazahl doppelter Genauigkeit 

– enum, Aufzählungstyp 

– extern, Speicherklasse 

– float, Typ Gleitkommazahl einfacher Genauigkeit 

– int, Typ Ganzzahl einfacher Länge 

– long, Typ Ganzzahl doppelter Länge 

– register, Speicherklasse Registervariable 

– short, Typ Ganzzahl halber Länge 

– signed, Typzusatz zu Ganzzahl oder Zeichen 

– static, Speicherklasse 

– struct, Strukturtyp 

– typedef, Definition eines benutzereigenen Typs 

– union, Typ Union 

– unsigned, Typzusatz zu Ganzzahl oder Zeichen 

– void, leerer Typ 

– volatile, Typattribut (neu in ANSI-C) 

• Schleifen und Bedingungen (Kontrollanweisungen) 

70

M.1. SCHLÜSSELWÖRTER 71 

– break, Verlassen einer Schleife 

– case, Fall einer Auswahl (switch) 

– continue, Rücksprung vor eine Schleife 

– default, Default-Fall einer Auswahl (switch) 

– do, Beginn einer do-Schleife 

– else, Alternative einer Verzweigung 

– for, Beginn einer for-Schleife 

– goto, unbedingter Sprung 

– if, Bedingung oder Beginn einer Verzweigung 

– switch, Beginn einer Auswahl 

– while, Beginn einer while-Schleife 

• Sonstige 

– return, Rücksprung in die aufrufende Einheit 

– sizeof, Bytebedarf eines Typs oder einer Variablen 

In C++ kommen laut BJARNE STROUSTRUP hinzu: 

• catch, Ausnahmebehandlung 

• class, Klassendeklaration 

• delete, Löschen eines Objektes 

• friend, Deklaration einer Funktion 

• inline, inline-Funktion 

• new, Erzeugen eines Objektes 

• operator, Überladen von Operatoren 

• private, Deklaration von Klassenmitgliedern 

• protected, Deklaration von Klassenmitgliedern 

• public, Deklaration von Klassenmitgliedern 

• template, Deklaration eines Templates (Klasse) 

• this, Pointer auf Objekt 

• throw, Ausnahmebehandlung 

• try, Ausnahmebehandlung 

• virtual, Deklaration

72 ANHANG M. C-LEXIKON 

Darüber hinaus verwenden einige Compiler weitere Schlüsselwörter: 

• asm, Assembler-Aufruf innerhalb einer C- oder C++-Quelle 

• bool, logischer oder boolescher Typ 

• cdecl, Aufruf einer Funktion nach C-Konventionen 

• const_cast, cast-Operator für const-Werte 

• dynamic_cast, cast-Operator 

• entry, (war in K&R-C für künftigen Gebrauch vorgesehen) 

• explicit, Konstruktor-Vereinbarung 

• export, Vereinbarung bei Klassen-Templates 

• false, boolesche Konstante 

• far, Typzusatz unter MS-DOS 

• fortran, Aufruf einer Funktion nach FORTRAN- 

Konventionen 

• huge, Typzusatz unter MS-DOS 

• mutable, Typattribut 

• namespace, Vereinbarung des Geltungsbereiches von Namen 

• near, Typzusatz unter MS-DOS 

• pascal, Aufruf einer Funktion nach PASCAL- 

Konventionen 

• reinterpret_cast, cast-Operator 

• static_cast, cast-Operator 

• true, boolesche Konstante 

• typeid, Operator zum Ermitteln des Typs 

• typename, Alternative zum Schlüsselwort class 

• using, Deklaration in Verbindung mit namespace 

• wchar_t, Typ (wide character literal)

M.2. OPERATOREN 73 

M.2 Operatoren 

Die Operatoren von C/C++ sind im folgenden ihrem Vorrang 

nach geordnet, höchster Rang (Bindungskraft) zuoberst. Alle 

Operatoren eines Abschnitts haben gleichen Rang. l bzw. r bedeutet 

von links bzw. rechts her assoziativ. Ein unärer Operator 

verlangt einen Operanden, ein binärer zwei und ein ternärer 

drei. 

Operator A - Bedeutung 

:: r unär Bezugsrahmen, global 

:: l binär Bezugsrahmen, Klasse 

:: l binär Bezugsrahmen, Namensraum 

( ) l unär Klammerung, Funktion 

[ ] l unär Index 

-> l binär Auswahl 

. l binär Auswahl 

++ r unär Postfix Inkrement 

-- r unär Postfix Dekrement 

typeid unär Typabfrage 

const_cast binär Typumwandlung 

dynamic_cast binär Typumwandlung 

reinterpret_cast binär Typumwandlung 

static_cast binär Typumwandlung 

sizeof r unär Größenabfrage 

++ r unär Präfix Inkrement 

-- r unär Präfix Dekrement 

~ r unär bitweise Negation 

! r unär logische Negation 

- r unär negatives Vorzeichen 

+ r unär positives Vorzeichen 

* r unär Dereferenzierung 

& r unär Referenzierung 

( ) r binär cast-Operator 

new r unär dynamische Speicherbelegung 

delete r unär dynamische Speicherfreigabe 

->* l binär Auswahl 

.* l binär Auswahl 

* l binär Multiplikation 

/ l binär Division


% l binär Modulus (Divisionsrest) 

+ l binär Addition 

- l binär Subtraktion 

> l binär bitweises Shiften rechts 

< l binär kleiner als 

l binär größer als 

>= l binär größer gleich 

== l binär Gleichheit 

!= l binär Ungleichheit 

& l binär bitweises Und 

^ l binär bitweises exklusives Oder 

| l binär bitweises Oder 

&& l binär logisches Und 

|| l binär logisches Oder 

?: l ternär bedingte Bewertung 

= r binär Zuweisung 

+=, -=, *=, /= r binär zusammengesetzte 

%=, >>=,

M.3. STANDARDFUNKTIONEN 75 

– iscntrl, prüft Zeichen, ob Kontrollzeichen 

– isdigit, prüft Zeichen, ob Ziffer 

– isgraph, prüft Zeichen, ob sichtbar 

– islower, prüft Zeichen, ob Kleinbuchstabe 

– isprint, prüft Zeichen, ob druckbar 

– ispunct, prüft Zeichen, ob Satzzeichen 

– isspace, prüft Zeichen, ob Whitespace 

– isupper, prüft Zeichen. ob Großbuchstabe 

– isxdigit, prüft Zeichen, ob hexadezimale Ziffer 

– tolower, wandelt Großbuchstaben in Kleinbuchstaben 

um 

– toupper, wandelt Kleinbuchstaben in Großbuchstaben 

um 

• Datenumwandlung 

– atof, wandelt String in double-Wert um 

– atoi, wandelt String in int-Wert um 

– atol, wandelt String in long-Wert um 

– strtod, wandelt String in double-Wert um 

– strtol, wandelt String in long-Wert um 

– strtoul, wandelt String in unsigned long-Wert um 

• Filebehandlung 

– remove, löscht File 

– rename, ändert Namen eines Files 

• Ein- und Ausgabe 

– clearerr, löscht Fehlermeldung eines Filepointers 

– fclose, schließt Filepointer 

– fflush, leert Puffer eines Filepointers 

– fgetc, liest Zeichen von Filepointer 

– fgetpos, ermittelt Stand des Lesezeigers 

– fgets, liest String von Filepointer


– fopen, öffnet Filepointer 

– fprintf, schreibt formatiert nach Filepointer 

– fputc, schreibt Zeichen nach Filepointer 

– fputs, schreibt String nach Filepointer 

– fread, liest Bytes von Filepointer 

– freopen, ersetzt geöffneten Filepointer 

– fscanf, liest formatiert von Filepointer 

– fseek, setzt Lesezeiger auf bestimmte Stelle 

– fsetpos, setzt Lesezeiger auf bestimmte Stelle 

– ftell, ermittelt Stellung des Lesezeigers 

– fwrite, schreibt Bytes nach Filepointer 

– getc, liest Zeichen von Filepointer 

– getchar, liest Zeichen von stdin 

– gets, liest String von Filepointer 

– printf, schreibt formatiert nach stdout 

– putc, schreibt Zeichen nach Filepointer 

– putchar, schreibt Zeichen nach stdout 

– puts, schreibt String nach Filepointer 

– rewind, setzt Lesezeiger auf Fileanfang 

– scanf, liest formatiert von stdin 

– setbuf, ordnet einem Filepointer einen Puffer zu 

– setvbuf, ordnet einem Filepointer einen Puffer zu 

– sprintf, schreibt formatiert in einen String 

– sscanf, liest formatiert aus einem String 

– tempnam, erzeugt einen temporären Filenamen 

– tmpfile, erzeugt ein temporäres File 

– ungetc, schreibt letztes gelesenes Zeichen zurück 

– vfprintf, schreibt formatiert aus einer Argumentenliste 

– vprintf, schreibt formatiert aus einer Argumentenliste

M.3. STANDARDFUNKTIONEN 77 

– vsprintf, schreibt formatiert aus einer Argumentenlsite 

• Mathematik 

– acos, arcus cosinus 

– asin, arcus sinus 

– atan, arcus tangens 

– atan2, arcus tangens, erweiterter Bereich 

– ceil, kleinste Ganzzahl 

– cos, cosinus 

– cosh, cosinus hyperbolicus 

– exp, Exponentialfunktion 

– fabs, Absolutwert, Betrag 

– floor, größte Ganzzahl 

– fmod, Divisionsrest 

– frexp, teilt Gleitkommazahl auf 

– ldexp, teilt Gleitkommazahl auf 

– log, Logarithmus naturalis 

– log10, dekadischer Logarithmus 

– modf, teilt Gleitkommazahl auf 

– pow, allgemeine Potenz 

– sin, sinus 

– sinh, sinus hyperbolicus 

– sqrt, positive Quadratwurzel 

– tan, tangens 

– tanh, tangens hyperbolicus 

• Speicherzuweisung 

– calloc, allokiert Speicher für Array 

– free, gibt allokierten Speicher frei 

– malloc, allokiert Speicher 

– realloc, ändert Größe des allokierten Speichers


• Prozesssteuerung 

– abort, erzeugt SIGABRT-Signal 

– atexit, Funktionsaufruf bei Programmende 

– exit, Programmende 

– raise, sendet Signal 

– signal, legt Antwort auf Siganl fest 

– system, übergibt Argument an Kommandointerpreter 

• Suchen und Sortieren 

– bsearch, binäre Suche 

– qsort, Quicksort 

• Stringbehandlung 

– strcat, verkettet Strings 

– strchr, sucht Zeichen in String 

– strcmp, vergleicht Strings 

– strcpy, kopiert String 

– strcspn, sucht Teilstring 

– strerror, verweist auf Fehlermeldung 

– strlen, ermittelt Stringlänge 

– strncat, verkettet n Zeichen von Strings 

– strncmp, vergleicht n Zeichen von Strings 

– strncpy, kopiert n Zeichen eines Strings 

– strpbrk, sucht Zeichen in String 

– strrchr, sucht Zeichen in String 

– strspn, ermittelt Länge eines Teilstrings 

– strstr, sucht Zeichen in String 

Dies sind alle Funktionen des ANSI-Vorschlags. Die meisten 

Compiler bieten darüberhinaus eine Vielzahl weiterer Funktionen, 

die das Programmieren erleichtern, aber die Portabilität 

verschlechtern.

M.4. PRINTF(3), SCANF(3) 79 

M.4 printf(3), scanf(3) 

printf(3) und scanf(3) sind die beiden Standardfunktionen 

zum Ein- und Ausgeben von Daten. Wichtiger Unterschied: 

printf(3) erwartet Variable, scanf(3) Pointer. Die Formatbezeichner 

stimmen weitgehend überein: 

Bezeichner Typ Beispiel Bedeutung 

%c char a Zeichen 

%s char * Karlsruhe String 

%d int -1234 dezimale Ganzzahl mit Vorzeichen 

%i int -1234 dezimale Ganzzahl mit Vorzeichen 

%u unsigned 1234 dezimale Ganzzahl ohne Vorzeich 

%ld long 1234 dezimal Ganzzahl doppelter Läng 

%f double 12.34 Gleitkommazahl mit Vorzeichen 

%e double 1.234 E 1 Gleitkommazahl, Exponentialform 

%g double 12.34 kurze Darstellung von %e oder %f 

%o unsigned octal 2322 oktale Ganzzahl ohne Vorzeichen 

%x unsigned hex 4d2 hexadezimale Ganzzahl o. Vorzeic 

%p void * 68ff32e4 Pointer 

%% - % Prozentzeichen 

Weiteres im Referenz-Handbuch unter printf(3) oder 

scanf(3). Länge, Bündigkeit, Unterdrückung führender 

Nullen, Vorzeichenangabe können festgelegt werden. 

M.5 Include-Dateien 

Die Standard-Include-Dateien enthalten in lesbarer Form Definitionen 

von Konstanten und Typen, Deklarationen von Funktionen 

und Makrodefinitionen. Sie werden von Systemaufrufen 

und Bibliotheksfunktionen benötigt. Bei der Beschreibung 

jeder Funktion im Referenz-Handbuch ist angegeben, welche 

Include-Dateien jeweils eingebunden werden müssen. Gebräuchliche 

Include-Dateien sind: 

• ctype.h, Definition von Zeichenklassen (conv(3)) 

• curses.h, Bildschirmsteuerung (curses(3)) 

• errno.h, Fehlermeldungen des Systems (errno(2))


• fcntl.h, Steuerung des Dateizugriffs 

(fcntl(2), open(2)) 

• malloc.h, Speicherallokierung (malloc(3)) 

• math.h, mathematische Funktionen 

(log(3), sqrt(3), floor(3)) 

• memory.h, Speicherfunktionen (memory(3)) 

• search.h, Suchfunktionen (bsearch(3)) 

• signal.h, Signalbehandlung (signal(2)) 

• stdio.h, Ein- und Ausgabe 

(printf(3), scanf(3), fopen(3)) 

• string.h, Stringbehandlung (string(3)) 

• time.h, Zeitfunktionen (ctime(3)) 

• varargs.h, Argumentenliste variabler Länge 

(vprintf(3)) 

• sys/ioctl.h, Ein- und Ausgabe (ioctl(2)) 

• sys/stat.h, Zugriffsrechte (chmod(2), mkdir(2), stat(2)) 

• sys/types.h , verschiedene Deklarationen 

(chmod(2), getut(3)) 

Auch diese Liste ist vom Compiler und damit von der Hardware 

abhängig. So findet man die include-Datei dos.h nicht auf 

UNIX-Anlagen, sondern nur bei Compilern unter MS-DOS für 

PCs. 

M.6 Präprozessor-Anweisungen 

Der erste Schritt beim Compilieren ist die Bearbeitung des 

Quelltextes durch den Präprozessor. Dieser entfernt den Kommentar 

und führt Ersetzungen und Einfügungen gemäß der folgenden 

Anweisungen (directives) aus: 

• #define buchstäbliche Ersetzung einer symbolischen Konstanten 

oder eines Makros. Ist kein Ersatz angegeben, wird 

nur der Name als definiert angesehen (für #ifdef). Häufig. 

• #undefine löscht die Definition eines Namens. 

• #error führt zu einer Fehlermeldung des Präprozessors.

M.6. PRÄPROZESSOR-ANWEISUNGEN 81 

• #include zieht die angegebene Datei herein. Häufig. 

• #if, #else, #elif, #endif falls Bedingung zutrifft, 

werden die nachfolgenden Präprozessor-Anweisungen ausgeführt. 

• #ifdef, #ifndef falls der angegebene Name definiert 

bzw. nicht definiert ist, werden die nachfolgenden 

Präprozessor-Anweisungen ausgeführt. 

• #line führt bei Fehlermeldungen zu einem Sprung auf die 

angegebenen Zeilennummer. 

• #pragma veranlaßt den Präprozessor zu einer systemabhängigen 

Handlung.

N Slang im Netz 

Diese Sammlung von im Netz vorkommenden Slang- 

Abkürzungen ist ein Auszug aus der Abklex-Liste: 

http://www.ciw.uni-karlsruhe.de/abklex.html 

mit rund 9000 Abkürzungen aus Informatik und Telekommunikation. 

2L8 Too Late 

AAMOF As A Matter Of Fact 

AFAIAA As Far As I Am Aware 

AFAIC As Far As I am Concerned 

AFAIK As Far As I Know 

AFAIKT As Far As I Know Today 

AFAIR As Far As I Remember 

AFJ April Fool’s Joke 

AFK Away From Keyboard 

AIMB As I Mentioned Before 

AISI As I See It 

AIUI As I Understand It 

AKA Also Known As 

AMBW All My Best Wishes 

ANFSCD And Now For Something Completely Different 

APOL Alternate Person On Line 

ASAP As Soon As Possible 

ATFSM Ask The Friendly System Manager 

ATM At The Moment 

ATST At The Same Time 

ATT At This Time 

AWA A While Ago 

AWB A While Back 

AWGTHTGTTA Are We Going To Have To Go Through This Again? 

AWHFY Are We Having Fun Yet? 

AYOR At Your Own Risc 

AYST Are You Still There? 

B4 Before 

82

B4N Bye For Now 

BAK Back At Keyboard 

BBL Be Back Later 

BBR Burnt Beyond Recognition 

BCNU Be Seeing You 

BFBI Brute Force and Bloody Ignorance 

BFI Brute Force and Ignorance 

BFMI Brute Force and Massive Ignorance 

BFN Bye For Now 

BG Big Grin 

BHOF Bald Headed Old Fart 

BION Believe It Or Not 

BITD Back In The Day 

BM Byte Me 

BNF Big Name Fan 

BNFSCD But Now For Something Completely Different 

BOF Birds Of a Feather 

BOFS Birds Of a Feather Session 

BOT Back On Topic 

BRB Be Right Back 

BSF But Seriously Folks 

BTA But Then Again 

BTAIM Be That As It May 

BTC Biting The Carpet 

BTDT Been There Done That 

BTHOM Beats The Hell Outta Me 

BTIC But Then, I’am Crazy 

BTK Back To Keyboard 

BTSOOM Beats The Shit Out Of Me 

BTW By The Way 

BYKT But You Knew That 

CMH Cross My Heart 

CMIIW Correct Me If I’m Wrong 

CU See You 

CU2 See You, Too 

CUL See You Later 

CYA Cover Your Ass 

CYL See You Later 

D+C Duck + Cover 

DAU Dümmster Anzunehmender User 

83

84 ANHANG N. SLANG IM NETZ 

DHRVVF Ducking, Hiding and Running Very Very Fast 

DILLIGAS Do I Look Like I Give A Shit 

DIY Do It Yourself 

DLTM Don’t Lie To Me 

DSH Desparately Seeking Help 

DUCWIC Do You See Waht I See 

DWIM Do What I Mean 

DWISNWID Do What I Say Not What I Do 

DYHWIH Do You Hear What I Hear 

E2EG Ear To Ear Grin 

EG Evil Grin 

EMFBI Excuse Me For Butting In 

EOD End Of Discussion 

ESOSL Endless Snorts Of Stupid Laughter 

ETOL Evil Twin On Line 

F2F Face to Face 

FA For Auction 

FAFWOA For A Friend Without Access 

FB Fine Business 

FCFS First Come First Served 

FHS For Heaven’s Sake 

FIAWOL Fandom Is A Way Of Life 

FISH First In, Still Here 

FITB Fill In The Blank 

FITNR Fixed In The Next Release 

FOAF Friend Of A Friend 

FTASB Faster Than A Speeding Bullet 

FTL Faster Than Light 

FUBAR Fouled Up Beyond All Repair/Recognition 

FUBB Fouled Up Beyond Belief 

FUD (spreading) Fear, Uncertainty, and Disinformation 

FWIW For What It’s Worth 

FYA For Your Amusement 

GA Go Ahead 

GAFIA Get Away From It All 

GAL Get A Life 

GDR Grinning, Ducking and Running 

GDRVVF Grinning, Ducking and Running Very, Very Fast 

GFC Going for Coffee 

GIGO Garbage In, Garbage/Gospel Out

GIWIST Gee I Wish I’d Said That 

GOK God Only Knows 

GR+D Grinning, Running + Ducking 

HAK Hugs And Kisses 

HAND Have A Nice Day 

HGZH Hoffe Geholfen Zu Haben 

HHOK Ha Ha Only Kidding 

HHOS Ha Ha Only Serious 

HSIK How Should I Know 

HTH Hope This/That Helps 

IAC In Any Case 

IAE In Any Event 

IANAL I Am Not A Lawyer 

IBC Inadequate But Cute 

IBTD I Beg To Differ 

IC I See 

IC In Characters 

ICOCBW I Could, Of Course, Be Wrong 

ICQ I Seek You 

IDC I Don’t Care 

IDST I Didn’t Say That 

IDTS I Don’t Think So 

IIRC If I Remember Correctly 

IITYWYBMADIf I Tell You Will You Buy Me Another Drink? 

IIWM If It Were Me/Mine 

ILLAB Ich Liege Lachend Am Boden, vgl. ROTFL 

IMAO In My Arrogant Opinion 

IMCO In My Considered Opinion 

IME In My Experience 

IMHO In My Humble Opinion 

IMI I Mean It 

IMNSCO In My Not So Considered Opinion 

IMNSHO In My Not So Humble Opinion 

IMO In My Opinion 

IMOBO In My Own Biased Opinion 

INPO In No Particular Order 

IOW In Other Words 

IRAS I Really Am Sorry 

IRL In Real Life 

ISBT It’s Strange But True 

85


ISTM It Seems To Me 

ISTR I Seem To Remember 

IUTY It’s Up To You 

IWBNI It Would Be Nice If 

IYSWIM If You See What I Mean 

ISWYM I See What You Mean 

JAM Just A Minute 

JAUA Just Another Useless Answer 

JIC Just In Case 

JJ Just Joking 

JSNM Just Stark Naked Magic 

KIBO Knowledge In, Bullshit Out 

KWIM Know What I Mean? 

LLP Live Long and Prosper 

LLTA Lots and Lots of Thundering Applause 

LMAO Laughing My Ass Off 

LOL Laughing Out Loud 

LOL Lots Of Luck 

LTNS Long Time No See 

MDA Merci d’avance 

MHOTY My Hat’s Off To You 

MNRE Manual Not Read Error 

MOTAS Member Of The Appropriate Sex 

MTFBWY May The Force Be With You 

MUSEN Meinem Unmassgeblichen Sprachempfinden Nach 

MYOB Mind Your Own Business 

NBD No Big Deal 

NCNCNC No Coffee, No Chocolate, No Computer 

NFI No Frigging Idea 

NFW No Fucking Way 

NIMBY Not In My Backyard 

NLA Not Long Ago 

NLMB Nolifemuddinbastard 

NN Nightmare Networker 

NRN No Reply Necessary 

NSO Nonvirtual Significant Other 

NTTAWWT Not That There’s Anything Wrong With That 

OAO Over And Out 

OATUS On A Totally Unrelated Subject 

OAUS On An Unrelated Subject

OBTW Oh, By The Way 

OBO Or Best Offer 

OFAB Old Fart At Play 

OIC Oh, I See 

ONNA Oh No, Not Again 

ONNTA Oh No, Not This Again 

OOC Out Of Characters 

OOP Out Of Print 

OOTB Out Of The Box 

OOTC Obligatory On-Topic Comment 

OT Off Topic 

OTL Out To Lunch 

OTOH On The Other Hand 

OTTH On The Third Hand 

PDQ Pretty Darned Quick 

PEBKAC Problem Exists Between Keyboard And Chair 

PFM Pure Fantastic Magic 

PITA Pine In The Ass 

PMETC Pardon Me, etc. 

PMFJIB Pardon Me For Jumping In But 

POV Point Of View 

PTO Please Turn Over 

RAEBNC Read And Enjoyed, But No Comment 

RL Real Life 

ROFBTC Rolling On the Floor Biting The Carpet 

ROFL Rolling On the Floor Laughing 

ROFLASTC Rolling On the Floor Laughing And Scaring The Cat 

ROFLMAO Rolling On The Floor Laughing My Ass Off 

ROTFL Rolling On The Floor Laughing 

RSN Real Soon Now 

RTFAQ Read The FAQ 

RTFB Read The Funny Binary 

RTFF Read The Fantastic FAQ 

RTFM Read The Fine/Fantastic/Funny ... Manual 

RTFS Read The Funny Source 

RTM Read The Manual 

RTWFQ Read The Whole Fantastic Question 

RUOK Are You Ok 

RYS Read Your Screen 

SCNR Sorry, Could Not Resist 

87


SEP Somebody Else’s Problem 

SFMJI Sorry For My Jumping In 

SIASL Stranger In A Strange Land 

SIMCA Sitting In My Chair Amused 

SITD Still In The Dark 

SNAFU Situation Normal All Fed/Fucked Up 

TABYAS Thinking All But You Are Stupid 

TAFN That’s All For Now 

TANJ There Ain’t No Justice 

TANSTAAFLThere Ain’t No Such Things As A Free Lunch 

TARFU Things Are Really Fouled Up 

TBH To Be Honest 

TFTT Thanks For The Thought 

TGAL Think Globally, Act Locally 

TGIF Thank God It’s Friday 

THWLAIAS The Hour Was Late, And I Am Senile 

TIA Thanks In Advance 

TIC Tongue In Cheek 

TINAR This Is Not A Recommendation/Review 

TINWIS That Is Not What I Said 

TMTOWTDI There’s More Than One Way To Do It 

TNX Thanks 

TOJ Tears Of Joy 

TPTB The Powers That Be 

TRDMC Tears Running Down My Cheeks 

TSOHF Total Sense Of Humour Failure 

TTBOMK To The Best Of My Knowledge 

TTFN Ta Ta For Now 

TTT That’s The Truth 

TTYL Type/Talk To You Later 

TWIU That’s What I Understand/Understood 

TYCLO Turn Your Caps Lock Off 

TYVM Thank You Very Much 

UDP Usenet Death Penalty 

UL Urban Legend 

UTSL Use The Source, Luke 

VBG Very Big Grin 

VL Virtual Life 

WAB What Another Bill 

WAMKSAM Why Are My Kids Staring At Me?

WDYMBT What Do You Mean By That 

WDYS What Did You Say 

WHAK With Hugs And Kisses 

WIBNI Would It Be Nice If 

WIMRE Wenn Ich Mich Recht Erinnere 

WMRS Write Me Real Soon 

WOMBAT Waste Of Money, Brains, And Time 

WRT With Regard/Respect To 

WT Without Thinking 

WTB Wanted To Buy 

WTH What The Heck/Hell 

WTT Wanted To Trade 

WTTM Without Thinking Too Much 

WTTF Want To Test First 

WWG Wieder Was Gelernt 

WYS Whatever You Say 

YKWIS You Know What I’m Saying 

YMMV Your Mileage May Vary 

YTTT You Telling The Truth 

89

O Beispiele LaTeX 

O.1 Textbeispiel 

% (Kommentar) Erste Hilfe zum Arbeiten mit LaTeX 

% 

% Das Prozentzeichen leitet Kommentar ein, gilt 

% bis Zeilenende. Um ein Prozentzeichen in den Text 

% einzugeben, muss man folglich einen Backslash 

% davor setzen. Dasselbe gilt fuer Dollar, Ampersand, 

% Doppelkreuz, Unterstrich und geschweifte 

% Klammern. Diese Zeichen kommen in Befehlen vor. 

% 

% Format: LaTeX 

\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e} 

% Die meisten Befehle beginnen mit einem Backslash. 

% 

% Es gibt die Klassen Buch, Bericht (Report), Artikel, 

% Brief, Folien und weitere. Bericht und Artikel 

% sind die wichtigsten. 

% Je nach Font und Schriftgroesse Zeilen auskommentieren! 

% 

% 12 Punkte, doppelseitig, Times Roman (wie Buch) 

% \documentclass[12pt,twoside,a4paper]{article} 

% \usepackage{german} 

% \unitlength1.0mm 

% 

% 12 Punkte, einseitig, New Century Schoolbook 

\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article} 

\usepackage{german,newcent,verbatim} 

\unitlength1.0mm 

% Der Befehl \sloppy weist LaTeX an, mit den 

% Wortabstaenden nicht zu kleinlich zu sein. 

90

O.1. TEXTBEISPIEL 91 

\sloppy 

% Trennhilfe (Liste von Ausnahmen) 

\input{hyphen} 

% Satzspiegel vergroessern: 

\topmargin-24mm 

\textwidth180mm 

\textheight240mm 

% zusaetzlicher Seitenrand fuer beidseitigen Druck: 

\oddsidemargin-10mm 

\evensidemargin-10mm 

% Jetzt kommt der erste Text: Titel, Autor und Datum 

\title{Erste Hilfe beim Arbeiten mit LaTeX} 

\author{W. Alex} 

\date{\today} 

% Hier beginnt das eigentliche Dokument 

\begin{document} 

% Befehl zum Erzeugen des Titels 

\maketitle 

% Nun kommt der erste Abschnitt (section). 

% Die Ueberschrift steht in geschweiften Klammern. 

% Es gibt auch Unterabschnitte. 

\section{Zweck} 

LATeX ist ein {\em Satzsystem}. Mit seiner Hilfe 

lassen sich Texte zur Ausgabe auf Papier formatieren,

92 ANHANG O. BEISPIELE LATEX 

vorzugsweise zur Ausgabe mittels eines Laserdruckers. 

Es gibt Hilfsprogramme zur Anfertigung von Zeichnungen. 

Ferner ist es m"oglich, beliebige Postscript-Abbildungen 

einzubinden, also auch Fotos. 

LaTeX ist eine Makro-Sammlung von {\sc Leslie Lamport}, 

die auf dem TeX-System von {\sc Donald Knuth} aufbaut. 

TeX und LaTex sind frei verf"ugbar, in Deutschland zum 

Beispiel bei der Universit"at Heidelberg (Dante e. V.). 

\section{Aufbau des Textfiles} 

Schreiben Sie Ihr Textfile mit einem beliebigen Editor, 

beispielsweise mit dem \verb+vi+, \verb+emacs+ oder 

\verb+joe+. Ein Textfile hat folgenden Aufbau: 

% Hier ein woertlich auszugebender Text 

\begin{verbatim} 

% Kommentar (optional) 

\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article} 

\usepackage{german,verbatim} 

\begin{document} 

Text 

\end{document} 

\end{verbatim} 

Schreiben Sie den Text ohne Worttrennungen und ohne 

Numerierungen. Zeilenwechsel haben keine Bedeutung 

f"ur LaTeX, bevorzugen Sie kurze Zeilen. Abs"atze 

werden durch Leerzeilen markiert. 

Die deutschen Umlaute werden als G"ansef"u\3chen mit 

folgendem Grundlaut geschrieben, das \3 als Backslash 

mit folgender Ziffer 3. Es gibt weitere M"oglichkeiten, 

auch f"ur die Sonderzeichen anderer Sprachen. 

\section{Mathematische Formeln} 

Eine St"arke von LaTeX ist die Darstellung

O.1. TEXTBEISPIEL 93 

mathematischer Formeln. Hier drei nicht ganz 

einfache Beispiele: 

\boldmath 

\begin{equation} 

c = \sqrt{a^{2} + {b}^2} 

\end{equation} 


\oint \vec E\:d\vec s = - \frac {\,\partial}{\partial t} 

\int \vec B \:d\vec A 



\frac{1}{2 \pi j} \int\limits_{x-j\infty}^{x+j\infty} 

e^{ts} \:f(s)\:ds = 

\left\{\begin{array}{r@{\quad \mbox{f"ur} \quad}l} 

0 & t < 0\\ 

F(t) & t > 0 

\end{array} \right. 


\unboldmath 

\section{Schriftgr"o\3en} 

Ausgehend von der Grundgr"o\3e lassen sich f"ur 

einzelne Zeilen oder Abschnitte die Schriftgr"o\3en 

verkleinern oder vergr"o\3ern: 

{\tiny Diese Schrift ist winzig (tiny).} 

{\scriptsize Diese ist sehr klein (scriptsize).} 

{\footnotesize F"ur Fu\3noten (footnotesize).} 

{\small Diese Schrift ist klein (small).} 

{\normalsize Diese Schrift ist normal.}


{\large Jetzt wirds gr"o\3er (large).} 

{\Large Jetzt wirds noch gr"o\3er (Large).} 

{\LARGE Noch gr"o\3er (LARGE).} 

{\huge Riesige Schrift (huge).} 

{\Huge Gigantisch (Huge).} \\ 

\noindent 

Formeln lassen sich nicht vergr"o\3ern oder 

verkleinern. Zur"uck zur Normalgr"o\3e. Diese 

betr"agt auf DIN A4 am besten 12 Punkte. 

10 oder 11 Punkte sind auch m"oglich, aber schon 

etwas unbequem zu lesen. Weiterhin kann man "uber 

die Schriftart die Lesbarkeit beeinflussen. 

Standard ist die Times Roman, eine gut lesbare, 

platzsparende Schrift. Soll es etwas deutlicher 

sein, so ist die New Century Schoolbook zu 

empfehlen, die rund 10 \% mehr Platz beansprucht. 

\section{Arbeitsg"ange} 

Die Reihenfolge der einzelnen Schritte ist folgende: 

% Aufzaehlungen sind kein Problem, wie man sieht. 

\begin{itemize} 

\item mit einem Editor das File \verb+abc.tex+ schreiben, 

\item mit \verb+latex abc+ das File formatieren, 

\item mit \verb+latex abc+ Referenzen einsetzen, 

\item mit \verb+xdvi abc+ den formatierten Text anschauen, 

\item mit \verb+dvips -o abc.ps abc+ das Postscript-File 

erzeugen, 

\item mit \verb+lp -dlp4 abc.ps+ das Postscript-File 

zum Drucker schicken. 

\end{itemize} 

LaTeX erzeugt dabei einige Zwischen- und Hilfsfiles.

O.2. GELATEXTE FORMELN 95 

\section{Literatur} 

\begin{enumerate} 

\item L. Lamport, LaTeX: A Document Preparation System\\ 

Addison-Wesley, 1986 

\item H. Kopka, LaTeX - Eine Einf"uhrung\\ 

Addison-Wesley, 1988 

\item H. Partl, E. Schlegl, I. Hyna: 

LaTeX-Kurz\-be\-schrei\-bung\\ 

EDV-Zentrum der TU Wien 

\end{enumerate} 

% Nun kommt das Ende des Dokuments: 

\end{document} 

O.2 Gelatexte Formeln 

c = � a 2 + b 2 (O.1) 

3√ x 

1 + x ≈ 1 + 

3 

für x ≪ 1 (O.2) 

r = 3 

� 

3 

V 

4π 

(O.3) 

a = F0 

k 

sin x 

lim 

x→0 x 

� 

(1 − Ω2 

ω 2 0 

= 1 (O.4) 

1 

) 2 + ( Ωc 

k )2 

(O.5) 

m¨x + c ˙x + kx = � 

Fk cos Ωkt (O.6) 

k 

Θ d2ϕ + k∗dϕ 

dt2 dt + D∗ϕ = | � D| (O.7) 

¯Y ≈ f(¯x) + 1 

2 

N − 1 

N f ′′ (¯x) s 2 x (O.8)


� 

� � 

j≥0 

1 

2πj 

k≥0 

� 

ajkz k 

x+j∞ 

x−j∞ 

�FΓ = − ΓmM 

r 2 

�er = − ΓmM 

�r (O.9) 

r3 � 

Arbeit = lim �Fi∆�ri 

∆ri→0 

= 

��r(t) 

�r0 

� 

= � 

z n 

⎛ 

⎜ 

⎝ 

Ψ = 

⎛ 

⎜ 

⎝ 

n≥0 

⎛ 

�x = ⎝ 

�F (�r ) d�r (O.10) 

� 

h 0 ,k 1 ...≥0 

k 0 +k 1 +···=0 

x − xs 

y − ys 

z − zs 

� � 

ab e + f 

cd 

ℜz 

g� − �h 

� 

� 

ij � 

� 

�kl 

� 

dEω = V ¯h 

� 

π 2 c 3ω3 · e 

�E d�s = − ∂ 

∂t 

e ts � 

f(s) ds = 

� � 

n + 1 

= 

k 

� 

⎞ 

a0ko 

⎞ 

⎟ 

a1k1 . . . ⎠ (O.11) 

⎠ (O.12) 

⎞ 

⎟ 

⎠ 

(O.13) 1 

− ¯hω 

T · dω (O.14) 

�B d � A (O.15) 

0 für t < 0 

F (t) für t > 0 

� � � � 

n n 

+ 

k k − 1 

(O.16) 

(O.17) 

1 Fette Griechen gibt es nur als Großbuchstaben. Die Erzeugung 

dieser Fußnote war übrigens nicht einfach.

O.2. GELATEXTE FORMELN 97 

∀x ∈ R : x 2 ≥ 0 (O.18) 

∀x, y, z ∈ M : (xRy ∧ xRz) ⇒ y = z (O.19) 

ρ · ¯vk · ∂¯vj 

∂xk 

ˆχ 2 = 

∂ ¯p 

= − 

∂xj 

A · B = Ā + ¯ B (O.20) 

r ′ = 

+ ∂ 

� 

µ 

∂xk 

∂¯vj 

∂xk 

v ′ 1 v′ 2 

� ¯ 

v ′2 

1 

τtur = ρl 2 | 

� ¯ 

v ′2 

2 

∂ ¯v1 

| 

∂x2 

∂ ¯v1 

∂x2 

− ρ v ′ k v′ j 

¨R = 1 

Ψ (Vr − ˙ R) + R ˙ Φ 2 

¨Φ = � 1 

Ψ (Vϕ − R ˙ Φ) − 2 ˙ R ˙ Φ � 1 

R 

¨Z = 1 

Ψ (VZ − ˙ Z) 

n(n − 1) 

B(n − B) 

V (r, ϑ, ϕ) = 

∞� 

l=0 

k� (Bi − Ei) 2 

i=1 

4π 

2l + 1 

ni 

l� 

m=−l 

� 

> χ 2 k−1;α 

Yl,mϑ, ϕ) 

ql,m 

rl+1 (O.21) 

(O.22) 

(O.23) 

(O.24) 

(O.25) 

(O.26)


q ′ l ′ ,m ′ = 

∞� 

o=0 p=−o 

∇±1 

= 

o� 

∞� 

l=0 

∞� 

l=0 

⎛ 

⎜ 

�q = ⎜ 

⎝ 

q0,0 

q1,1 

q1,0 

q1,−1 

q2,2 

q2,1 

q2,0 

q2,−1 

q2,−2 

⎞ 

⎟ 

⎠ 

no,p qo,p (∇)l ′ +o,m ′ −p;o,p 

ql,m = −q ′ l,mR 2l+1 

4π 

2l + 1 

Yl ′ +o,m ′ −p(ϑa, ϕa) 

a l′ +o+1 

l(ɛi − ɛa) 

l(ɛa + ɛi) + ɛa 

�q ′ 1,1 = �q ′ 1,0 + I2,1 �q ′ 2,0 

�q ′ 2,1 = �q ′ 2,0 + I1,2 �q ′ 1,0 

4π 

2l + 1 

l� 

m=−l 

l� 

m=−l 

ql,m 

Yl,m(ϑ, ϕ) 

r l+1 

( ˜ 

∇±1)l,m ql,m 

123 

� �� 

a + b + · · · + y +z 

� �� 

αβγ 

Yl+1,m±1(ϑ, ϕ) 

r l+2 

Lange Formeln muß man selbst in Zeilen auflösen: 

(O.27) 

(O.28) 

(O.29) 

(O.30) 

(O.31) 

(O.32) 

w + x + y + z = 

a + b + c + d + e + f + (O.33) 

g + h + i + j + k + l

O.3. FORMELN IM QUELLTEXT 99 

N+1 = 

⎛ 

⎜ 

⎝ 

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

( ˜ ∇+)0,0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

0 ( ˜ ∇+)1,1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

0 0 ( ˜ ∇+)1,0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

0 0 0 ( ˜ ∇+)1,−1 0 0 0 0 0 

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

0 0 0 0 ( ˜ ∇+)2,2 0 0 0 0 

0 0 0 0 0 ( ˜ ∇+)2,1 0 0 0 

0 0 0 0 0 0 ( ˜ ∇+)2,0 0 0 

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ( ˜ ∇+)2,−1 0 

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ( ˜ ∇+)2 

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wie man an Gleichung (O.24) auf Seite 97 sieht, muß man 

erforderlichenfalls bei einem Gleichungssystem (eqnarray) mittels 

des Kommandos \nonumber dafür sorgen, daß es nur eine 

einzige, gemeinsame Nummer erhält. Zugleich ist dies hier ein 

Beispiel für einen Bezug auf eine Gleichung. 

O.3 Formeln im Quelltext 


c = \sqrt{a^{2} + b^{2}} 



\sqrt[3]{1 + x} \approx 1 + \frac{x}{3} 

\qquad \mbox{f"ur} \quad x \ll 1 



r = \root 3 \of {\frac{3}{4\pi} V}




\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sin x}{x} = 1 



a = \frac{F_0}{k}\:\frac{1}{\sqrt{(1 - \frac{\Omega^2} 

{\omega_0^2})^2 + (\frac{\Omega_c}{k})^2}} 



m\ddot x + c\dot x + kx = \sum_k F_k \cos \Omega_k t 



\Theta \frac{d^2 \varphi}{dt^2} + k^\ast \frac{d \varphi}{dt} 

+ D^\ast \varphi = | \vec D | 



\bar{Y} \approx f(\bar x) + \frac{1}{2}\, \frac{N - 1}{N} 

\,f’’(\bar{x})\,s_x^2 



\vec{F_\Gamma} = - \frac{\Gamma m M}{r^2} \vec{e_r} = 

- \frac{\Gamma m M}{r^3} \vec{r} 


\begin{eqnarray} 

\mbox{Arbeit} & = & \lim_{\Delta r_i \to 0} \sum 

{\vec F_i \Delta \vec r_i}\nonumber \\ 

& = & \int\limits_{\vec r_0}^{\vec r(t)} 

{\vec F(\vec r\,)\:d\vec r} 

\end{eqnarray} 


\prod_{j\ge0}\left( \sum_{k\ge0} a_{jk}z^k \right) = 

\sum_{n \ge0} z^n \left(\sum_{h_0,k_1\ldots\ge0


\atop k_0+k_1+\cdots=0} 

a_{0k_o} a_{1k_1}\ldots \right) 



\vec x = 

\left( \begin{array}{c} 

x - x_s \\ 

y - y_s \\ 

z - z_s \\ 

\end{array} \right) 


\begin{minipage}{120mm} 

\begin{displaymath} 

{\bf\Psi} = \left( \begin{array}{cc} 

\displaystyle{ab \choose cd} 

& \displaystyle \frac{e+f}{g-h} \\ 

\Re z & \displaystyle \left| {ij \atop kl} \right| 


\end{displaymath} 

\end{minipage} 

\stepcounter{equation} 

\hspace*{\fill} (\theequation)\makebox[0pt][l]{\footnotema 

\footnotetext{Fette Griechen gibt es nur als Gro\3buchstab 

Die Erzeugung dieser Fu\3note war "ubrigens nicht einfach. 

\vspace{1mm} 


dE_\omega = V \frac{\hbar}{\pi^2 c^3}\omega^3 \cdot 

e ^{-\frac{\hbar \omega} {T}} \cdot d\omega 



\oint \vec E\:d\vec s = - \frac {\,\partial}{\partial t} 

\int \vec B \:d\vec A 



\frac{1}{2 \pi j} \int\limits_{x-j\infty}^{x+j\infty}


e^{ts} \:f(s)\:ds = 

\left\{\begin{array}{r@{\quad \mbox{f"ur} \quad}l} 

0 & t < 0\\ 

F(t) & t > 0 

\end{array} \right. 



{n+1 \choose k} = {n \choose k} + {n \choose k-1} 



\mbox{ 

\fbox{\parbox{60mm}{\begin{displaymath} 

\forall x \in {\rm R}: \qquad x^2 \geq 0 

\end{displaymath}}}} 


\vspace{1mm} 


\forall x,y,z \in {\rm M}: \qquad (xRy \wedge xRz) 

\Rightarrow y = z 



A \cdot B = \overline{\bar A + \bar B} 



\rho \cdot \bar{v}_k \cdot \frac{\partial \bar{v}_j} 

{\partial{x}_k} = - \frac{\partial \bar{p}} 

{\partial x_j} + \frac{\partial}{\partial x_k} 

\left( \mu \frac{\partial \bar{v}_j}{\partial x_k} 

- \rho\:\overline{v’_k v’_j} \right) 



r’ = \frac{\overline{v’_1 v’_2}}{\sqrt{\bar{v’^2_1}} 

\: \sqrt{\bar{v’^2_2}}} 

\end{equation}



\tau_{tur} = \rho l^2 \; | \frac{\partial \bar{v_1}} 

{\partial x_2} | \; \frac{\partial \bar{v_1}}{\partial x_2 



\label{formel} 

\ddot R & = & \frac{1}{\Psi} ( V_r - \dot R) 

+ R {\dot \Phi}^2 \nonumber\\ 

\ddot \Phi & = & \big\lbrack \frac{1}{\Psi} 

(V_\varphi - R \dot \Phi ) 

- 2 \dot R \dot \Phi \big\rbrack \frac{1}{R} \\ 

\ddot Z & = & \frac{1}{\Psi}(V_Z-\dot Z) \nonumber\\ 

\nonumber 



{\hat\chi}^2 = \frac{n(n-1)}{B(n-B)} \sum_{i=1}^k 

\frac{(B_i - E_i)^2}{n_i} > \chi_{k-1;\alpha}^2 



V(r,\vartheta,\varphi)=\sum\limits_{l=0}^\infty 

\frac{4\pi}{2l+1} 

\sum\limits_{m=-l}^l \, q_{l,m} \frac{Y_{l,m} 

\vartheta,\varphi)}{r^{l+1}} 



\vec{q}= \left(\begin{array}{c} 

q_{0,0}\\ 

q_{1,1}\\q_{1,0}\\q_{1,-1}\\ 

q_{2,2}\\q_{2,1}\\q_{2,0}\\q_{2,-1}\\q_{2,-2}\\ 




q’_{l’,m’}=\sum\limits_{o=0}^\infty\sum\limits_{p=-o}^o 

n_{o,p} \; q_{o,p} \; (\nabla)_{l’+o,m’-p;o,p} \,


\frac{Y_{l’+o,m’-p}(\vartheta_a,\varphi_a)}{a^{l’+o+1}} 



q_{l,m}= -q’_{l,m} R^{2l+1} \, 

\frac{l(\epsilon_i-\epsilon_a)} 

{l(\epsilon_a+\epsilon_i)+\epsilon_a} 



\vec{q’}_{1,1}=\vec{q’}_{1,0}+I_{2,1} \; \vec{q’}_{2,0}\\[0.3 

\vec{q’}_{2,1}=\vec{q’}_{2,0}+I_{1,2} \; \vec{q’}_{1,0} 



\lefteqn{\nabla_{\pm 1} \sum\limits_{l=0}^{\infty} 

\frac{4\pi}{2l+1} \, 

\sum\limits_{m=-l}^{l} \: q_{l,m} \: \frac{Y_{l,m} 

(\vartheta,\varphi)}{r^{l+1}}} 

\nonumber \\[0.3cm] 

&&=\sum\limits_{l=0}^{\infty}\frac{4\pi}{2l+1} \, 

\sum\limits_{m=-l}^{l} \: (\tilde{\nabla_{\pm 1}})_{l,m} 

\, q_{l,m} \: 

\frac{Y_{l+1,m \pm 1}(\vartheta,\varphi)}{r^{l+2}} 


\[ \underbrace{a + \overbrace{b + \cdots + y}^{123} 

+ z}_{\alpha\beta\gamma} \] 

Lange Formeln mu\3 man selbst in Zeilen aufl"osen: 


\lefteqn{w + x + y + z = } \hspace{1cm} \nonumber\\ 

& & a + b + c + d + e + f + \\ 

& & g + h + i + j + k + l \nonumber 


\begin{eqnarray*} 

N_{+1}=\left(\begin{array}{*{8}{c@{\;}}c} 

0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 

(\tilde{\nabla}_{+})_{0,0} & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\


0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 

0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 

0 & (\tilde{\nabla}_{+})_{1,1} & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 

0 & 0 & (\tilde{\nabla}_{+})_{1,0} & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 

0 & 0 & 0 & (\tilde{\nabla}_{+})_{1,-1} & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 

0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 

0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 

0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & (\tilde{\nabla}_{+})_{2,2} & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 

0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & (\tilde{\nabla}_{+})_{2,1} & 0 & 0 & 0 

0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & (\tilde{\nabla}_{+})_{2,0} & 0 & 0 

0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & (\tilde{\nabla}_{+})_{2,-1} & 

0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & (\tilde{\nabla}_{+})_{2,-2 

0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 

0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 

\end{array}\right) 

\end{eqnarray*} 

\vspace{8mm} 

Wie man an Gleichung (\ref{formel}) auf Seite \pageref{for 

sieht, mu\3 man erforderlichenfalls bei einem Gleichungssy 

({\tt eqnarray}) mittels des Kommandos \verb+\nonumber+ da 

sorgen, da\3 es nur eine einzige, gemeinsame Nummer erh"al 

Zugleich ist dies hier ein Beispiel f"ur einen Bezug auf e 

Gleichung.

P Spezielle Sprachen 

P.1 Hayes-Modem-Kommandos 

Die Firma Hayes stellt Modems her und hat für diese einen Satz 

von Kommandos geschaffen, der sich weltweit durchgesetzt hat. 

Die meisten Modems verstehen eine Übermenge des Standard- 

Befehlssatzes von Hayes. Da diese Kommandos (mit einer Ausnahme) 

mit at (= attention please) beginnen, werden sie auch 

als at-Kommandos bezeichnet. Es dürfen Groß- oder Kleinbuchstaben 

verwendet werden, jedoch nicht gemischt. 

ata Answer Command 

atb0 Select CCITT Communication Standard 

atb1 Select USA/Canada Communication Standard 

atc Carrier Control Selection 

atd Dial Command 

ate Command State Character Echo Selection 

atf On-line State Character Echo Selection 

ath Hook Command Options 

ati Internal Memory Tests 

atl Speaker Volume Level Selection 

atm Speaker On/Off Selection 

atn Negotiation of Handshake Options 

ato On-line Command 

atp Select Pulse Dialing Method 

atq Result Code Display Options 

atsn=r Write to S-Register n 

atsn? Read from S-Register n 

att Select Tone Dialing Method 

atv Result Code Format Options 

atw Negotiation Progress Message Selection 

atx Call Progress Options 

aty Long Space Disconnect Options 

atz Soft Reset 

at&b V.32 Auto Retrain Options 

at&c Data Carrier Detect Options 

106

P.1. HAYES-MODEM-KOMMANDOS 107 

at&d Data Terminal Ready Options 

at&f Recall Factory Profile 

at&g Guard Tone Selection 

at&j Jack Type Selection 

at&k Local Flow Control Options 

at&l Line Type Selection 

at&o PAD Channel Selection 

at&q Communications Mode Options 

at&r RTS/CTS Options 

at&s Data Set Ready Options 

at&t Test Options 

at&u Trellis Coding Options 

at&v View Configuration Profiles 

at&w Write Active Profile to Memory 

at&x Synchronous Transmit Clock Source 

at&y Select Stored Profile for Hard Reset 

at&z Store Telephone Number 

Mehrere Kommandos dürfen zu einer Zeile vereinigt werden, wobei 

der at-Vorspann nur einmal zu Beginn erforderlich ist. Mit 

RETURN wird das Kommando beendet und die Ausführung veranlaßt. 

Um im transparenten Modus (das heißt während des 

Übertragens) in den Befehlsmodus zu schalten, ohne die Verbindung 

abzubrechen, ist das Kommando +++ gefolgt von einer 

Pause von mindestens 1 sec zu geben. Eine für Deutschland verwendbare 

Startsequenz lautet: 

ATZ 

AT S7=45 S0=0 V1 X3 

ATDP 0721,38340 

Die erste Zeile sorgt für ein Reset, dann wird das Register S7 

auf 45 Sekunden gesetzt. Falls das Modem innerhalb dieser Zeit 

nach dem Wählvorgang keine Antwort bekommt, legt es wieder 

auf. Der Wert 0 im Register S0 bewirkt, daß das Modem 

ankommende Anrufe nicht beantwortet, also nur für abgehende 

Verbindungen eingerichtet ist. Das Kommando V1 teilt dem 

Modem mit, Statusmeldungen (result codes) in Wortform, nicht 

als Zahlen auszugeben. X3 schließlich legt ein bestimmtes Antwortverhalten 

des Modems fest. Die letzte Zeile veranlaßt die

108 ANHANG P. SPEZIELLE SPRACHEN 

Wahl der Nummer 0721-Pause-60451 im hierzulande gebräuchlichen 

Pulswählverfahren. Geht alles gut, pfeift ein Modem des 

Rechenzentrums der Universität Karlsruhe zurück.

Q ISO 3166 Ländercodes 

Bei den Namen von Computern im Internet ist es außerhalb 

der USA üblich, als letzten Teil den Ländercode nach 

ISO 3166 anzugeben. Dies ist nicht zwingend, es gibt Bezeichnungen, 

die eine Organisation angeben und daher nicht von ISO 

3166 erfaßt werden. Die vollständige Tabelle findet sich unter 

ftp://ftp.ripe.net/iso3166-countrycodes. 

Land A 2 A 3 Nummer 

ALBANIA AL ALB 008 

ALGERIA DZ DZA 012 

ANDORRA AD AND 020 

ARGENTINA AR ARG 032 

AUSTRALIA AU AUS 036 

AUSTRIA AT AUT 040 

BAVARIA, FREE STATE OF FB FBA 999 

BAHAMAS BS BHS 044 

BELARUS BY BLR 112 

BELGIUM BE BEL 056 

BOLIVIA BO BOL 068 

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOWINA BA BIH 070 

BRAZIL BR BRA 076 

BULGARIA BG BGR 100 

CANADA CA CAN 124 

CHILE CL CHL 152 

CHINA CN CHN 156 

CHRISTMAS ISLAND CX CXR 162 

COCOS ISLANDS CC CCK 166 

COLOMBIA CO COL 170 

CROATIA HR HRV 191 

CYPRUS CY CYP 196 

CZECH REPUBLIC CZ CZE 203 

DENMARK DK DNK 208 

ECUADOR EC ECU 218 

EGYPT EG EGY 818 

109

110 ANHANG Q. ISO 3166 LÄNDERCODES 

ESTONIA EE EST 233 

FAROE ISLANDS FO FRO 234 

FINLAND FI FIN 246 

FRANCE FR FRA 250 

GEORGIA GE GEO 268 

GERMANY DE DEU 276 

GIBRALTAR GI GIB 292 

GREECE GR GRC 300 

GREENLAND GL GRL 304 

HONG KONG HK HKG 344 

HUNGARY HU HUN 348 

ICELAND IS ISL 352 

INDIA IN IND 356 

INDONESIA ID IDN 360 

IRELAND IE IRL 372 

ISRAEL IL ISR 376 

ITALY IT ITA 380 

JAPAN JP JPN 392 

KOREA, REPUBLIC OF KR KOR 410 

LATVIA LV LVA 428 

LEBANON LB LBN 422 

LIECHTENSTEIN LI LIE 438 

LITHUANIA LT LTU 440 

LUXEMBOURG LU LUX 442 

MACEDONIA, REPUBLIC OF MK MKD 807 

MALAYSIA MY MYS 458 

MALTA MT MLT 470 

MEXICO MX MEX 484 

MONACO MC MCO 492 

MOROCCO MA MAR 504 

NETHERLANDS NL NLD 528 

NEW ZEALAND NZ NZL 554 

NIUE NU NIU 570 

NORWAY NO NOR 578 

PAKISTAN PK PAK 586 

PERU PE PER 604 

POLAND PL POL 616 

PORTUGAL PT PRT 620 

QATAR QA QAT 634 

ROMANIA RO ROM 642

RUSSIAN FEDERATION RU RUS 643 

SAN MARINO SM SMR 674 

SAUDI ARABIA SA SAU 682 

SINGAPORE SG SGP 702 

SLOVAKIA SK SVK 703 

SLOVENIA SI SVN 705 

SOUTH AFRICA ZA ZAF 710 

SPAIN ES ESP 724 

SRI LANKA LK LKA 144 

SWEDEN SE SWE 752 

SWITZERLAND CH CHE 756 

TAIWAN TW TWN 158 

TONGA TO TON 776 

TRINIDAD + TOBAGO TT TTO 780 

TUNISIA TN TUN 788 

TURKEY TR TUR 792 

UKRAINE UA UKR 804 

UNITED KINGDOM GB GBR 826 

UNITED STATES US USA 840 

URUGUAY UY URY 858 

VATICAN VA VAT 336 

VENEZUELA VE VEN 862 

YUGOSLAVIA YU YUG 891 

111

R Requests For Comment 

(RFCs) 

Das Internet wird nicht durch Normen, sondern durch RFCs (Request 

For Comments) beschrieben, gegenwärtig etwa 4000 an 

der Zahl (Okt. 2004). Wird ein RFC durch einen neueren abgelöst, 

bekommt dieser auch eine neue, höhere Nummer. Es gibt also 

keine Versionen oder Ausgaben wie bei den DIN-Normen. Die 

BCPs und FYIs behalten ihre Nummer, auch wenn dahinter ein 

neuer RFC steht. Sucht man eine Information, besorgt man sich 

einen aktuellen Index der RFCs und startet in den Titeln, bei 

der höchsten Nummer beginnend, eine Stichwortsuche. Einige 

RFCs sind zugleich FYIs (For Your Information) mit eigener Zählung. 

Diese enthalten einführende Informationen. Andere RFCs 

haben den Rang von offiziellen Internet-Protokoll-Standards mit 

zusätzlicher, eigener Numerierung, siehe RFC 2900 Internet Official 

Protocol Standards vom August 2001, wobei ein Standard 

mehrere RFCs umfassen kann. Schließlich sind einige RFCs zugleich 

BCPs (Best Current Practice), siehe RFC 1818, oder RTRs 

(RARE Technical Report). Eine vollständige Sammlung findet 

sich auf ftp.nic.de/pub/rfc/. Die Dateien mit den Übersichten 

sind: 

• Request For Comments: rfc-index.txt, 600 kbyte, 

• For Your Information: fyi-index.txt, 10 kbyte, 

• Internet Standard: std-index.txt, 10 kbyte, 

• Best Current Practice: bcp-index.txt, 20 kbyte. 

Ähnlich auch bei www.rfc-editor.org/. Zusammenfassungen 

(Abstracts) der Entwürfe (Internet Drafts) zu kommenden RF- 

Cs finden sich bei www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. 

Genießen Sie RFCs, die an einem ersten April erschienen sind, 

mit Vorsicht. Hier folgt eine Auswahl von RFCs, nach der Nummer 

sortiert. 

112

R.1. AUSGEWÄHLTE RFCS, OHNE FYIS 113 

R.1 Ausgewählte RFCs, ohne FYIs 

0001 Host Software (1969) 

0681 Network Unix (1975) 

0783 The TFTP Protocol (1981) 

0814 Name, Addresses, Ports, and Routes (1982) 

0821 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (1982) 

0894 A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams over Ethernet 

Networks (1984) 

0902 ARPA-Internet Protocol policy (1984) 

0959 File Transfer Protocol (1985) 

1000 The Request For Comments Reference Guide (1987) 

1034 Domain names – concepts and facilities (1987) 

1036 Standard for Interchange of USENET Messages (1987) 

1087 Ethics and the Internet (1989) 

1094 NFS: Network File System Protocol Specification (1989) 

1118 Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Internet (1989) 

1122 Requirements for Internet Hosts – Communication Layers (1989) 

1123 Requirements for Internet Hosts – Application and Support (1989) 

1173 Responsibilities of Host and Network Managers (1991) 

1180 TCP/IP Tutorial (1991) 

1208 Glossary of Networking Terms (1991) 

1211 Problems with the Maintenance of Large Mailing Lists (1991) 

1281 Guidelines for the secure operations of the Internet (1991) 

1295 User bill of rights for entries and listing in the public directory (19 

1296 Internet Growth (1981 – 1991) (1992) 

1310 Internet standards process (1992) 

1327 Mapping between X.400(1988)/ISO 10021 and RFC 822 (1992) 

1331 Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) (1992) 

1336 Who’s who in the Internet (1992) 

1340 Assigned Numbers (1992) 

1345 Character Mnemonics and Character Sets (1992) 

1361 Simple Network Time Protocol (1992) 

1378 PPP AppleTalk Control Protocol (1992) 

1432 Recent Internet books (1993) 

1436 Internet Gopher Protocol (1993) 

1441 SMTP Introduction to version 2 of the Internet-standard 

Network Management Framework (1993) 

1459 Internet Relay Chat Protocol (1993) 

1460 Post Office Protocol - Version 3 (1993)

114 ANHANG R. REQUESTS FOR COMMENT (RFCS) 

1466 Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space (1993) 

1475 TP/IX: The Next Internet (1993) 

1501 OS/2 User Group (1993) 

1506 A Tutorial on Gatewaying between X.400 and Internet Mail (1993) 

1510 The Kerberos Network Authentication Service (1993) 

1511 Common Authentication Technology Overview (1993) 

1591 Domain Name System Structure and Delegation (1994) 

1601 Charter of the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) (1994) 

1602 The Internet Standards Process (1994) 

1603 IETF Working Group Guidelines and Procedures (1994) 

1607 A VIEW FROM THE 21ST CENTURY (1994) 

1610 Internet Official Protocol Standards (1994) 

1618 PPP over ISDN (1994) 

1661 The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) (1994) 

1684 Introduction to White Pages Services based on X.500 (1994) 

1690 Introducing the Internet Engineering and Planning Group 

(IEPG) (1994) 

1700 ASSIGNED NUMBERS (1994) 

1704 On Internet Authentication (1994) 

1738 Uniform Resource Locators (URL) (1994) 

1750 Randomness Recommendations for Security (1994) 

1752 The Recommendation for the IP Next Generation Protocol (1995) 

1775 To Be On the Internet (1995) 

1789 INETPhone: Telephone Services and Servers on Internet (1995) 

1808 Relative Uniform Resource Locators (1995) 

1818 Best Current Practices (1995) 

1825 Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol (1995) 

1835 Architecture of the WHOIS++ service (1995) 

1847 Security Multiparts for MIME: Multipart/Signed and 

Multipart/Encrypted (1995) 

1871 Addendum to RFC 1602 – Variance Procedure (1995) 

1881 IPv6 Address Allocation Management (1995) 

1882 The 12-Days of Technology Before Christmas (1995) 

1883 Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6), Specification (1995) 

1898 CyberCash Credit Card Protocol Version 0.8. (1996) 

1912 Common DNS Operational and Configuration Errors (1996) 

1913 Architecture of the Whois++ Index Service (1996) 

1918 Address Allocation for Private Internets (1996) 

1924 A Compact Representation of IPv6 Addresses (1996) 

1925 The Twelve Networking Truths (1996)


1928 SOCKS Protocol Version 5. (1996) 

1935 What is the Internet, Anyway? (1996) 

1938 A One-Time Password System (1996) 

1939 Post Office Protocol - Version 3. (1996) 

1945 Hypertext Transfer Protocol – HTTP/1.0. (1996) 

1952 GZIP file format specification version 4.3. (1996) 

1955 New Scheme for Internet Routing and Addressing (ENCAPS) 

for IPNG (1996) 

1957 Some Observations on Implementations of the Post Office Protocol 

(POP3) (1996) 

1958 Architectural Principles of the Internet (1996) 

1963 PPP Serial Data Transport Protocol (SDTP) (1996) 

1968 The PPP Encryption Control Protocol (ECP) (1996) 

1972 A Method for the Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Ethernet 

Networks (1996) 

1984 IAB and IESG Statement on Cryptographic Technology and the 

Internet (1996) 

1991 PGP Message Exchange Formats (1996) 

2014 IRTF Research Group Guidelines and Procedures (1996) 

2015 MIME Security with Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) (1996) 

2026 The Internet Standards Process – Revision 3. (1996) 

2030 Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) Version 4 for IPv4, IPv6 an 

OSI (1996) 

2045 Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format 

Internet Message Bodies (1996) 

2046 Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media 

Types (1996) 

2047 MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) Part Three: Messa 

Header Extensions for Non-ASCII Text (1996) 

2048 Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) Part Four: 

Registration Procedures (1996) 

2049 Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Five: 

Conformance Criteria and Examples (1996) 

2068 Hypertext Transfer Protocol – HTTP/1.1. (1997) 

2070 Internationalization of the Hypertext Markup Language (1997) 

2083 PNG (Portable Network Graphics) Specification (1997) 

2084 Considerations for Web Transaction Security (1997) 

2100 The Naming of Hosts (1997) 

2109 HTTP State Management Mechanism (1997) 

2110 MIME E-mail Encapsulation of Aggregate Documents, such as HT


(MHTML) (1997) 

2111 Content-ID and Message-ID Uniform Resource Locators (1997) 

2112 The MIME Multipart/Related Content-type (1997) 

2133 Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6 (1997) 

2134 Articles of Incorporation of Internet Society (1997) 

2135 Internet Society By-Laws (1997) 

2145 Use and Interpretation of HTTP Version Numbers (1997) 

2146 U.S. Government Internet Domain Names (1997) 

2147 TCP and UDP over IPv6 Jumbograms (1997) 

2153 PPP Vendor Extensions (1997) 

2167 Referral Whois (RWhois) Protocol V1.5. (1997) 

2168 Resolution of Uniform Resource Identifiers using the Domain Name 

System (1997) 

2180 IMAP4 Multi-Accessed Mailbox Practice (1997) 

2182 Selection and Operation of Secondary DNS Servers (1997) 

2185 Routing Aspects of IPv6 Transition (1997) 

2186 Internet Cache Protocol (ICP), version 2 (1997) 

2187 Application of Internet Cache Protocol (ICP) (1997) 

2192 IMAP URL Scheme (1997) 

2202 Test Cases for HMAC-MD5 and HMAC-SHA-1 (1997) 

2212 Specification of Guaranteed Quality of Service (1997) 

2222 Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL) (1997) 

2223 Instructions to RFC Authors (1997) 

2228 FTP Security Extensions (1997) 

2231 MIME Parameter Value and Encoded Word Extensions: 

Character Sets, Languages, and Continuations (1997) 

2237 Japanese Character Encoding for Internet Messages (1997) 

2245 Anonymous SASL Mechanism (1997) 

2323 IETF Identification and Security Guidelines (1998) 

2418 IETF Working Group Guidelines and Procedures (1998) 

2437 RSA Cryptography Specification Version 2.0 (1998) 

2440 OpenPGP Message Format (1998) 

2444 The One-Time-Password SASL Mechanism (1998) 

2464 Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Ethernet Networks (1998) 

2468 I Remember IANA (1998) 

2482 Language Tagging in Unicode Plain Text (1999) 

2499 Request for Comments Summary (1999) 

2500 INTERNET OFFICIAL PROTOCOL STANDARDS (1999) 

2505 Anti-Spam Recommendations for SMTP MTAs (1999) 

2518 HTTP Extensions for Distributed Authoring (1999)


2542 Terminology and Goals for Internet Fax (1999) 

2555 30 Years of RFCs (1999) 

2577 FTP Security Considerations (1999) 

2588 IP Multicast and Firewalls (1999) 

2611 URN Namespace Definition Mechanisms (1999) 

2616 Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP/1.1 (1999) 

2626 The Internet and the Millenium Problem (1999) 

2628 Simple Cryptographic Program Interface (1999) 

2637 Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (1999) 

2639 Internet Printing Protocol/Implementer’s Guide (1999) 

2640 Internationalizationof the File Transfer Protocol (1999) 

2646 The Text/Plain Parameter (1999) 

2647 Benchmarking Terminology for Firewall Performance (1999) 

2651 The Architecture of the Common Indexing Protocol (1999) 

2659 Security Extensions For HTML (1999) 

2663 IP Network Address Translator (NAT) Terminology and Considera 

(1999) 

2675 IPv6 Jumbograms (1999) 

2683 IMAP4 Implementation Recommendations (1999) 

2685 Virtual Private Networks Identifier (1999) 

2691 A Memorandum of Understanding for an ICANN Protocol Support 

Organization (1999) 

2718 Guidelines for new URL Schemes (1999) 

2756 Hyper Text Caching Protocol (2000) 

2761 Terminology for ATM Benchmarking (2000) 

2766 Network Address Translation – Protocol Translation (2000) 

2773 Encryption using KEA and SKIPJACK (2000) 

2775 Internet Transparency (2000) 

2822 Internet Message Format (2001) 

2828 Internet Security Glossary (2000) 

2839 Internet Kermit Service (2000) 

2860 Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Technical Work 

of the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (2000) 

2874 DNS Extensions to Support IPv6 Address Aggregation and 

Renumbering (2000) 

2875 Diffie-Hellman Proof-of-Possession Algorithms (2000) 

2888 Secure Remote Access with L2TP (2000) 

2901 Guide to Administrative Procedures of the Internet 

Infrastructure (2000) 

2910 Internet Printing Protocol/1.1 (2000)


2913 MIME Content Types in Media Feature Expressions (2000) 

2924 Accounting Attributes and Record Formats (2000) 

2929 Domain Name System (DNS) IANA Considerations (2000) 

2938 Identifying Composite Media Features (2000) 

2960 Stream Control Transmission Protocol (2000) 

2965 HTTP State Management Mechanism (2000) 

2969 Wide Area Directory Deployment (2000) 

2977 Mobile IP Authentication, Authorization and Accounting 

Reqirements (2000) 

2979 Behavior of and Requirements for Internet Firewalls (2000) 

2990 Next Steps for the IP QoS Architecture (2000) 

3001 A URN Namespace of Object Identifiers (2000) 

3002 Overview of 2000 IAB Wireless Internetworking Workshop (2000) 

3003 The audio/mpeg Media Type (2000) 

3010 NFS Version 4 Protocol (2000) 

3013 Recommended Internet Service Provider Security Services 

and Procedures (2000) 

3028 Sieve: A Mail Filtering Language (2001) 

3031 Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture (2001) 

3036 LDP Specification (2001) 

3076 Canonical XML Version 1.0 (2001) 

3072 Structured Data Exchange Format (SDXF) (2001) 

3093 Firewall Enhancement Protocol (FEP) (2001) 

3106 ECML v1.1: Field Specifications for E-Commerce (2001) 

3125 Electronic Signature Policies (2001) 

3143 Known HTTP Proxy/Caching Problems (2001) 

3377 LDAP (v3) Technical Specification (2002) 

3383 IANA Considerations for the LDAP (2002) 

R.2 1.-April-RFCs 

Ohne Gewähr dafür, ob sie ernst gemeint sind oder nicht. 

0112 User/Server Site Protocol: Network host questionaire responses (1971) 

0499 Harvard’s Network RJE (1973) 

0748 Telnet randomly-lose option (1978) 

0777 Internet Control Message Protocol (1981) 

0779 Telnet send-location option (1981) 

0852 ARPANET short blocking feature (1983) 

0893 Trailer encapsulations (1984)

R.2. 1.-APRIL-RFCS 119 

0894 Standard for the transmission of IP datagrams over Ethernet netw 

(1984) 

0895 Standard for the transmission of IP datagrams over experimental 

Ethernet networks (1984) 

1147 FYI on a Network Management Tool Catalog 

0898 Gateway special interest group meeting notes (1984) 

0904 Exterior Gateway Protocol formal specification (1984) 

0905 ISO Transport Protocol specification ISO DP 8073 (1984) 

0940 Toward an Internet standard scheme for subnetting (1985) 

0941 Addendum to the network service definition covering network 

layer addressing (1985) 

0943 Assigned numbers (1985) 

0944 Official ARPA-Internet protocols (1985) 

0982 Guidelines for the specification of the structure of the 

Domain Specific Part (DSP) of the ISO standard 

NSAP adress (1986) 

0983 ISO transport arrives on top of the TCP (1986) 

0995 End System to Intermediate System Routing Exchange Protocol 

for use in conjunction with ISO 8473 (1986) 

0999 Requests For Comments summary notes: 900 - 999 (1987) 

1004 Distributed=protocol authentication scheme (1987) 

1050 RPC: Remote Procedure Call Protocol specification (1988) 

1052 IAB recommendations for the development of Internet 

network management standards (1988) 

1053 Telnet X.3 PAD option (1988) 

1095 Common Management Information Services and Protocol 

over TCP/IP (1989) 

1097 Telnet subliminal-message option (1989) 

1100 IAB official protocol standards (1989) 

1101 DNS encoding of network names and other types (1989) 

1147 FYI on a Network Management Tool Catalog: Tools for 

Monitoring and Debugging TCP/IP Internets and 

Interconnected Devices (1990) 

1149 Standard for the transmission of IP datagrams on avian carriers (1 

1151 Version 2 of the Reliable Data Protocol (RDP) (1990) 

1152 Workshop report: Internet research steering group workshop 

on very-high-speed networks (1990) 

1153 Digest message format (1990) 

1154 Encoding header field for internet messages (1990) 

1200 IAB official protocol standards (1991)


1214 OSI internet management: Management Information Base (1991) 

1216 Gigabit network economics and paradigm shifts (1991) 

1217 Memo from the Consortium for Slow Commotion Research (1991) 

1218 Naming scheme for c=US (1991) 

1219 On the assignment of subnet numbers (1991) 

1220 Point-to-Point Protocol extensions for bridging (1991) 

1221 Host access protocol (HAP) specification: Version 2 (1991) 

1313 Today’s Programming for KRFC AM 1313 Internet Talk Radio (1992) 

1437 The Extension of MIME Content-Types to a New Medium (1993) 

1438 IETF Statements of Boredom (SOBs) (1993) 

1605 SONET to Sonnet Translation (1994) 

1606 A Historical Perspective On The Usage Of IP Version 9 (1994) 

1607 A View from the 21st Century (1994) 

1776 The Address is the Message (1995) 

1924 A Compact Representaion of IPv6 Adresses (1996) 

1925 The Twelve Networking Truths (1996) 

1926 An Experimental Encapsulation of IP Datagrams on Top of ATM (1996 

1927 Suggested Additional MIME Types for Associating Documents (1996) 

2100 The Naming of Hosts (1997) 

2321 RITA – The Reliable Internetwork Troubleshooting Agent (1998) 

2322 Management of IP numbers by peg-dhcp (1998) 

2323 IETF Identification and Security Guidelines (1998) 

2324 Hypertext Coffee Pot Control Protocol HTCPCP/1.0 (1998) 

2325 Definitons of Managed Objects for Drip-Type Heated Beverage 

Hardware Devices Using SMIv2 (1998) 

2549 IP Over Avian Carriers with Quality of Service (1999) 

2550 Y10K and Beyond (1999) 

2551 The Roman Standards Process – Revision III (1999) 

2795 The Infinite Monkey Protocol Suite (2000) 

3091 Pi Digit Generation Protocol (2001) 

3092 Etymology of Foo (2001) 

3093 Firewall Enhancement Protocol (FEP) (2001) 

3251 Electricity over IP (2002) 

3252 Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport (2002) 

R.3 Alle FYIs 

0001 FYI on FYI: Introduction to the FYI notes (1990) (RFC1150) 

0002 FYI on a Network Management Tool Catalog: Tools for monitoring

R.3. ALLE FYIS 121 

and debugging TCP/IP internets and interconnected 

devices (1993) (RFC1470) 

0003 FYI on Where to Start: A bibliography of internetworking 

information (1991) (RFC1175) 

0004 FYI on Questions and Answers - Answers to Commonly asked New 

Internet User Questions (1999) (RFC2664) 

0005 Choosing a name for your computer (1991) (RFC1178) 

0006 FYI on the X Window System (1991) (RFC1198) 

0007 FYI on Questions and Answers: Answers to commonly asked 

experienced Internet user questions (1991) (RFC1207) 

0008 Site Security Handbook (1997) (RFC2196) 

0009 Who’s Who in the Internet: Biographies of IAB, IESG and 

IRSG Members (1992) (RFC1336) 

0010 There is Gold in them thar Networks! or Searching for Treasure 

in all the Wrong Places (1993) (RFC1402) 

0011 X.500 Implementations Catalog-96 (1997) (RFC2116) 

0012 Building a Network Information Services Infrastructure 

(1992) (RFC1302) 

0013 Executive Introduction to Directory Services Using the 

X.500 Protocol (1992) (RFC1308) 

0014 Technical Overview of Directory Services Using the 

X.500 Protocol (1992) (RFC1309) 

0015 Privacy and Accuracy Issues in Network Information Center 

Databases (1992) (RFC1355) 

0016 Connecting to the Internet – What Connecting Institutions 

Should Anticipate (1992) (RFC1359) 

0017 The Tao of IETF - A Guide for New Attendees of the Internet 

Engineering Task Force (2001) (RFC3160) 

0018 Internet Users’ Glossary (1996) (RFC1983) 

0019 FYI on Introducing the Internet – A Short Bibliography of 

Introductory Internetworking Readings (1993) (RFC1463) 

0020 FYI on What is the Internet (1993) (RFC1462) 

0021 A Survey of Advanced Usages of X.500 (1993) (RFC1491) 

0022 Frequently Asked Questions for Schools (1996) (RFC1941) 

0023 Guide to Network Resource Tool (1994) (RFC1580) 

0024 How to Use Anonymous FTP (1994) (RFC1635) 

0025 A Status Report on Networked Information Retrieval: 

Tools and Groups (1994) (RFC1689) 

0026 K-12 Internetworking Guidelines (1994) (RFC1709) 

0027 Tools for DNS debugging (1994) (RFC1713)


0028 Netiquette Guidelines (1995) (RFC1855) 

0029 Catalogue of Network Training Materials (1996) (RFC2007) 

0030 A Primer On Internet and TCP/IP Tools and Utilities (1997) (RFC2151 

0031 Humanities and Arts: Sharing Center Stage on the Internet 

(1997) (RFC2150) 

0032 Hobbes’ Internet Timeline (1997) (RFC2235) 

0033 Some Testing Tools for TCP Implementors (1998) (RFC2398) 

0034 Users’ Security Handbook (1999) (RFC2504) 

0035 DON’T SPEW. A Set of Guidelines for Mass Unsolicited Mailings and 

Postings (spam*) (1999) (RFC2635) 

0036 Internet Security Glossary (2000) (RFC2828) 

0037 Guide to Administrative Procedures of the Internet Infrastructure 

(2000) (RFC2901) 

0038 How to Advertise Responsibly Using E-Mail and Newsgroups (2001) (R 

R.4 Alle BCPs 

0001 Best Current Practices (1995) (RFC1818) 

0002 Addendum to RFC 1602 – Variance Procedure (1995) (RFC1871) 

0003 Variance for The PPP Connection Control Protocol and The PPP 

Encryption Control Protocol (1996) (RFC1915) 

0004 An Appeal to the Internet Community to Return Unused 

IP Networks (Prefixes) to the IANA (1996) (RFC1917) 

0005 Address Allocation for Private Internets (1996) (RFC1918) 

0006 Guidelines for creation, selection, and registration of an 

Autonomous System (AS) (1996) (RFC1930) 

0007 Implications of Various Address Allocation Policies for 

Internet Routing (1996) (RFC2008) 

0008 IRTF Research Group Guidelines and Procedures (1996) (RFC2014) 

0009 The Internet Standards Process – Revision 3 (1996) (RFC2026) 

0010 IAB and IESG Selection, Confirmation, and Recall Process: 

Operation of the Nominating and Recall Committees 

(2000) (RFC2727) 

0011 The Organizations Involved in the IETF Standards Process 

(1996) (RFC2028) 

0012 Internet Registry IP Allocation Guidelines (1996) (RFC2050) 

0013 Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) Part Four: 

Registration Procedures (1996) (RFC2048) 

0014 Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels

R.4. ALLE BCPS 123 

(1997) (RFC2119) 

0015 Deployment of the Internet White Pages Service (1997) (RFC2148) 

0016 Selection and Operation of Secondary DNS Servers (1997) (RFC21 

0017 Use of DNS Aliases for Network Services (1997) (RFC2219) 

0018 IETF Policy on Character Sets and Languages (1998) (RFC2277) 

0019 IANA Charset Registration Procedures (2000) (RFC2978) 

0020 Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA delegation (1998) (RFC2317) 

0021 Expectations for Computer Security Incident Response (1998) 

(RFC2350) 

0022 Guide for Internet Standards Writers (1998) (RFC2360) 

0023 Administratively Scoped IP Multicast (1998) (RFC2365) 

0024 RSVP over ATM Implementation Guidelines (1998) (RFC2379) 

0025 IETF Working Group Guidelines and Procedures (1998) (RFC2418 

0026 Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs 

(1998) (RFC2434) 

0027 Advancement of MIB specifications on the IETF Standards Track 

(1998) (RFC2438) 

0028 Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanis 

(1999) (RFC2488) 

0029 Procedure for Defining New DHCP Options (1999) (RFC2489) 

0030 Anti-Spam Recommendations for SMTP MTAs (1999) (RFC2505) 

0031 Media Feature Tag Registration Procedure (1999) (RFC2506) 

0032 Reserved Top Level DNS Names (1999) (RFC2606) 

0033 URN Namespace Definition Mechanisms (1999) (RFC2611) 

0034 Changing the Default for Directed Broadcasts in Routers 

(1999) (RFC2644) 

0035 Registration Procedures for URL Scheme Names (1999) (RFC2717 

0036 Guidelines for Writers of RTP Payload Format Specifications 

(1999) (RFC2736) 

0037 IANA Allocation Guidelines For Values In the Internet Protocol 

and Related Headers (2000) (RFC2780) 

0038 Network Ingress Filtering: Defeating Denial of Service Attacks 

which employ IP Source Address Spoofing (2000) (RFC2827) 

0039 Charter of the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) (2000) (RFC2850 

0040 Root Name Server Operational Requirements (2000) (RFC2870) 

0041 Congestion Control Principles (2000) (RFC2914) 

0042 Domain Name System (DNS) IANA Considerations (2000) (RFC29 

0043 Procedures and IANA Guidelines for Definition of New DHCP Opt 

and Message Types (2000) (RFC2939) 

0044 Use of HTTP State Management (2000) (RFC2964)


0045 IETF Discussion List Charter (2000) (RFC3005) 

0046 Recommended Internet Service Provider Security Services 

and Procedures (2000) (RFC3013) 

0047 Tags for the Identification of Languages (2001) (RFC3066) 

0048 End-to-end Performance Implications of Slow Links (2001) (RFC3150) 

0049 Delegation of IP6.ARPA (2001) (RFC3152) 

0050 End-to-end Performance Implications of Links with Errors 

(2001) (RFC3155) 

0051 IANA Guidelines for IPv4 Multicast Address Assignments (2001) 

(RFC3171) 

0052 Management Guidelines & Operational Requirements for the Address 

and Routing Parameter Area Domain (arpa) (2001) (RFC3172) 

0053 GLOP Addressing in 233/8 (2001) (RFC3180) 

0054 IETF Guidelines for Conduct () (RFC3184) 

0055 Guidelines for Evidence Collection and Archiving () (RFC3227) 

0056 On the use of HTTP as a Substrate () (RFC3205) 

0057 IANA Considerations for IPv4 Internet Group Management 

Protocol (IGMP) () (RFC3228) 

0058 Defining the IETF () (RFC3233) 

0059 A Transient Prefix for Identifying Profiles under 

Development () (RFC3349) 

0060 Inappropriate TCP Resets Considered Harmful () (RFC3360) 

0061 Strong Security Requirements for Internet Engineering 

Task Force Standard Protocols () (RFC3365) 

0062 Advice to link designers on link Automatic Repeat reQuest 

(ARQ) () (RFC3366) 

0063 Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for Telephones (SIP-T): 

Context and Architectures () (RFC3372) 

0064 Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) Considerations 

for the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol 

(LDAP) () (RFC3383) 

0065 Dynamic Delegation Discovery System (DDS) Part Five: 

URLARPA Assignment Procedures (2002) (RFC3405) 

0066 Uniform Resource Names (URN) Namespace Definition 

Mechanisms (2002) (RFC3406) 

0067 Change Process for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) 

(2002) (RFC3427) 

0068 Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) IANA Considerations Update 

(2002) (RFC3438) 

0069 TCP Performance Implications of Network Path Asymmetrie

R.4. ALLE BCPS 125 

(2002) (RFC3449) 

0070 Guidelines for the Use of XML within IETF Protocols 

(2003) (RFC3470) 

0071 TCP over Second (2.5G) and Third (3G) Generation Wireless 

Networks (2003) (RFC3481) 

0072 Guidelines for Writing RFC Text on Security Considerations 

(2003) (RFC3552) 

0073 An IETF URN Sub-namespace for Registered Protocol Parameters 

(2003) (RFC3553) 

0074 Coexistence between Version 1, Version 2, and Version 3 of the 

Internet-standard Network Management Framework 

(2003) (RFC3584) 

0075 Session Inititation Protocol (SIP). Basic Call Flow Examples 

(2003) (RFC3665) 

0076 Session Inittiation Protocol (SIP). Public Switched Telephone 

Network (PSTN) Call Flows. (2003) (RFC3666) 

0077 IETF ISOC Boardof Trustee Appointment Procedures 

(2003) (RFC3677) 

0078 IETF Rights in Contributions (2004) (RFC3667) 

0079 Intellectual Property Rights in IETF Technology 

(2004) (RFC3668) 

0080 Delegation of E.F.F.3.IP6.ARPA. (2004) (RFC3681) 

0081 The IETF XML Registry. (2004) (RFC3688) 

0082 Assigning Experimental and Testing Numbers Considered Useful 

(2004) (RFC3692) 

0083 A Practice for Revoking Posting Rights to IETF Mailing Lists 

(2004) (RFC3683) 

0084 Ingress Filtering for Multihomed Networks 

Best(2004) Current (RFC3704) Practices0085 for Third Party Call Control (3pcc) 

in the Session Inititation Protocol (SIP) 

(2004) (RFC3725) 

0086 Determining Strength for Public Keys Used for Exchanging 

Symmetric Keys. (2004) (RFC3766) 

0087 Use of Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) Metric as a second 

MPLS Traffic Engineering (TE) Metric 

(2004) (RFC3785) 

0088 IANA Considerations for the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) 

(2004) (RFC3818) 

0089 Advice for Internet Subnetwork Designers 

(2004) (RFC3819)

S Internet-Protokolle 

Ein Protokoll ist ein Satz von Regeln zur Verständigung zwischen 

zwei Computern oder Peripheriegeräten. Hier die wichtigsten 

im Internet verwendeten Protokolle: 

3DESE PPP Triple-DES Encryption Protocol (RFC 2420) 

ACAP Application Configuration Access Protocol (RFC 2244) 

AgentX Agent Extensibility Protocol (RFC 2257) 

ARP Address Resolution Protocol (RFC 826) 

ATMP Ascend Tunnel Management Protocol )RFC 2107) 

BAP PPP Bandwidth Allocation Protocol (RFC 2125) 

BACP PPP Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol (RFC 2125) 

BGP Border Gateway Protocol (RFC 1771) 

BOOTP Bootstrap Protocol (RFC 951, 1542) 

CCP PPP Compression Control Protocol (RFC 1962) 

CHAP PPP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (RFC 1994) 

CMOT Common Management Information Protocol over TCP (RFC 1095) 

DCAP Data Link Switching Client Access Protocol (RFC 2114) 

DESE-bisPPP DES Encryption Protocol (RFC 2419) 

DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (RFC 2131) 

DLSw Data Link Switching Protocol (RFC 1795) 

DSP A Dictionary Server Protocol (RFC 2229) 

EAP PPP Extensible Authenication Protocol (RFC 2284) 

EARP Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol (RFC 826) 

Echo Echo Protocol (RFC 862) 

ECP PPP Encryption Control Protocol (RFC 1968) 

EGP Exterior Gateway Protocol (RFC 827, 904) 

ESRO Efficient Short Remote Operations Protocol (RFC 2188) 

FANP Flow Attribute Notification Protocol (RFC 2129) 

Finger Finger User Information Protocol (RFC 1288) 

FOOBARFTP Operation Over Big Address Records Protocol (RFC 1639) 

FTP File Transfer Protocol (RFC 959, 2228) 

GKMP Group Key Management Protocol Specification (RFC 2093) 

Gopher Internet gopher Protocol (RFC 1436) 

HTCPC Hypertext Coffee Pot Control Protocol (RFC 2324) 

HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol (RFC 2068) 

126

127 

IARP Inverse Address Resolution Protocol (RFC 2390) 

ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol (RFC 792, 950) 

ICMPv6Internet Control Message Protocol version 6 (RFC 1885) 

ICP Internet Cache Protocol (RFC 2186) 

IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol (RFC 2236) 

IMAP Internet Message Access Protocol (RFC 2060) 

IMPP Instant Messaging/Presence Protocol (RFC 2779) 

IOTP Internet Open Trading Protocol (RFC 2935) 

IP Internet Protocol (RFC 791) 

IPng Recommendation for the IP next generation Protocol (RFC 1752) 

IPv6 Internet Protocol version 6 (RFC 1883) 

IRC Internet Relay Chat Protocol (RFC 1459) 

LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (RFC 2251) 

LFAP Lightweight Flow Admission Protocol (RFC 2124) 

MAPOS Multiple Access Protocol over SONET (RFC 2171) 

MP PPP Multilink Protocol (RFC 1990) 

MPPC Microsoft Point-to-Point Compression Protocol (RFC 2118) 

NBFCP NetBIOS Frames Control Protocol (RFC 2097) 

NFS Network File System Protocol (RFC 1094 und 1813) 

NHRP NBMA Next Hop Resolution Protocol (RFC 2332) 

NNTP Network News Transport Protocol (RFC 977) 

NTP Network Time Protocol (RFC 1305) 

OFTP ODETTE File Transfer Protocol (RFC 2204) 

PIM-SMProtocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (RFC 2362) 

POP Post Office Protocol (RFC 1939) 

PPP Point to Point Protocol (RFC 1661, 2153) 

RARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RFC 903) 

RIP Routing Information Protocol (RFC 1723) 

RPC Remote Procedure Call Protocol (RFC 1057, 1831 und 2339) 

RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol (RFC 2205) 

RTP Transport Protocol for Realtime Applications (RFC 1889) 

RTSP Real Time Streaming Protocol (RFC 2326) 

RWhois Referral Whois Protocol (RFC 2167) 

SCSP Server Cache Synchronization Protocol (RFC 2334) 

SDP Session Description Protocol (RFC 2327) 

SDTP PPP Serial Data Transport Protocol (RFC 1963) 

SLP Service Location Protocol (RFC 2165) 

SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (RFC 821) 

SNACP PPP SNA Control Protocol (RFC 2043) 

SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol (RFC 1157)

128 ANHANG S. INTERNET-PROTOKOLLE 

SNQP Simple Nomenclator Query Protocol (RFC 2259) 

SNTP Simple Network Time Protocol (RFC 2030) 

SOCKS SOCKS Protocol (RFC 1928) 

TCP Transmission Control Protocol (RFC 793) 

Telnet Telnet Protocol (RFC 854) 

TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol (RFC 783 und 1350) 

TIP Transaction Internet Protocol (RFC 2371) 

UDP User Datagram Protocol (RFC 768) 

VRRP Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (RFC 2338) 

XNSCP PPP XNS IDP Control Protocol (RFC 1764) 

Siehe auch RFC 2700: Internet Official Protocol Standards vom 

August 2000.

T Frequently Asked Questions 

(FAQs) 

In vielen Newsgruppen tauchen immer wieder dieselben Fragen 

auf. Irgendwann erbarmt sich ein Leser und sammelt sie samt 

den zugehörigen Antworten unter der Überschrift Frequently Asked 

Questions, abgekürzt FAQ. Diese FAQs (man beachte: der 

Plural eines Plurals) sind eine wertvolle Informationsquelle. Die 

Spektren der Themen und der Qualität sind so breit wie das 

Netz. Innerhalb der Netnews enthalten die FAQs naturgemäß 

nur Text, manche werden jedoch parallel dazu im WWW angeboten 

und können dort Grafik verwenden. Sie sind zu finden: 

• in der jeweiligen Newsgruppe, 

• in der Newsgruppe news.answers bzw. de.answers, 

• auf http://www.cs.ruu.nl/cgi-bin/faqwais (Universität 

Utrecht) 

• auf http://www.faqs.org/, 

• auf rtfm.mit.edu in den Verzeichnissen 

/pub/usenet-by-group/ bzw. 

/pub/usenet-by-hierarchie/. 

Um einen Überblick zu gewinnen, hole man sich per FTP 

vom MIT die Datei Index-byname.gz. Nachfolgend sind einige 

FAQs aufgeführt, aber bei weitem nicht alle: 

• Unix - Frequently Asked Questions, in 

comp.unix.questions. Siebenteilig, von TED TIMAR, 

seit 1989, daher ausgereift. 

• Unix Programming FAQ, in comp.unix.programmer. 

• Unix-FAQ/Shell, in comp.unix.shell. Von TED TIMAR. 

• Linux META-FAQ, in comp.os.linux.announce. 

• NetBSD, FreeBSD, and OpenBSD FAQ, gemeinsames 

zehnteiliges FAQ-Dokument in 

– comp.unix.bsd.netbsd.announce, 

129

130 ANHANG T. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQS) 

– comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce und 

– comp.unix.openbsd.announce. 

• vi Editor FAQ, in comp.editors und 

comp.unix.questions. Zweiteilig. 

• comp.lang.perl* FAQ, in comp.lang.perl.announce. 

Fünfteilig. 

• The X Toolkit Intrinsics FAQ, in comp.windows.x. 

• Catalog of compilers, interpreters, and other language 

tools, in comp.compilers und comp.lang.misc. Fünfteilig. 

• Comp.software.eng FAQ, in comp.software.eng. 

• FAQ List (zur Sprache C), in comp.lang.c. 

• C++ FAQ, in comp.lang.c++. Achtteilig. 

• Available C++ libraries FAQ, in comp.lang.c++. Sechsteilig. 

• Comp.lang.objective-c FAQ, in comp.lang.objective-c. 

Dreiteilig. 

• TCP/IP Resources List, in comp.protocols.tcp-ip. 

• TCP/IP Applications FAQ, in comp.protocols.tcp-ip. 

• FAQ: Internet-Zugänge in Deutschland, in de.etc.lists. 

• Netiquette für de.*. in de.newusers.questions. 

• Anonymous FTP Sitelist, in comp.archives. Dreiundzwanzigteilig. 

• World Wide Web FAQ, Introduction, in 

comp.infosystems.www. Von THOMAS BOUTELL. 

• comp.graphics.algorithms FAQ, in 

comp.graphics.algorithms. 

• comp.text FAQ, in comp.text. 

• TeX, LaTeX, Dante e. V. FAQ, in de.comp.text.tex. Elfteilig. 

• alt.comp.virus FAQ, in comp.virus. Dreiteilig. 

Natürlich gibt es auch FAQs zu Themen außerhalb der Informatik, 

beispielsweise de.rec.fahrrad FAQ, sechsteilig und 

monatlich in der Newsgruppe de.rec.fahrrad zu finden.

U Abkürzungen aus Informatik 

und Telekommunikation 

Gehen wir von 30 Zeichen aus, aus denen Abkürzungen gebildet 

werden, und nehmen wir eine größte Länge von 5 Zeichen 

an, so lassen sich 25.137.930 verschiedene Abkürzungen bilden 

(Kombinationen mit Wiederholung und Berücksichtigung der 

Reihenfolge). Es folgt eine Auswahl von rund 13000 Abkürzungen 

aus den Bereichen Informatik und Telekommunikation. Die 

Abkürzungen werden hier durchgehend groß geschrieben, Akzente, 

Bindestriche und dergleichen wurden weggelassen. Einige 

Abkürzungen sind geschützte Namen; diese sind nicht gekennzeichnet. 

Die Liste beschreibt nur den Gebrauch, sie legt nicht 

eine Definition fest. 

16CIF 16 times Common Intermediate Format (Picture Format) 

16QAM 16-state Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 

1GL 1st Generation Language (Maschinencode) 

1TR6 (ISDN-Protokoll D-Kanal, national) 

2GL 2nd Generation Language (Assembler) 

2L8 Too Late (Slang) 

2MS Strukturierte Monopolleitung 2 Mbit/s 

3GIO 3rd Generation I/O (Bus, Interface) 

3GL 3rd Generation Language (C/C++, Fortran, Cobol) 

3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Program 

3LH 3rd Level Hierarchy 

3PCC 3rd Party Call Control 

4CIF 4 times Common Intermediate Format (Picture Format) 

4GL 4th Generation Language (SQL, Labview, ABAP) 

4LH 4th Level Hierarchy 

5GL 5th Generation Language 

64QAM 64-state Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 

6GL 6th Generation Language 

7E1 (Zeichenformat: 7 Bits/Zeichen, parity even, 1 Stopbit) 

8N1 (Zeichenformat: 8 Bits/Zeichen, no parity bit, 1 Stopbit) 

10GE 10 GBit/s Ethernet 

131

132ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI 

A Advanced, American, Amplitude, Application, Architecture, Area, A 

A2DP Advanced Audio Distribution Profile 

AA Access Authorization 

AA Aiming Algorithm 

AA Anti-Aliasing 

AA Arbitrary Access 

AA Assistant Administrator 

AA Audits + Assessments 

AA Auto Answer 

AAA Authentication, Authorization, Accounting (system) 

AAAA Aussuchen – Auspacken – Anpassen – Anwenden 

AAAAAA Association for the Abolition of Abused Abbreviations and Asinine 

AAAI American Association of Artificial Intelligence 

AAB All-to-All Broadcast 

AAC Advanced Audio Coder/Coding 

AAC Apple Assistance Center 

AACD Academic Administrative Computing Services 

AACE Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education 

AACR Anglo-American Cataloging Rules 

AACS Advanced/Automated Access Content/Control System 

AACS Ann Arbor Computer Society 

AACS Asynchronous Address Communication System 

AACS Automated Analog Circuit Synthesis 

AAD Address Adder 

AADP Administrative Automatic Data Processing 

AAE Allgemeine Anschalt-Erlaubnis 

AAE Automatische Anrufeinrichtung 

AAFID Autonomous Agent For Intrusion Detection 

AAIC Accounting Authority Identification Code 

AAL Absolute Assembly Language 

AAL Asynchronous Transfer Mode Adaption Layer 

AAL ATM Adaptation Layer 

AALPDU AAL Protocol Data Unit 

AAM Automatic Acoustic Management 

AAMOF As A Matter Of Fact (Slang) 

AAN Associated Account Number 

AAP Advanced Adaptive Protocol 

AAP Applications Access Point

133 

AAP Association of American Publishers 

AAPI Audio Applications Programming Interface 

AAR Anfangsadressregister 

AARP AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol 

AAS All-to-All Scatter 

AAS Arithmetic Assignment Statement 

AASP ASCII Asynchronous Support Package 

AAT Average Access Time 

AATIS Arbeitskreis Amateurfunk und Telekommunikation in der Sch 

AATP Authorized Academic Training Program 

AAUI Apple Attachment Unit Interface 

AAVD Automatic Alternate Voice Data 

AB Anrufbeantworter 

AB Ausser Betrieb 

ABAP Advanced Business Application Programming (SAP) 

ABB ASEA Brown Boveri (Schweiz) 

ABC American Broadcasting Company 

ABC Applications of Broadband Communication 

ABC Atanasoff-Berry-Computer 

ABC Automatic Brightness Control 

ABCD Add, Browse, Change, Delete 

ABCS Advanced Business Communications via Satellite 

ABD Automatic Baudrate Detection 

ABEND Abnormal End 

ABF Adobe Binary Screen Font 

ABI Application Binary Interface 

ABIC Access Bus Industry Group 

ABIOS Advanced Basic Input Output System 

ABIST Automatic Built-In Self Test 

ABK Arbeitskreis Bildkommunikation 

ABLE Adaptive Battery Life Extender 

ABLE Agent Building and Learning Environment 

ABM Anything But Microsoft 

ABM Asynchronous Balanced Mode 

ABN Australian Bibliographic Network 

ABNF Augmented Backus-Naur Form 

ABNS Application Based Network Services 

ABR Automated Beacon Removal 

ABR Available Bit Rate 

ABRD Automatic Baud Rate Detection


ABRS Automated Book Request System 

ABS Address Book Synchronization 

ABS Authorized Bearer Services (Exceptions) 

ABS Automatic Backup Shutdown 

ABT Abort 

ABT ATM Block Transfer 

ABTDT ATM Block Transfer Delayed Transmission 

ABTIT ATM Block Transfer Immediate Transmission 

ABTS ASCII Block Terminal Services 

AC Access/Automatic Control 

AC Access Concentrator 

AC Accumulator 

AC Advisory Committee 

AC Alternating Current 

AC Analogue Computer 

AC Arc Consistency 

AC Audio Code/Codec/Coding 

AC Authority Center 

AC Auto Check 

ACA Application Control Architecture (DEC) 

ACAP Application Configuration Access Protocol 

ACAP Automated Content Access Protocol 

ACAS Application Control Architecture Services 

ACATS Advisory Committee on Advanced Television Systems 

ACC Abnormal Condition Control 

ACC Access 

ACC Accumulator 

ACC Adaptive Cruise Control 

ACC Area Communication Controller 

ACCMAIL Accessing the Internet via Email 

ACCU Association of C and C++ Users 

ACD Automated/Automatic Call Director/Distributor/Distribution 

ACDF Access Control Decision Function 

ACDG Automatic Call Distribution Group 

ACDI Asynchronous Communication Device Interface 

ACDP Australian Committee on Data Processing 

ACE A Compact Evaluated Nuclear Data File 

ACE Access Control Encryption/Entry 

ACE Adaptive Communication Environment 

ACE Additional Core Enhancements

135 

ACE Adobe Certified Expert 

ACE Advanced Computing Environment (SCO) 

ACE Adverse Channel Enhancement 

ACE ASCII Compatible Encoding 

ACE Automatic Calling Equipment 

ACELP Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction 

ACF Access Control Field 

ACF Admission Confirmation 

ACF Advanced Communication Function 

ACF Attribute Configuration File 

ACFC Address and Control Field Compression 

ACFM Alternating Current Frequency Modulation 

ACH Automeated Clearing House 

ACI Access Control Information 

ACI Adjacent Channel Interference 

ACI Advanced Chip Interconnection 

ACI Advanced Computing Initiative 

ACI American Computer Innovators 

ACI Application Communication Interface 

ACIA Access Control Inner Area 

ACIA Asynchronous Communication Interface Adapter 

ACIAS Automated Calibration Internal Analysis System 

ACID Add, Change, Inquire, Delete 

ACID Analysis Console for Intrusion Databases 

ACID Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability 

ACIS American Committee for Interoperable Systems 

ACK Acknowledge/Acknowledgement 

ACK Amsterdam Compiler Kit 

ACL Access Control List 

ACL Account Classification 

ACL Advanced Computing Laboratory 

ACL Agent Communication Language 

ACL Application Connectivity Link 

ACL Asynchronous Connectionless Link 

ACLS Accounting Class Packet Services 

ACLU American Civil Liberties Union, USA 

ACM Association for Computing Machinery, USA 

ACM Audio Compression Manager 

ACME Assembling Configuration Management Environments 

ACMS Application Control Management System


ACONET Akademisches Computer-Netz, Österrreich 

ACOPS Automatic CPU Overheat Prevention System 

ACOS Additional Call Offering Service 

ACP Analog Copy Protection 

ACP Ancillary Control Program 

ACP Automatic Channel Programming 

ACP Auxiliary Control Process 

ACP Average CPU Power 

ACPI Advanced Configuration and Power Interface 

ACPICA Advanced Configuration and Power Management Interface Compo 

ACR Advanced Communication Riser 

ACR Allowed Cell Rate 

ACR Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio 

ACRG Access Code Restriction Group 

ACROSS Automated Cargo Release and Operations Service System 

ACS Access Control Server/Set/System 

ACS Account Control System 

ACS Advanced Communication/Computer System 

ACS Aldus Color File 

ACS Anti Curl System 

ACS Asynchronous Communication Server 

ACSA Access Control Specific Area 

ACSE Association Control Service Element/Entity 

ACSK Adaptive Code Shift Keying 

ACSNET Australian Computer Science Network 

ACSR Automatic Customer Station Rearrangement 

ACSS Audio Cascading Style Sheet 

ACT Advanced Communication for Training 

ACT Applied Computerized Telephony (HP) 

ACTA America’s Carriers Telecommunication Association 

ACTI Advanced Computational Technology Initiative 

ACTL Access Customer Terminal Location 

ACTLU Active Logical Unit 

ACTPU Active Physical Unit 

ACTS Advanced Communications Technologies and Services 

ACTS Advanced Communications Technology Satellite 

ACTS Automated Computer Time Service (NIST) 

ACTT Advanced Communication and Timekeeping Technology 

ACTU Active User 

ACTV Advanced Compatible Television

137 

ACU Access Control Unit 

ACU Acknowledgement Signal Unit 

ACU Automatic Calling Unit 

ACVC Ada Compiler Validation Capacity 

ACWT Analog Call Waiting 

A/D Analog/Digital 

AD Active Directory 

AD Administrative Domain 

AD Assignment Date 

ADA Adobe Developers Association 

ADA Applied Decision Analysis 

ADA Automatic Data Acquisition 

ADABAS Adaptable Database System 

ADAIC Ada Information Clearinghouse 

ADAM Automatischer Datenmessplatz 

ADAM Art, Design, Architecture + Media Information Gateway 

ADAT Alesis Digital Audio Tape 

ADB Apple Desktop Bus 

ADB Authentication Database 

ADC Adaptive Data Compression 

ADC Add with Carry 

ADC Analogue to Digital Converter 

ADC Apple Developer Connection 

ADC Apple Display Connector 

ADC Application Development Classes 

ADCCP Advanced Data Communication Control Procedure/Protocol 

ADD Adapter Device Driver 

ADD Architecture Design Document 

ADD Automatic Document Detection 

ADDMD Administration Directory Management Domain 

ADDX Assoziation Deutschsprachiger DXer 

ADE Advanced Document Engineering 

ADE Application Development Environment 

ADEOS Advanced Earth Observation Satellite, Japan 

ADEPA Agence Nationale pour le Developpement de la Production Aut 

ADF Adaptor Description File 

ADF Address Distribution Facility 

ADF Arbeitskreis Digitale Fotografie 

ADF Automatic Direction Finder/Finding 

ADF Automatic Document Feed/Feeder


ADF Automatically Defined Function 

ADFS Acorn/Advanced Disc File/Filing System 

ADI Agence de l’Informatique 

ADI Autodesk Device Interface 

ADIOS Automated Download and Installation of Operating Systems 

ADISS Analytical Data Interchange + Storage Standards 

ADL Above Detection Limit 

ADL Address Data Latch 

ADL Adventure Definition Language 

ADLAT Adaptive Lattice Filter 

ADLC Adaptive Lossless Data Compression 

ADLC Asynchronous Data Link Control 

ADM Add/Drop-Multiplexer 

ADM Aggregate Data Manager 

ADM Application Development Modul 

ADM Arrow Diagram Method 

ADM Asynchronous Disconnected Mode 

ADM Automatic Drive Maintenance 

ADMACS Apple Document Management And Control System 

ADMD Administrative/Administration Management Domain (X.400) 

ADO ActiveX Data Object 

ADP Administrative/Automatic Data Processing 

ADP AOLserver Dynamic Pages 

ADP Automatic Data Processing 

ADPCM Adaptive Delta/Differential Pulse Code Modulation/Modulator 

ADR Address 

ADR Advanced Digital Recording 

ADRC Adaptive Dynamic Range Coding 

ADRD Automatic Data Rate Detection 

ADRES Automatic Dynamic Range Expansion System 

ADS Active Directory Service 

ADS Aktiver Diagnose-Stecker 

ADS Alternate Data Stream 

ADS Application Development Solutions/System 

ADS AutoCAD Development System 

ADS Automated Data Service 

ADS Automatic Distribution System 

ADSC Address Status Changed 

ADSC Adobe Document Structuring Conventions 

ADSI Active/Advanced Directory Service Interface

139 

ADSI Analog Display Services Interface 

ADSL Asymmetric(al) Digital Subscriber Line/Loop 

ADSM Adstar Distributed Storage Manager (IBM) 

ADSP AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol 

ADSR Attack, Decay, Sustain, Release 

ADT Abrechnungsdatenträger 

ADT Abstrakter Datentyp 

ADT Advanced DRAM Technology 

ADT Application Data Type 

ADTV Advanced Definition Television 

ADU Automatic Dialing Unit 

ADVISE Analysis, Dissemination, Visualization, Insight, and Semantic 

ADX Automatic Data Exchange 

ADXVERZ Amtliches Verzeichnis der DATEX-Teilnehmer 

AE Above or Equal 

AE Application Entity 

AEB Analogue Expansion Bus 

AEC Architectural and Engineering Construction 

AEC Ars Electronica Center 

AEC Availability Environment Classification 

AECG Advanced Embedded Codes Gateway 

AED Abfrageeinrichtung für Datenverkehr 

AEEC Airlines Engineering Electronics Committee 

AEG Allgemeine Electricitäts-Gesellschaft 

AEH Advanced Encapsulated Hypertext 

AEI Additional Equipment Interface 

AEIOUS Advanced Enhanced Interface for Open Universal Systems 

AEM Acoustic Emission Monitoring 

AEM Asynchronous Event Mechanism 

AEM Automatic Emulation Management 

AEMS Automated Energy Management System 

AEN Acknowledgment Error Notification 

AEP AppleTalk Echo Protocol 

AEP Application Environment Profile (Posix) 

AES Advanced Encryption Standard 

AES Application Environment Specification/Services 

AET Abstract Window Toolkit 

AET Advanced Educational Technology 

AET Application Entity Title 

AF Alternative/Audio Frequency


AF Anzunehmender Fehler 

AF Auxiliary Carry Flag 

AFA Accelerated File Access 

AFA Association des Fournisseurs d’Acces et de Services Internet 

AFAIAA As Far As I Am Aware (Slang) 

AFAIC As Far As I am Concerned (Slang) 

AFAIK As Far As I Know (Slang) 

AFAIKT As Far As I Know Today (Slang) 

AFAIR As Far As I Remember (Slang) 

AFB Adobe Font Binary 

AFC Antiferro-magnetically Coupled (media) 

AFC Automatic Font Change 

AFC Automatic Frequency Control 

AFCCU Advanced Function Common Control Unit 

AFD Automatic File Distribution 

AFDM Advanced Fluid Dynamics Model 

AFDW Active Framework for Data Warehousing 

AFE Analog Front End 

AFF Adaptive Feed Forward 

AFFS Amiga Fast File System 

AFH Adaptive Frequency Hopping 

AFI Authority and Format Identifier 

AFII Association for Font Information Interchange 

AFIN Association Française des Informaticiens 

AFIPS American Federation of Information Processing Societies 

AFIRM Automated Fingerprint Image Reporting and Match 

AFIS Automated Fingerprint Identification System 

AFJ April Fool’s Joke (Slang) 

AFK Away From Keyboard (Slang) 

AFM Adobe Font Manager/Metrics 

AFM Audio Frequency Modulation 

AFN American Forces Network 

AFNIC Association Francaise pour le Nommage Internet en Cooperation 

AFNOR Association Française de Normalisation 

AFOD Angebot für Online-Dienste 

AFP Advanced Flexible Processor 

AFP Advanced Function Presentation/Printing 

AFP AppleTalk Filing Protocol 

AFR Alternate Frame Rendering 

AFR Annualized Failure Rate

141 

AFR Arndt-Ford-Roper Two-pole Fit 

AFS Advanced Freephone Service 

AFS Alex/Andrew/Advanced File System 

AFSK Audio Frequency Shift Keyer/Keying (Modulation) 

AFT Adapter Fault Tolerance 

AFTEL Association Francaise de la Telematique Multimedia 

AFTN Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network 

AFTP Anonymous FTP (Internet) 

AFU alt.folklore.urban 

AFUG Amateurfunkgesetz 

AFUL Association francophone des utilisateurs de Linux et des logici 

AFUU Association Française des Utilisateurs d’UNIX 

AFUUSO Association Française des Utilisateurs d’UNIX et des Systeme 

AFUV Amateurfunkverordnung 

AG Alternating Gradient 

AGA Advanced Graphics Adapter/Architecture 

AGAF Arbeitsgemeinschaft Amateurfunkfernsehen 

AGC Automatic Gain Control 

AGCH Access Grant Channel 

AGCS Advanced Graphic Chip Set 

AGCW Arbeitsgemeinschaft CW 

AGDX Arbeitsgemeinschaft DX e. V., Erlangen 

AGE Automatische Gebührenerfassung 

AGFMB Arbeitsgemeinschaft Freier Mailboxen 

AGFPL Aladdin Ghostscript Free Public License 

AGL Adobe Glyph List 

AGNES Automatisches GPS-Netz Schweiz 

AGP Accelerated Graphics Port 

AGP Advanced Graphics Package (HP) 

AGPL Affero General Public License (GNU) 

AGRAS Antiglare Antireflective Antistatic 

AGU Address Generation Unit 

AGUI Advanced Graphical User Interface 

AGV Automatic Guided Vehicle 

AH Authentication Header 

AHB Advanced High Performance Bus 

AHC Advanced High Speed CMOS 

AHCI Advanced Host Controller Interface 

AHDL Altera Hardware Description Language 

AHRA Audio Home Recording Act


AHREF Anchor Hypertext Reference 

AI Adobe Illustrator 

AI Analogue Input 

AI Artificial Intelligence 

AI Active Interface 

AIA Application Integrated Architecture (DEC) 

AIC AIX Windows Interface Composer 

AID Alarm Identification on Demand 

AIDA Attention, Interest, Desire, Action 

AIDS Activity Information Data System 

AIDS Anomaly-based Intrusion Detection System 

AIDS Automatic Installation and Diagnostic Service 

AIFF Adobe/Audio Interchange File Format 

AII Active Input Interface 

AII Attachement Individual Identifier 

AIIM Association for Information and Image Management 

AIK Angewandte Informatik Karlsruhe e. V. 

AIM Advanced Informatics 

AIM AOL Instant Messenger 

AIM Automatic Interface Management in Medicine 

AIM Apple, Intel, Motorola 

AIMB As I Mentioned Before (Slang) 

AIML Artificial Intelligence Markup Language 

AIMM AGP In-line Memory Module 

AIMS Advanced Information Management System 

AIMS Apple Internet Mail Server 

AIN Advanced Intelligent Network 

AIN Auto Insert Notification 

AIO All In One 

AIO Annual Inspection + Overhaul 

AIOD Automatic Identification of Outward Dialing 

AIP Adaptive Internet Protocol 

AIP Application Infrastructure Provider 

AIP Archive Information Package 

AIPS Astronomical Image Processing System 

AIR Architecture Implementation Review 

AIR Automated Image and Restore 

AIS Account Information Security (Program) 

AIS Administrative/Affiliate Information System 

AIS Alarm Indication Signal/System

AIS Application Integration Services 

AIS Artificial Immune System 

AIS Audit Information System (SAP) 

AIS Automated Identification/Information System 

AIS Autonomous Intelligent System 

AISB Association of Imaging Service Bureaus 

AISI As I See It (Slang) 

AISP Association of Information Systems Professionals 

AIT Advanced Information Technology 

AIT Advanced Intelligent Tape 

AIUI As I Understand It (Slang) 

AIW APPN Implementor’s Workshop 

AIX Advanced Interactive Executive (IBM) 

AJAX Asynchronous Javascript And XML 

AJC Anti-Jitter Circuit 

AKA Also Known As (Slang) 

AKF Autokorrelationsfunktion 

AKI Arbeitskreis Informatik 

AKL Agent Kernel Language 

AKS Arbeitskreis Schule (in der GUUG) 

AKSIS Arbeitskreis Schutz von Infrastrukturen 

AL Application Layer 

AL Arbitrated Loop 

AL Assembly Language 

AL Aussagenlogik 

ALA American Library Association 

ALAT Advanced Load Address Table 

ALB Adaptive Load Balancing 

ALC Arithmetic and Logic Circuit 

ALC Automatic Level Control 

ALDC Advanced Lossless Data Compression 

ALE Address Latch Enable 

ALE Address Lifetime Expectancy 

ALE Application Link Enabling 

ALE Application Linking and Embedding 

ALEC Alternative Local Exchange Carrier 

ALEX A Lexical Programming Language 

ALEX Advertising Link Exchange 

ALEX Altlasten-Expertensystem 

ALEX Automatic Login Executor 

143


ALEX Automated/Automatic Labour Exchange 

ALF Accurate positioning by Low Frequency 

ALG Application Level Gateway 

ALGOL Algorithmic Language 

ALI American Law Institute 

ALI Automatic Link Intelligence 

ALIBI Adaptive Location of Internetworked Bases of Inforamtion 

ALICE Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity 

ALINK Active Link 

ALIS Automatic Link Setup 

ALIWEB Archie Like Indexing in the Web 

ALM Application Loadable Modul 

ALN Asynchronous Learning Network 

ALOE Apple Library for Object Embedding 

ALOS Auto LISP Object System 

ALP Assembly Language Preprocessor 

ALP Automatic Language Processing 

ALPM Aggressive Link Power Management 

ALRU Automatic Line Record Update 

ALS Advanced Low Power Schottky 

ALSA Advanced Linux Sound Architecture 

ALT Alternate 

ALT Anti Leech Tracker 

ALU Arithmetic Logic/Logical Unit 

ALWR Arbeitskreis der Leiter Wissenschaftlicher Rechenzentren 

AM Amplitudenmodulation 

AM Anschlussmodul 

AM Anwendungsmodul 

AM Application Maintainer (Debian) 

AMA Active Member Addressing (Bluetooth) 

AMA Automatic Message Accounting 

AMANDDA Automated Messaging and Directory Assistance 

AMASS Archival Management And Storage System 

AMB Advanced Memory Buffer 

AMBA Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture 

AMBW All My Best Wishes (Slang) 

AMC Arbitration and Mediation Center 

AMD Active Matrix Display 

AMD Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., USA 

AMDD Agile Modelling Driven Development

145 

AMDS Amplitude Modulation Data System 

AME Advanced Metal Evaporated 

AMF All Media Floppy 

AMH Automated Materials Handling 

AMI Alternate/Alternative Mark Inversion 

AMI American Microsystems Inc. 

AMI Application Messaging Interface 

AML ACPI Machine Language 

AML Acronym Master List 

AMLCD Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Display 

AMMA Advanced Memory Management Architecture 

AMO Administration and Maintenance Order 

AMP Advanced Metal Powder 

AMP Asymmetric/Asynchronous Multi Processing 

AMP Audio MPEG Player 

AMPL A Mathematical Programming Language 

AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service/System 

AMR Adaptive Mesh Refinement 

AMR Adaptive Multi Rate (Audio Codec) 

AMR Anisotropic Magnetoresistance 

AMR Audio Modem Riser 

AMRA Ants-based Mobile Routing Architecture 

AMRIS Adhoc Multicast Routing Protocol Utilizing Increasing ID-Num 

AMRR Adaptive Multi Rate Retry 

AMS American Mathematical Society 

AMS Andrew Message System 

AMT Apple Media Toolkit 

AMTEC Ausstellung für Amateurfunktechnik, Elektronik, Computer 

AMTOR Amateur Microcomputer Teleprinting Over Radio 

AMVER Atlantic/Automatic Merchant Vessel (Emergency) Reporting S 

AMVER Automated Mutual Assistance Vessel Rescue System 

AN Access Network 

AN Accession/Associated Number 

ANAC Automatic Number Announcement Circuit 

ANARC Association of North American Radio Clubs 

ANDF Architecture Neutral Distribution Format 

ANF Additional Network Feature 

ANFSCD And Now For Something Completely Different (Slang) 

ANI Automatic Number Identification (Telefon) 

ANIS Analoger Anschluss an einer ISDN-Vermittlungsstelle


ANL Argonne National Laboratory, USA 

ANL Automatic Noise Limiter 

ANN Artificial Neural Network 

ANR Advanced/Automatic Network Routing 

ANRS Automatic Noise Reduction System 

ANS Access Network System 

ANS Advanced Networking Services (Intel) 

ANS American National Standard 

ANSA Advances Network Systems Architecture 

ANSI American National Standards Institute 

ANTC Advanced Networking Test Center 

ANTIOPE Aquisition Numerique et Televisualisition d’Images Organisees en 

ANW International Academic Networking Workshop 

AO Analogue Output 

AOC Abnormal Operating Condition 

AOC ADSL Overhead Control 

AOC Advice Of Charge 

AOCE Apple Open Collaboration Environment 

AOD Advanced Optical Disc 

AOD Audio On Demand 

AODBS Aspect Oriented Database System 

AODI Always On Dynamic ISDN 

AODV Ad hoc On demand Distance Vector 

AOE Application Operating Environment (AT&T) 

AOE ATA over Ethernet 

AOI Active Output Interface 

AOL America Online, Inc. 

AOM Annual Operating + Maintenance (cost) 

AOP Aspect Oriented Programming 

AOR Atlantic Ocean Region 

AOS Add Or Subtract 

AOS Advanced Operating System 

AOSD Aspect Oriented Software Development 

AOSE Agent Oriented Software Engineering 

AOSS AirStation One-touch Secure System 

AOT Absolutely Off Topic (News) 

AOT Ahead Of Time (compilation) 

AOT Application Object Template/Tree 

AOW Asia and Oceania Workshop (OSI) 

AP Access Point

AP Adjunct/Application Processor 

AP Application/Adjunct Process/Processor/Program 

AP Automatic Pagination 

APA All Points Addressable 

APA Adaptive Packet Assembly 

APA All Points Addressable 

APA Arithmetic Processing Accelerator 

APA Amateur Press Association 

APAA Aggressive Packet Adaptive Assembly 

APAR Authorized Program Analysis Report (IBM) 

APAREN Address Parity Enable 

APART Automated Packet Recognition/Translation 

APB Advanced Peripheral Bus 

APC Application Protocol 

APC Association for Progressive Communications 

APC Arbeitsplatzcomputer 

APC Airborne Public Correspondence 

APC Automated Production Protocol 

APCUG Association of PC Users Groups 

APD Areal Power Density 

APDA Apple Programmers and Developers Association 

APDU Application Protocol Data Unit 

APE Abgesetzte Periphere Einheit 

APE Adaptable Persistence Engine 

APEX Advanced Packet Exchange 

APEX Application Exchange 

APF Active Port Forwarding 

APG Automated Password Generator 

API Application Program/Programming Interface 

APIA Application Program Interface Association 

APIC Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller 

APIM ATM Interface Port Module 

APIPA Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing 

APL A Programming Language 

APL Application Program Library 

APM Advanced Power Management 

APN Access Point Name 

APN Actual Private Network 

APNIC Asia Pacific Network Information Centre 

APO Advanced Planner and Optimizer (SAP) 

147


APOL Alternate Person On Line (Slang) 

APOP Authenticated Post Office Protocol 

APP Application Portability Profile 

APP Automatic Page Positioning 

APPC Advanced Program to Program Communication/Converter (IBM) 

APPI Advanced Peer-to-Peer Internetworking 

APPN Advanced Peer-to-Peer Network/Networking (IBM) 

APR Access Point Roaming 

APR Acoustic Pulse Recognition 

APR Apache Portable Runtime (layer, library) 

APRIL Active/Passive Radio Interference Lock 

APRIL Adaptive Photonic Reflection by Inverted Light 

APRIL Advanced Power Recycling by Integrated Logic 

APRIL Adverse Psychiatric Reactions Information Link 

APRIL Association for Promotion and Research in Linux 

APRIL Association pour la Promotion et la Recherche en Informatique libr 

APRP Adaptive Pattern Recognition Processing 

APRS Automatic Position Report/Reporting System 

APS Active Pixel Sensor 

APS Advanced Planning and Scheduling 

APS Advanced Printing/Production/Photo System 

APS Array Processing System 

APS Asynchronous Protocol Specification 

APS Automatic Position Select 

APS Asynchronous Protocol Specification 

APS Auto Pilot System 

APS Assembly Programming System 

APSE Ada Programming/Project Support Environment 

APSL Apple Public Source License 

APSN Atlantic Packet Satellite Network 

APT Address Pass Through 

APT Adobe Postscript Point 

APT Advanced Package Tool 

APT Advanced Parallel Technology 

APT Almost Plain Text 

APT Application Program Title 

APT Automatically Programmed Tools 

APU Attached Processing Unit 

AQL A Query Language 

AQL Acceptable Quality Level

149 

AR Access Router 

AR Artificial/Augmented Reality 

AR Aspect Ratio 

AR Augmented Reality 

ARA Apple/AppleTalk Remote Access 

ARAG Antireflective Antiglare 

ARAP Apple Remote Access Protocol 

ARAS Antireflective Antistatic 

ARB Adaptive Rate Based 

ARB Architectural/Architecture Review Board 

ARC Acceptable Risk Calculator 

ARC Acoustic Resonance Control 

ARC Advanced RISC Computing 

ARCA Advanced RISC Computing Architecture 

ARCNET Attached Resource Computer/Computing Network 

ARD Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Rundfunkanstalten Deutschlands 

ARD Apple Remote Desktop 

ARDF Amateur Radio Direction Finding 

ARES Annuaire Recherche Enseignement Superieur 

ARF Abuse Reporting Format 

ARI Autofahrer Rundfunk Information 

ARIN American Registry for Internet Numbers 

ARIS Architecture of Integrated Information Systems 

ARJ Admission Reject 

ARL Adjusted Ring Length 

ARL Association of Research Liberaries, USA 

ARL Authority Revocation List 

ARLL Advanced Run Length Limited 

ARM Account Resource Management 

ARM Acorn/Advanced RISC Machine 

ARM Advanced RISC Machine 

ARM Annotated Reference Manual 

ARM Application Response Measurment 

ARM Arpanet Reference Model 

ARM Asynchronous Response Mode 

ARMA Association of Records Managers and Administrators, USA 

ARMM Automated Retroactive Minimal Moderation 

ARMS Architecture for Reliable Managed Storage 

ARNE Automated Remote Network Evaluation 

ARNS AppleTalk Remote Network Server


AROM Associative Read Only Memory 

ARP Address Resolution Protocol (Internet) 

ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency, USA 

ARPA Automatic Radar Plotting Aid 

ARPL Adjust Requested Privilege Level 

ARPU Average Revenue Per Unit/User 

ARQ Admission Request 

ARQ Automatic Repeat Request 

ARR Annual Return Rate 

ARR Automatic Repeat/Retransmission Request 

ARRL American Radio Relay League 

ARS Activity Reporting System 

ARS Adaptive Rate System 

ARS Address Retrieval System 

ARS Atomic Resolution Storage 

ARS Automatic Route Selection 

ARSB Automated Repair Service Bureau 

ART Adaptive Reasoning Technology 

ART Another Ray Tracer 

ART Autorite de Regulation des Telecommunications 

ARTA Apple Real Time Architecture 

ARTIC A Real-Time Interface Coprocessor (IBM) 

ARTOB Amateur Radio Translator on Balloon 

ARTS Asynchronous Remote Takeover Server 

ARTT Asynchronous Remote Takeover Terminal 

ARU Audio Response Unit 

AS Abstract Syntax 

AS Anschlusssatz 

AS Application System (IBM) 

AS Authentication Server/Service 

AS Autonomous System 

AS3AP ANSI SQL Standard Scalable and Portable 

ASA American Standards Association 

ASA Advanced SCSI Architecture 

ASA Adaptive Security Algorithm 

ASAI Adjunct Switch Application Interface 

ASAM Arbeitskreis zur Standardisierung von Automatisierungs- und Me 

ASAP As Soon As Possible (Slang) 

ASAP Automatic Switching And Processing 

ASB Advanced System Buffering/Bus

151 

ASB Alarm-Signal-Bearbeitung 

ASC Accredited Standards Committee (ANSI) 

ASC Auditor Security Collection 

ASC Authorized Service/Support Center 

ASCC Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (IBM) 

ASCI Accelerated/Advanced Strategic Computing Initiative 

ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange 

ASCIIZ ASCII String, Zero Terminated 

ASCOM Asynchronous Communication Control Program 

ASD Adaptive Software Development 

ASD Application Structure Database 

ASD Automatic Skip Driver 

ASDF Another System Definition Facility 

ASDF Association of Synchronous Data Formats 

ASDF Average Squared Difference Function 

ASE Advanced Server Environment 

ASE Amplified Spontaneous Emission 

ASEA Allmänna Svenska Electricitets-Aktiebolag, Schweden 

ASF Active Movie Streaming Format 

ASF Active/Advanced Streaming Format 

ASF Apache Software Foundation 

ASF Aspect Source Flag 

ASI Adapter Support Interface (IBM) 

ASI Alarm-Signal-Initialisierung 

ASI Application Specific Instruction 

ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit 

ASIN Amazon Standard Identification Number 

ASIO Audio Stream Input Output 

ASIP Application Specific Instruction Set Processor 

ASIS Ada Semantic Interface Specification 

ASIS American Society for Industrial Security 

ASIS American Society for Information Science 

ASIT Advanced Security and Identification Technology 

ASK Akademische Software Kooperation, Karlsruhe 

ASK Amplitude Shift Keying 

ASL ACPI (Control Method) Source Language 

ASL Adaptive Speed Levelling 

ASL Architectural Space Laboratory, Zürich 

ASLM Apple Shared Library Manager 

ASLR Address Space Layout Randomization


ASM Abstract State Machine 

ASM Any Source Multicast 

ASM Application Specific Memory 

ASM Automated Storage Management 

ASMP Asymmetric Multi Processing 

ASN Abstract Syntax Notation 

ASN Access Stack Node 

ASN Autonomous System Number 

ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation One (ISO, CCITT) 

ASO Active Sideband Optimum 

ASO Address Supporting Organization 

ASO Automated Systems Operation 

ASP Active Server Page/Pages 

ASP Advanced Signal Processor 

ASP Advanced Simple Profile 

ASP Allegiance Site License Program 

ASP AppleTalk Session Protocol 

ASP Application Service Provider 

ASP Association of Shareware Professionals 

ASP Attached Support Processor 

ASP Authorized Service Provider/Providing 

ASPEC Adaptive Spectral Perceptual Entropy Encoding 

ASPI Advanced SCSI Programming Interface 

ASPM Active State Power Management 

ASPS Advanced Signal Processing System 

ASQ Automated Software Quality 

ASR Ada Software Repository 

ASR Address Space Register 

ASR Automatic Send Receive 

ASR Automatic Speech Recognition 

ASR Automatic System Recovery 

ASRO Asociata de Standardizare din Romania 

ASS Aural Style Sheet 

AST Anwendungsschnittstelle 

ASTA Anti Spam Technical Alliance 

ASTAB Asychronous Status Board 

ASTRA Association Tunesienne des Radio Amateurs 

ASU Asynchron/Synchron-Umsetzer 

ASUG America’s SAP Users’ Group 

ASV Advanced Super View

153 

AT Atomic Time 

AT Advanced/Assistive Technology 

AT Attention (Hayes) 

AT Attenuator 

ATA Analog Telefon/Terminal Adapter 

ATA AT (Bus) Attachment (Interface) 

ATA Advanced Technology Attachment 

ATAPI AT Attachment Packet Interface 

ATB All Trunks Busy 

ATC Adaptive Transform Coding 

ATC Address Translation Cache 

ATC Advanced Transfer Cache 

ATC ATM Transfer Capability 

ATCA Advanced Telecom Computing Architecture 

ATCP AppleTalk Control Protocol 

ATDM Asynchronous Time Division Multiplexing 

ATDMA Advanced/Asynchronous Time Division Multiple Access 

ATDP Attention Dial Pulse (Hayes) 

ATDT Attention Dial Tone (Hayes) 

ATE Automated/Automatic Test/Testing Equipment 

ATF Automatic Track Finding/Following 

ATF Asynchronous Transfer 

ATFSM Ask The Friendly System Manager (Slang) 

ATH Abbreviated Trouble History 

ATH Attention Hangup (Hayes) 

ATIM Ad-hoc Traffic Indication Map/Message 

ATIP Absolute Time In Pregroove 

ATIS A Tools Integration Standard 

ATIS Automatic Terminal Information Service 

ATIS Automatic Transmitter Identification System 

ATK Andrew Toolkit 

ATKIS Amtliches Topographisch-Kartographisches Informationssyste 

ATL Active Template Library 

ATL Automatic Tape Library 

ATLAS Abreviated Test Language for All Systems 

ATM Adobe Type/Typeface Manager 

ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode 

ATM At The Moment (Slang) 

ATM Automated/Automatic Teller Machine 

ATMARP ATM Address Resolution Protocol


ATM-CC ATM Crossconnect 

ATMP Ascend Tunnel Management Protocol 

ATN Aeronautical Telecommunications Network 

ATO Assemble/Assembly To Order 

ATOM Advanced Terminal for Operation and Maintenance 

ATP Acceptance Test Procedure 

ATP AppleTalk Transaction Protocol 

ATP Adaptive Tolerant Protocol 

ATPS AppleTalk Printing Services 

ATR Answer To Reset 

ATR Attribute 

ATR Automatic Terminal Recognition 

ATRAC Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding 

ATRC Adaptive Technology Resource Center, U. of Toronto 

ATS Administrative Terminal System 

ATS Advanced Training Solution 

ATS Apple Terminal Services 

ATS Author Title Subject 

ATS Automatic Transfer Switch 

ATSC Advanced Television Systems Committee 

ATST At The Same Time (Slang) 

AT&T American Telephone and Telegraph 

ATT Attenuator 

ATT At This Time (Slang) 

ATTC Advanced Television Test Center, USA 

ATV Advanced/Amateur Television 

ATX Advanced Technology Extended 

AU Administrative/Arithmetic/Access Unit 

AUA Architecture Unifiee d’Applications 

AUC Authentication/Authority Centre 

AUDIT Automated/Automatic Data Input Terminal 

AUE Andrew User Environment 

AUFS Another Union Files System 

AUG Apollo/Arcnet User Group 

AUGE Apple User Group Europe 

AUI Archiver User Interface 

AUI Attached/Attachment Unit/Universal Interface (Ethernet) 

AUIS Andrew User Interface System 

AUP Acceptable/Appropriate Use Policy (Internet) 

AUTEX Automatische Telex- und Teletexauskunft der DBP

155 

AUX Auxiliary 

AUX Apple UNIX 

AV Antivirus 

AV audio-visuell, Audio-Video 

AV Authenticity Verification 

AVA Audio Visual Authoring (IBM) 

AVA Anruf-Variante 

AVA Attribute Value Assertion 

AVC Access Vector Cache 

AVC Advanced Video Coding 

AVC Audio Visual Connection 

AVC Automatic Volume Control 

AVC Audio Visual Connection (IBM) 

AVCD Audio Visual Computer Display 

AVCHD Advanced Video Codec High Definition 

AVD Alternate Voice or Data 

AVERT Antivirus Emergency Response Team (NAI) 

AVERZTXTTXAmtliches Telex- und Teletexverzeichnis der DBP 

AVG Average 

AVI Audio Video/Visual Interleave/Interleaved (Microsoft) 

AVI Audiovisuelle Integration 

AVI Advanced Visual Interface 

AVIA Architecture for Virtual Interfaces for Applications 

AVK Application Verification Kit 

AVK Audio-Video Kernel 

AVL Adelson-Velskij, Landis (-Baum) 

AVN Adobe Virtual Network 

AVON Amtliches Verzeichnis der Ortsnetze 

AVP Attribute Value Pair 

AVR Automatic Voice Recognition 

AVRCP Audio Video Remote Control Profile 

AVS Advanced Visual System 

AVS Altersverifikationssystem 

AVS Application Visualization System (IBM) 

AVSM Audio-Visual Storage Manager 

AVSP Advanced Video Signal Processor 

AVSS Audio-Video Subsystem Software 

AVVID Architecture for Voice, Video and Integrated Data (Cisco) 

AWA A While Ago (Slang) 

AWADO Automatischer Wechselschalter in der Anschlussdose


AWB A While Back (Slang) 

AWC Association of Women in Computing 

AWCG Add With Carry (random number) Generator 

AWD Automatische Wähleinrichtung für Datenverbindungen 

AWE Address Windowing Extensions 

AWE Advanced Workstation Environment 

AWF Ausbildung, Weiterbildung, Fortbildung 

AWG American Wire Gauge 

AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise 

AWGTHTGTTA Are We Going To Have To Go Through This Again? (Slang) 

AWHFY Are We Having Fun Yet? (Slang) 

AWL Anweisungsliste (DIN 19 239) 

AWL Auswahl-Logik 

AWL Auto Whitelist 

AWS Administrative Workstation 

AWS Advanced Workstations and Systems (group) (IBM) 

AWS Amazon Web Services 

AWS Apple Workgroup Server 

AWS Anrufweiterschaltung 

AWS Anwendungssoftware 

AWT Abstract/Advanced Window/Windowing Toolkit 

AWU Auto Wake Up 

AX Automatic Transmission 

AXE Applications Execution Environment 

AXTLK Alien Crosstalk 

AXU Application Specific Execution Unit 

AYOR At Your Own Risc (Slang) 

AYST Are You Still There? (Slang) 

AZ Azimut 

AZB Anzeige-Befehl 

B Basic, Binary, Bit, Block, British, Bus, Business, Byte 

B Backward 

B Bandwidth 

B2B Business To Business 

B2C Business To Consumer 

B2E Business To Employee 

B2P Business To Private 

B4 Before (Slang)

B4N Bye For Now (Slang) 

BA Busankoppler 

BAC Balanced Asynchronous Class 

BAC Basic Access Control 

BACP Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol 

BAD Broken As Designed 

BAG Buchhändlerische Abrechnungsgesellschaft 

BAI Basic Rate Interface 

BAK Back At Keyboard (Slang) 

BAK Backup 

BAK Binary Adaption Kit (Microsoft) 

BAKT Basisanschlusskonzentrator 

BAL Basic Assembly Language 

BALUN Balanced Unbalanced (transformator) 

BAM Berkeley Abstract Machine 

BAM Block Availability Map 

BAM Boyan Action Module 

BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialprüfung, Berlin 

BAN Body Area Network 

BAP Bandwidth Allocation Protocol 

BAPI Biometric Application Program Interface 

BAPI Business Application Programming Interface 

BAPT Bundesamt Post und Telekommunikation, Mainz 

BARRNET Bay Area Regional Research Network 

BARTS Bell Atlantic Regional Timesharing 

BAS Bild-Austast-Synchron(-Signal) 

BAS Bitrate Allocation Signal 

BAS Btx Anwendungsschnittstelle 

BASH Bourne Again Shell 

BASIC Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code 

BASIS Battelle Automated Search Information System 

BASM Built-In Assembler 

BAT Baby AT Board 

BAT Block Address Translation 

BATC Block Address Translation Cache 

BATV Bounce Address Tag Validation 

BAZ Belegauswertung von Zahlungsvorgängen 

BB Bandwidth Broker 

BB Base Band 

BB beschränkt balanciert (Baum) 

157


BBAE Breitband-Anschluss-Einheit (DSL-Splitter) 

BBAN Basic Bank Account Number 

BBC British Broadcasting Corporation 

BBCI Berlin Brain/Bregen Computer Interface 

BBK Basic/Business Bookkeeping 

BBK Be Back Ok? (Slang) 

BBK Berkom Berliner Kommunikationssystem 

BBK Berliner Bibliothekswissenschaftliches Kolloquium 

BBK Birkbeck University of London 

BBK Breitbandkabel (auch BK) 

BBK Broadcast Block 

BBK Buchführung, Bilanzierung, Kostenrechnung 

BBL Be Back Later (Slang) 

BBN Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, Mass. (Internet) 

BBNS Broadband Network Services 

BBR Backbone Ring 

BBR Burnt Beyond Recognition (Slang) 

BBRA Bad Block Relocation Area 

BBS Band-Betriebssystem 

BBS BIOS Boot Select/Specification 

BBS Bulletin Board System 

BC Begin Chain 

BC Business Class 

BCA Burst Cutting Area 

BCAM Basic Communication Access Method 

BCC Blind Carbon Copy 

BCC Block Check/Checking Character 

BCCH Broadcast Control Channel 

BCD Barcode Decal 

BCD Binary Coded Decimal 

BCE Bell Canada Enterprises 

BCF Bandwidth Change Confirmation 

BCFSK Binary Coded Frequency Shift Keying 

BCH Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (-Code) 

BCI Batibus Club International 

BCI Broadcast Interference 

BCL Base Class Libraries 

BCL Batch Command Language 

BCL Broadcast Listener 

BCM Bachelor of Computer and Mathematical Sciences

159 

BCM Back Channel Message 

BCM Basic Call/Connection Management/Manager 

BCM Basic Computing Module 

BCM Basic Control Monitor 

BCM Battery/Bound Control Module 

BCM Binary Coded Matrix 

BCM Bit Clock Model 

BCM Bit Compression Multiplexer 

BCM Block Coded Modualtion 

BCM Broadcast Manager (IBM) 

BCM Bus Converter Module 

BCN Beacon 

BCNF Boyce Codd Normal Form 

BCNU Be Seeing You (Slang) 

BCP Best Current Practice 

BCP Binary/Byte/Bridging Control Protocol 

BCP Bridging Control Protocol 

BCP Bulk Copy Program 

BCPL Basic Computer/Combined Programming Language 

BCR Byte Count Register 

BCS Bar Code Sorter 

BCS BASF Computer Services 

BCS Black Check Sequence 

BCS Boeing Computer Services 

BCS British Computer Society 

BCTS Backup Courier Time Server 

BD Blu-ray Disc 

BDA BIOS Data Area 

BDA Broadcast Driver Architecture 

BDC Backup Domain Controller 

BDD Business Desktop Deployment 

BDE Betriebsdatenerfassung 

BDE BitLocker Drive Encryption 

BDE Borland Database Engine 

BDF Binary Distribution Format 

BDF Bitmap Description/Display Format 

BDF Bitmap Distribution Format (Adobe) 

BDK Beans Development Kit 

BDLC Burroughs Data Link Control 

BDLS Bidirectional Loop Switching


BDO Bidrectional Overwrite 

BDOS Basic Disk Operating System 

BDP Bandwidth Delay Product 

BDPP Biometric Device Protection Profile 

BDR Beowulf Design Rules 

BDR Bus Device Request 

BDSC Britisch Document Supply Center 

BDSG Bundesdatenschutzgesetz 

BDSL Broadband Digital Subscriber Line 

BDU Brain Dead User (Slang) 

BE Below or Equal 

BE Beschaltungseinheit 

BE Burst Error 

BEB Binary Exponential Backoff 

BECN Backward Explicit Congestion Notification 

BEDO Burst Extended Data Out (DRAM) 

BEE Bertelsmann Electronic Edition 

BEEP Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol 

BEER Binary Error Exchange Rate 

BEL Bell (ASCII-Zeichen Nr. 7) 

BELLCORE Bell Communications Research, Inc. 

BELUG Bellevue Linux Users Group 

BEM Boundary Element Method 

BEN Bestätigungsnummer 

BEP Bertelsmann Electronic Publishing 

BER Basic Encoding Rules 

BER Bit/Block Error Rate 

BERKOM Berliner Kommunikationssystem 

BERT Bit Error Rate Test/Tester 

BESYS Bell Operating System 

BETC Between Chain 

BEV Boot Entry Vector 

BF Bad Flag 

BF Boundary Function 

B/F Background/Foreground 

BFBI Brute Force and Bloody Ignorance (Slang) 

BFDI Bundesbeauftragter für Datenschutz und Informationsfreiheit 

BFF Binary File Format 

BFI Brute Force and Ignorance (Slang) 

BFMI Brute Force and Massive Ignorance (Slang)

BFN British Forces Network 

BFN Bye For Now (Slang) 

BFO Beat Frequency Oscillator 

BFS Be File System (BeOS) 

BFS Big File Scanner 

BFS Bitfile Server 

BFS (Unixware) Boot File System 

BFS Breadth First Search 

BFT Binary File Transfer 

BFTP Batch/Background File Transfer Protocol 

BFU Betriebsführungsumsetzer 

BFU Brain Free User (Slang) 

BFV Betriebs-Führungs-Vorfeldrechner 

BG Background 

BG Big Grin (Slang) 

BG Black Generation 

BGA Ball Grid Array 

BGE Branch if Greater or Equal 

BGI Borland’s Graphics Interface 

BGM Background Menu 

BGMP Border Gateway Multicast Protocol 

BGP Border Gateway Protocol (Internet) 

BGT Branch if Greater Than 

BH Bottom Half 

BH Branch and Hang 

BHCA Busy Hour Call Attempts 

BHI Branch if Higher 

BHIS Branch if Higher or Same 

BHLI Broadband High Level Information 

BHMD Binocular Helmet Mounted Display 

BHO Browser Helper Object 

BHOF Bald Headed Old Fart (Slang) 

BHP Bayerische Hacker-Post 

BHT Branch History Table 

BI Binary Input 

BI Breidbart Index 

BI Broadcast Invite 

BI Business Intelligence 

BIA Bump In the API 

BIB Bus Interface Board 

161


BIBOP Big Bag Of Pages 

BIC Bank Identifier Code 

BICI Broadband Inter Carrier Interface 

BICS Beratungsstelle für informationstechnische Bildung und Compute 

BICS Binnenvaart Informatie en Communicatie Systeem 

BIDI Bidirectional 

BIDS Broadband Internet Delivery System 

BIFET Bipolar Field Effect Transistor 

BIFF Binary Interchange File Format 

BIFS Binary Format For Scenes 

BIGFON Breitbandiges Integriertes Glasfaser-Fernmelde-Ortsnetz 

BILLI Buried Implanted Layer for Lateral Isolation 

BIM Begin of Information Marker 

BIMOS Bipolar Metal Oxide Semiconductor 

BIN Bachelor of Information Networking 

BINAC Binary Automatic Computer 

BIND Berkeley Internet Name Domain 

BINHEX Binary Hexadecimal 

BION Believe It Or Not (Slang) 

BIOS Basic Input Output System 

BIP Basic Imaging Profile 

BIP Bit-Interleaved Parity 

BIPM Bipartite Matching Code 

BIPM Bureau International des Poids et Mesures 

BIPS Billions Instructions Per Second 

BIS Bibliotheks- und Informationssystem 

BIS Business Information System 

BISDN Broadband/Breitband-ISDN 

BIST Built-In Self Test 

BISYNC Binary Synchronous Communication Protocol (IBM) 

BIT Base Item Type 

BIT Basic Interconnection Test 

BIT Basic Interface Telephone 

BIT Because It’s Time (network) 

BIT Binary Digit 

BIT Bipolar Integrated Technology 

BIT Board of Information Technology 

BIT Broadband Information Technology 

BIT Broadband Internet Terminal 

BIT Built-In Testing

163 

BIT Business and Information Technology 

BIT Business Internet Trends 

BIT Bytecode Instrumenting Tool 

BITD Back In The Day (Slang) 

BITKOM Bundesverband Informationswirtschaft, Telekommunikation u 

BITNET Because It’s Time Network (ein NJE-Netz) 

BITNIC Bitnet Network Information Center 

BITS Background Intelligent Transfer Service 

BITV Verordnung zur Schaffung barrierefreier Informationstechnik 

BIU Basic Information Unit 

BIU Bus Interface Unit 

BIW Business Intelligence Warehouse 

BIX Byte Information Exchange (ein BBS) 

BJ Backjumping 

BJC Bubblejet Color 

BJOERN Balanced Job Execution on Remote Network 

BK Break In 

BK Breitbandkabel (auch BBK) 

BK Bürokommunikation 

BKH Bekennender Konsolen-/Kommandozeilen-Heini (Slang) 

BKL Big Kernel Lock 

BKS Bundesverband Kabel + Satellit 

BKZ Bereichskennzahl (Datex, Btx) 

BL Backlit 

BL Betriebslenkung 

BL Bit Line 

BLACS Basic Linear Algebra Communication Routines 

BLADE Basic Linear Algebra for Distributed Environments 

BLAM Binary Logarithmic Arbitration Method 

BLAS Basic Linear Algebra Subroutines 

BLAST Bell Labs Layered Space Time 

BLAST Blocked Asynchronous Transmission (Protocol) 

BLC Beam Landing Correction 

BLE Branch if Less or Equal 

BLER Block Error Rate 

BLERA Block Error Rate After Recording 

BLERB Block Error Rate Before Recording 

BLERT Block Error Rate Test 

BLI Business Logic Integration 

BLK Betriebs-Lenkungs-Konzentrator


BLK Block 

BLLI Broadband Low Level Information 

BLM Bayerische Landeszentrale für Neue Medien, München 

BLMC Buried Logic Macrocell 

BLOB Binary Large Object 

BLOC Brutto Lines Of Code 

BLOG (short for:) Weblog, World Wide Web Logbook 

BLOS Branch if Lower or Same 

BLR Beacon-Less Routing 

BM Backmarking 

BM Bitonic Merge (Graph, Netz) 

BM Burst Mode 

BM Byte Me (Slang) 

BMC Block Multiplex Channel 

BMI Branch if Minus 

BMIC Bus Master Interface Controller (Intel) 

BMJ Backmarking with Backjumping 

BMP Basic Mapping Support 

BMP Basic Multilingual Plane (Unicode) 

BMP Batch Message Processing (Program) 

BMP Bitmap 

BMPP Bulk Mail Preferences Protocol 

BMPT Bundesministerium für Post- und Telekommunikation 

BMS Broadcast Message Server 

BMUG Berkeley MacIntosh Users Group 

BNA Bundesnetzagentur 

BNC Baby N Connector 

BNC Bayonet Neill Concelman 

BNC Bayonet Nut Coupling 

BNC Brain Not Connected (Slang) 

BNE Branch if Not Equal 

BNEP Bluetooth Network Encapsulation Protocol 

BNF Backus-Naur Form 

BNF Big Name Fan (Slang) 

BNFSCD But Now For Something Completely Different (Slang) 

BNI Before Next Interaction 

BNK Betriebsführungs-Netzknoten 

BNPF Begin Negative Positive Finish 

BNS Backbone Network Service 

BNS Broadband Network Services

165 

BNU Basic Network/Networking Utilities (uucp) 

BO Back Orifice 

BO Binary Output 

BO Bit Oxide (Garbage) 

BOA Basic Object Adapter 

BOART Bus Oriented Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter 

BOB Box Of Bits 

BOB Break-Out Box 

BOC Basic Operator Console 

BOC Bell Operating Company 

BOD Bandwidth/Book On Demand 

BOF Begin Of File 

BOF Birds Of a Feather (Slang) 

BOF Board of Fellows 

BOFH Bastard Operator From Hell 

BOFS Birds Of a Feather Session (Slang) 

BOG BIND Operations Guide 

BOI Balkan/Baltic Olympiad in Informatics 

BOINC Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing 

BOM Basic Online Memory 

BOM Begin Of Message/Media 

BOM Bill Of Materials 

BOM Business Object Model 

BOM Byte Order Mark 

BON Business Object Notation 

BOND Bandwidth On Demand 

BONT Broadband Optical Network Termination 

BOOM Binocular Omni-Oriented/Orientation Monitor 

BOOTP Bootstrap Protocol (Internet) 

BOP Begin Of Page/Partition 

BOP Bit Oriented Protocol 

BOPS Billion Operations Per Second 

BOR Basic Output Report 

BORE Broken Once Running Everywhere 

BORQU Borland Quattro 

BOS Basic Operating System 

BOS Basic OverSeer (Server) 

BOS Behörden und Organisationen mit Sicherheitsaufgaben 

BOS Bottom Of Stack 

BOSS Bharat Operating System Solutions


BOSS Business Office Servicing System 

BOT Back On Topic (Slang) 

BOT Begin Of Tape/Table/Transaction 

BP Bandpass 

BP Base Pointer 

BP Breakpoint 

BPB BIOS Parameter Block 

BPD Bank-Parameter-Datei 

BPD Border Protection Device 

BPDU Bridge Protocol Data Unit 

BPEL Business Process Execution Language 

BPF Band Pass Filter 

BPF Berkeley Packet Filter 

BPF Breakpoint Function 

BPH Break Permitted Here 

BPI bits per inch 

BPJM Bundesprüfstelle für jugendgefährdende Medien 

BPL Bedienplatz 

BPL Branch if Plus 

BPL Broadband Over Powerline 

BPL Bugs Per Line 

BPM Bundespostministerium 

BPM Business Performance Management 

BPM Business Process Management/Modelling 

BPO Business Process Outsourcing 

BPP Basic Printing Profile 

BPP Binary Packing Problem 

BPP Bits Per Pixel 

BPP Bounded error, Probabilistic, Polynomial time 

BPR Business Process Reengineering 

BPS bits/bytes per second 

BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying 

BPU Branch Prediction Unit 

BQP Bounded error, Quantum, Polynomial time 

BQS Berkeley Quality Software 

BR Bad Register 

BR Bit Rate 

BRAM Broadcast Recognizing Access Method 

BRAS Broadband Remote Access Server 

BRB Be Right Back (Slang)

167 

BRD Blu-ray Disc 

BRE Basic Regular Expression 

BREAD Browse, Read, Edit, Add, Delete 

BREP Boundary Representation 

BRGC Binary Reflected Gray Code 

BRI Basic Rate Interface (ISDN) 

BRI Brain Response Interface 

BRIM Bridge Router Interface Module 

BRJ Bandwidth Change Reject 

BRL Ballistics Research Laboratory 

BRQ Bandwidth Change Request 

BRS Bibliographic Retrieval System 

BRS Big Red Switch (IBM PC) 

BRS Break Request Signal 

BRS Business Recovery Services (IBM) 

BS Backspace 

BS Base Station 

BS Betriebssystem 

BS Bitonic Sort (Graph) 

BS Broadcast Satellite 

BSA Bitstrom-Anschluss 

BSA Business Software Alliance 

BSAM Basic Sequential Access Method 

BSB Blockate State Block 

BSC Base Station Controller 

BSC Binary Synchronous Communications 

BSC Bisynchronous/Binary Synchronous Communication (IBM) 

BSC Boyan Script 

BSCW Basic Support for Cooperative Work 

BSD Basic Standard Definiton 

BSD Berkeley Software/Source/System Design/Distribution 

BSDL Boundary Scan Description Language 

BSF Bit Scan Forward 

BSF But Seriously Folks (Slang) 

BSI British Standards Institute 

BSI Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik 

BSM Basic Storage Module 

BSM Bracket State Manager 

BSMTP Batch Simple Message Transfer Protocol 

BSOD Blue Screen Of Death


BSP Binary Space Partition/Partitioning 

BSP Bug Squashing Party 

BSP Bulk Synchronous Parallel (Processing) 

BSP Byte Stream Protocol 

BSR Betriebssystem für Reelle Speicher 

BSR Bit Scan Reverse 

BSR Board of Standards Review (ANSI) 

BSRAM Burst Static Random Access Memory 

BSS Base Station Subsystem 

BSS Basic Service Set (WLAN) 

BSS Blank Storage Space 

BSS Blind Source Separation 

BSS Block Started by Symbol 

BSS Block Storage Segment 

BSS Broadband Switching System 

BSS Business Support System 

BSSID Basic Service Set Identifier 

BST Binary Search Tree 

BSU Basic Striping Unit 

BSV Betriebssystem für Virtuelle Adressierung 

BSY Busy 

BSYNC Binary Synchronous Communications (Protocol) 

BT Bit Test 

BT Bluetooth 

BT British Telecom/Telecommunications 

BT Burst Tolerance 

BTA But Then Again (Slang) 

BTAC Branch Target Address Cache 

BTAIM Be That As It May (Slang) 

BTAM Basic Telecommunication Access Method (IBM) 

BTB Branch Target Buffer 

BTC Bit Test and Complement 

BTC Biting The Carpet (Slang) 

BTC Broadband Transfer Capability 

BTDT Been There Done That (Slang) 

BTHOM Beats The Hell Outta Me (Slang) 

BTI British Telecom International 

BTI Business Type Identifier 

BTIC But Then, I’am Crazy (Slang) 

BTK Back To Keyboard (Slang)

169 

BTL Bell Telephone Laboratories 

BTLB Block TLB 

BTMA Busy Tone Multiple Access 

BTO Built To Order 

BTOA Binary To ASCII 

BTP Banana Tree Protocol 

BTP Batch Transfer Program 

BTP Business Transaction Protocol 

BTR Bit Test and Reset 

BTRFS B-Tree File System 

BTS Base Transceiver Station/System 

BTS Bit Test and Set 

BTS Bug Tracking System 

BTSOOM Beats The Shit Out Of Me (Slang) 

BTU Basic Transmission Unit 

BTW By The Way (Slang) 

BTX Balanced Technology Extended 

BTX Bildschirmtext 

BU Branch Unit 

BUAF Big Ugly ASCII Font 

BUAG Big Ugly ASCII Graphic 

BUBL Bulletin Board for Libraries 

BUCS Budgeting and Computing System 

BUF Buffer 

BUMS Broadband Unified Messaging System 

BUP Backup (file) 

BUP Buffer Underrun Protection 

BUS Bild und Schrift 

BUS Binary Utility System 

BUS Broadcast and Unknown Server 

BUUG Belgian UNIX Users Group 

BVB Bundesverband Informations- und Kommunikationssysteme 

BVD Boot Volume Descriptor 

BVDM Bundesverband Druck und Medien 

BVDW Bundesverband Digitale Wirtschaft 

BVH Base Video Handler 

BVIT Bundesverband Informationstechnologien, Bonn 

BVSE Bundesverband für Sekundärrohstoffe und Entsorgung 

BVSI Bundesverband der Selbständigen in der Informatik 

BVV Bundesverband Audiovisuelle Medien


BW Bandwidth 

BWA Broadband Wireless Access 

BWF Broadcast Wave Format 

BWIN Breitband Wissenschafts-Netz 

BWM Block Write Mode 

BWQ Buzz Word Quotient 

BWSN Baden-Württembergisches Schulnetz 

BWT Broadband Wireless Technology 

BWT Burrows Wheeler Transformation 

BYKT But You Knew That (Slang) 

BYP Bypass 

BZ Betriebszentrale 

BZR Befehlzählregister 

BZT Bundesamt für Zulassungen in der Telekommunikation 

BZV Bargeldloser/Belegorientierter Zahlungsverkehr 

BZV Befristeter Zählervergleich 

BZVD Beratungszentrum für Videokonferenzdienste, Dresden 

C Cable, Communication, Computer, Conference, Control 

C2C Consumer To Consumer 

C2CC Car To Car Communication 

C2D Character To Decimal 

C3I Command, Control, Communication, Intelligence 

C4 Command, Control, Communication + Computers 

CA Cable 

CA Call Agent 

CA Cellular Automaton 

CA Certification Authority 

CA Collision Avoidance 

CA Common Applications 

CA Computer Animation 

CA Computer Associates 

CA Conditional Access 

CAA Computer Aided Assembling/Anthropometrics/Animation 

CAAD Computer Aided Architectural Design 

CAB Cabinet (Microsoft) 

CAB Compressed Application Binary 

CAB Computer Aided Breakfast 

CAC Carrier/Channel Access Code

171 

CAC Computer Aided Consulting/Computing/Creativity/Christmas/ 

CAC Connection Admission Control 

CACLS Change Line Access Control Lists 

CACM Communications of the ACM 

CAD Class Association Diagram 

CAD Computer Aided Design/Detection 

CAD Computer Aided Dinner 

CADAM Computer Aided Design And Manufacturing 

CADAPSO Canadian Assosciation of Data Processing Organizations 

CADD Computer Aided Design and Drafting 

CADD Computer Aided Drug Design 

CADE Client/Server Application Development Environment 

CADE Computer Aided Data Entry 

CADEP Computer Aided Design of Electronic Products 

CADIC Computer Aided Design of Integrated Circuits 

CADIS Computer Aided Design Interactive System (Siemens) 

CADMAT Computer Aided Design, Manufacturing and Testing 

CADMOS Computerorientiertes Administrations- und Organisationssyst 

CADOS Computer Aided Design of Systems 

CAE Client Application Enabler 

CAE Common Applications Environment 

CAE Computer Aided/Assisted Education 

CAE Computer Aided Engineering 

CAEN Chemically Assembled Electronic Nanocomputer 

CAEX Computer Aided Exploration 

CAF Computer Aided Fishing 

CAF Computer and Academic Freedom 

CAFE Conditional Access For Europe 

CAFM Computer Aided Facilities Management 

CAG Chassis Air Guide 

CAG Column Adress Generator 

CAH Computer Aided Holidays/Homework/Hausaufgaben 

CAHN Cellular Assisted Heterogeneous Networking 

CAI Common Air Interface 

CAI Computer Aided Industry 

CAI Computer Aided Inspiration 

CAI Computer Aided/Assisted Instruction 

CAIN Controlled Access by Individual Number 

CAIR Comprehensive Assessment Information Rule 

CAIRN Collaborative Advanced Interagency Research Network


CAIRS Computerized Accident/Incident Reporting System 

CAIS Common APSE Interface Set 

CAIT Computer Aided Inspection and Testing 

CAK Computer-Anwendungen Karlsruhe 

CAL Client Access License 

CAL Common Assembly Language 

CAL Computer Aided Life/Learning/Lunch 

CAL Computer Animation Language 

CAL Conversational Algebraic Language 

CALAS Computer Aided Laboratory Automation System 

CALC Customer Access Line Charge 

CALEA Communications Assistance for/to Law Enforcement Act 

CALIES Computer Aided Locomotion by Implanted Electrical Stimulation 

CALL Computer Aided/Assisted Language Learning 

CALLE Control Application Link Layer Engineering 

CALM Collected Algorithms for Learning Machines 

CALS Continuous Acquisition and Lifecycle Support 

CALTECH California Institute of Technology 

CAM Central Address Memory 

CAM Common/Communication Access Method 

CAM Computer Aided Machining/Manufacturing 

CAM Concentrator/Conditional Access Module 

CAM Conditional Access Module 

CAM Content Addressable/Addressed Memory 

CAMAC Computer Automated Measurement And Control 

CAMD Computer Aided Molecular Design 

CAMEL Computer Assisted Education Language 

CAML Categorial Abstract Machine Language 

CAMP Compiler for Automatic Machine Programming 

CAMP Computer Assisted Movie Production 

CAN Campus/Communications/Complete Area Network 

CAN Cancel 

CAN Cancel Line 

CAN Car Area Network 

CAN Community Alert Network 

CAN Content Addressable Network 

CAN Controller Area Network 

CAN Customer Access Network 

CANAL Catalog with Natural Language Access 

CANS Computer Assisted Network System

173 

CANUNET Canadian University Computer Network 

CAO Computer Aided Administration and Organization 

CAO Computer Aided Optimization 

CAP Calendar Access Protocol 

CAP Carrierless Amplitude Modulation/Phase Modulation 

CAP Central Arbitration Point 

CAP Columbia AppleTalk Package 

CAP Common Alerting Protocol 

CAP Communication Application Platform 

CAP Competitive Access Provider 

CAP Computer Aided Planning/Production/Publishing 

CAP Computer Application Profile 

CAP Computing for Analysis Project 

CAP Content Access Point 

CAP Continuous Audit Program 

CAP CTM Access Profile 

CAPD Computer To Assist Persons with Disabilities 

CAPE Computer Aided Pattern Engineering 

CAPE Concurrent Art-to-Product Environment 

CAPI Common ISDN Application Programming Interface 

CAPI Communication Application Program Interface 

CAPP Carrierless Amplitude Phase 

CAPP Computer Aided Printing and Publishing 

CAPP Computer Aided Process/Production Planning 

CAPP Computer Applications Program 

CAPP Computer Assisted Payment Processing 

CAPPC Computer Aided Production Planning and Control 

CAPPP Computer Aided Process and Production Planning 

CAPS Capitals (Großbuchstaben) 

CAPS Cassette Programming System 

CAPS Computer Assisted Problem Solving 

CAPSC Computer Aided Production Scheduling and Control 

CAPTAIN Character and Pattern Telephon Access Information Network 

CAPTCHA Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers an 

CAQ Computer Aided Quality Assurance/Control 

CAR Committed Access Rate 

CAR Computer Assisted Radiology 

CAR Channel Address Register 

CAR Compressed Audio Recording 

CAR Computer Aided Retrieval


CARA Computer Aided Radio Amateur 

CARAM Content Addressable Random Access Memory 

CARD Cluster Aware Remote Disk 

CARDIS Cargo Data Interchange System 

CARE Computer Aided Reliability Estimation 

CARE Computer Aided Reverse Engineering 

CARL Chemisches Aufweiten von Resist-Linien (Siemens) 

CARL Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries 

CARLOS Cancer Registry Lower Saxony 

CARO Computer Anti-Virus Research Organization 

CARP Caching RSS Parser 

CARP Common Address Redundancy Protocol 

CARS Computer Aided Risc Simulation 

CARS Computer Aided Routing System 

CARS Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery 

CART Computer Assisted Radar Tomography 

CAS Collision Avoidance System 

CAS Column Address Select/Strobe 

CAS Communicating Applications Specification 

CAS Computer Aided Selling/Service/Styling 

CAS Computer Algebra System 

CAS Conditional/Control/Communication Access System 

CASC Coalition for Academic Supercomputer Centers 

CASD Computer Aided System Design 

CASE Common Applications Service Element 

CASE Computer Aided Software Engineering 

CASE Computer Aided System Evaluation 

CASL Common Algebraic Specification Language 

CASL Crosstalk Application Scripting Language 

CASS Computer Assisted Search Service 

CASS Computer Assisted Surveillance System 

CASSIS Classified And Search Support Information System 

CAST Center for Applied Security Technology, Darmstadt 

CAST Center for Applied Special Technology 

CAST Competence Center for Applied Security Technology 

CAST Computer Aided Software Testing 

CAT Category 

CAT Character Assignment Table 

CAT Chordal Axis Transformation 

CAT Common Allocation Table

175 

CAT Common Authentication Technology 

CAT Computer Adaptive Test 

CAT Computer Aided Teaching/Testing/Telecommunication/Transla 

CAT Computerized Axial Tomography 

CAT Concatenate 

CAT Conditionally Accepted Tag 

CATIA Computer Graphic Aided Three Dimensional Interactive Appli 

CATNIP Common Architecture for Next Generation Internet Protocol 

CATP Computer Aided Technical Publishing 

CATS Computer Aided/Assisted Teaching/Tracking/Training System 

CATS Computer Aided Telephony Services 

CATS Computer Automated Test System 

CATT China Academy of Telecommunication Technology 

CATV Cable Television 

CATV Common/Community Antenna Television 

CAU Command and Arithmetic Unit 

CAU Control/Controlled/Concentrator Access Unit 

CAUCE Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial Email 

CAV Computer Aided Verification 

CAV Constant Angular Velocity 

CAVE Cave/Computer Automatic Virtual Environment 

CAVE Computer Aided Vision Engineering 

CAW Channel Address Word 

CB Call Back 

CB Cell Broadcast 

CB Citizens’ Band 

CBA Compare and Branch Anyway 

CBA Computational Biology Activity 

CBA Computer Based Assessment/Automation 

CBA Computer Battery Analyzer 

CBA Current Buffer/Byte Address 

CBAC Context Based Access Control 

CBC Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 

CBC Cipher Block Chaining 

CBCR Channel Byte Count Register 

CBDS Connectionless Broadband Data Service 

CBDTPA Consumer Broadband and Digital Television Promotion Act 

CBE Cell Broadband Engine 

CBEFF Common Biometric Exchange Format Framework 

CBEMA Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers’ Associatio


CBGA Ceramic Ball Grid Array 

CBI Charles Babbage Insitute 

CBI Computer Based Instruction/Instrumentation 

CBI Crossbar Interface 

CBIP Compressed Binaries IBM PC 

CBIP Current Book In Progress 

CBIR Content Based Image Retrieval 

CBIRS Content Based Image Retrieval System 

CBJ Conflict-directed Backjumping 

CBL Communication By Light 

CBL Computer Based Learning 

CBMS Computer Based Mail System 

CBN Community Based Network 

CBO Coupling Between Object Classes 

CBQ Class Based Queuing 

CBR CAS before RAS 

CBR Constant/Continuous Bit Rate 

CBR Content Based Retrieval 

CBS Crossbar Switch 

CBT Computer Based Training 

CBT Core Based Tree 

CBW Convert Byte to Word 

CBX Computer-controlled/Computerized Branch Exchange 

CC Cable Connector 

CC Call/Communication Center 

CC Carbon Copy 

CC Chain/Channel Command 

CC Classification Code 

CC Cluster/Communications Controller 

CC Common Criteria (for IT Security Evaluation) 

CC Condition Command/Code 

CC Congestion Control 

CC Connected Client 

CC Country Code 

CC Coupled Channel 

CC Creative Commons 

CC Crossconnect 

CC Cursor Control 

CC Cyclic Check 

CCA Clear Channel Assessment

177 

CCA Copy Control Association 

CCB Change Control Board 

CCB Channel Command/Control Block 

CCB Cyclic Check Byte 

CCBS Completion of Call to Busy Subscriber 

CCC Ceramic Chip Carrier 

CCC Change and Configuration Control 

CCC Chaos Computer Club, Hamburg 

CCC Computer Chess Competition 

CCC Conference Control Channel 

CCC Credit Card Calling 

CCCB Command, Control, Communications in Buildings 

CCCH Common Control Channel 

CCD Charge Coupled Device 

CCD Class Communication Diagram 

CCE Configuration Control Element 

CCF Central Computing Facility 

CCF Chain Command Flag 

CCF Common Channel Framework 

CCFCC Computer Coordinated Family Communcation and Cooperatio 

CCFL Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp 

CCFT Cold Cathode Fluorescent Tube 

CCI Common Client Interface 

CCI Copy Control Information 

CCIA Computer + Communications Industry Association 

CCID Call Correlation Identifier 

CCID Computers, Communications, Information Dissemination 

CCID Corporate Customer Inforamtion Database 

CCIE Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert 

CCIR Comite Consultatif International des Radiocommunications 

CCIRN Committee for Intercontinental Research Networks 

CCIS Command and Control Information System 

CCIS Common Channel Interoffice Signaling 

CCITT Comite Consultatif International de Telegraphie et de Telepho 

CCK Centre de Calcul El Khawarizmi, Tunis 

CCK Communication Commission of Kenya 

CCK Complementary Code Keying 

CCK Computerclub Kamen 

CCL Closed Conference Loop 

CCL Commerce Control List


CCL Common Command Language 

CCL Connection/Cursor Control Language 

CCL Corel Contractual Licensing 

CCL Creative Commons License 

CCLC Carrier Common Line Charge 

CCLF Cold Cathode Fluorescence Light 

CCM Color Management System 

CCM Computer Controlled Manufacturing 

CCM CORBA Component Mode/Model 

CCM Counter with CBC-Mac 

CCN Cluster Controller 

CCN Cordless Communication Network 

CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate 

CCNG Computer Communications Networks Group 

CCNP Cisco Certified Network Professional 

CCNR Completion of Call on No Reply 

CCNUMA Cache Coherent NUMA 

CCP CAN Calibration Protocol 

CCP Certified Computing Professional 

CCP Compression Control Protocol 

CCP Concurrent Constraint Programming 

CCP Console/Communications Command/Control Processor/Program 

CCPP Composite Capability Preference Profile 

CCR Center for Communications Research 

CCR Command and Control Research 

CCR Commitment, Concurrency, Recovery (OSI) 

CCR Current Cell Rate 

CCRN Coordinating Council on Research Networks 

CCS CAPI Connection Service 

CCS Closely Coupled System 

CCS Colour Calibration System 

CCS Common Channel Signalling 

CCS Common Command Set (SCSI) 

CCS Common Communication Services/Support 

CCS Computing Classification System 

CCS Continuos Composite Servo 

CCS Cryptographic Checksum 

CCSA Checkpoint Certified Security Administrator 

CCSA Common Control Switching Arrangement 

CCSB The Collection of Computer Science Bibliographies, Karlsruhe

CCSD Cellular Circuit-Switched Data 

CCSE Checkpoint Certified Security Engineer 

CCSID Coded Character Set Identifier (IBM) 

CCSIS Community College Student Information System 

CCSP Contextually Communicating Sequential Process 

CCSS7 Common Channel Signalling System No. 7 

CCSY Cooperative Computing System Program 

CCT Computerized Communication Terminal 

CCTLD Country Code Top Level Domain 

CCTV Closed Circuit Television 

CCU Central Communication/Control Unit 

CCU Communications Control Unit 

CCU Customer Control Unit 

CCUT Computer Center at the University of Tokyo 

CCVP Cisco Certified Voice Professional 

CCVR Centre de Calcul Vectoriel pour la Recherche 

CCW Channel Command Word 

CCW Coherent Continuous Wave 

CCW Continuous Composite Write (Once Disc) 

CCX Cisco Compatible Extension 

CD Call Deflection 

CD Carrier Detect 

CD Chained Data 

CD Change Direction/Directory 

CD Collision Detection 

CD Colour Display 

CD Committee Document (ISO) 

CD Compact Disk 

CD Control Data 

CD-R Compact Disk Recordable 

CD-RW Compact Disk Re-Writable 

CDA Clinical Document Architecture 

CDA Communications Decency Act 

CDA Compact Disk Audio (track) 

CDA Compound Document Architecture (DEC) 

CDAS Control and Data Acquisition System 

CDATA Character Data 

CDB Consolidated Database 

CDBT Compact Disk Based Training 

CDC Certificate Distribution Center 

179


CDC Connected Device Configuration 

CDC Control Data Corporation (USA) 

CDC Cult of the Dead Cow 

CDD Custom Debian Distribution 

CDDA Compact Disc Digital Audio 

CDDB Compact Disc Data Base 

CDDI Copper Distributed Data Interface 

CDDL Common Development and Distribution License (Sun) 

CDE Common Desktop Environment 

CDE Compact Disc Erasable 

CDE Complex Data Entry 

CDE Cooperative Development Environment 

CDEV Control Panel Device 

CDF Channel Definition File/Format 

CDF Comma Delimited Format 

CDF Common Data File/Format 

CDF Compound Document Framework 

CDF Context Dependent File 

CDF Cyberspace Description Format 

CDFS Compact Disc File System 

CDG Compact Disc Graphical 

CDI Compact Disc Interactive 

CDI Context Dependent Interchangeability 

CDIA Certified Document Imaging Architect 

CDIF Case Data Interchange Format 

CDISC Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium 

CDL Computer Design Language 

CDM Code Division Multiplex 

CDM Compressed Data Mode 

CDMA Code Division Multiple Access 

CDMF Commercial Data Masking Facility 

CDN Content Delivery Network 

CDNC Chinese Domain Name Consortium 

CDO Collaboration Data Object 

CDOS Concurrent Disk Operating System 

CDP Certificate in Data Processing 

CDP Cisco Discovery Protocol 

CDP Conditional Diphase (Encoding) 

CDPD Cellular Digital Packet Data 

CDR Call Detail Record/Recording

181 

CDR Common Data Representation 

CDR Compact Disk Recordable 

CDR Corel Draw Format 

CDRA Character Data Representation Architecture 

CDRAM Cached Dynamic Random Access Memory 

CDRDX Compact Disk Read Only Memory Data Exchange Standard 

CDRFS Compact Disc Recordable File System 

CDRL Contract Data Requirements List 

CDROM Compact Disk Read Only Memory 

CDROMXA CD-ROM Extended Architecture 

CDS Cactus Data Shield 

CDS Cell Directory Service (OSF, DCE) 

CDS Class Data Sharing 

CDS Cross Domain Solution 

CDS Current Directory Structure 

CDSA Common Data Security Architecture (Initiative) 

CDSL Consumer Digital Subscriber Line 

CDSL Context Dependent Symbolic Link 

CDT Center for Democracy and Technology (USA) 

CDTV Commodore Dynamic Total Vision 

CDTV Compact Disk Television 

CDU Central Data Unit 

CDU Classification Decimale Universelle 

CDU Code Distribution Unit 

CDU Computers Down Under 

CDU Configuration Data Unit 

CDU Connectix Desktop Utilities 

CDU Control Data Unit 

CDV Compact Disk Video 

CDV Cell Delay Variation 

CDVT Cell Delay Variation Tolerance 

CDWO Compact Disk Write Once 

CE Cache/Chip/Convert Enable 

CE Clear Entry 

CE Collision Elimination 

CE Conformite Europeenne (Konformitätskennzeichen) 

CE Consumer Electronics 

CE Customer Edge (device) 

CEASA Cellular Emergency Alert Service Association 

CEATA Consumer Electronics Advanced Technology Attachment


CEB Comite Electrotechnique Belge 

CEB Conditional End Bracket 

CEBIT Centrum für Büro, Information und Telekommunikation 

CEBUS Consumer Electronics Bus 

CEC Certified E-Commerce Consultant 

CECC Electronic Components Committee 

CECMG Central Europe Computer Measurement Group 

CECP Country Extended Code Page 

CEDEX Courrier d’entreprise distribution exceptionelle 

CEFIC EDIFACT-Subset Chemical Industry 

CEG Continuous Edge Graphics 

CEI Conducted Electromagnetic Interference 

CEIP Customer Experience Improvement Program 

CEK Content Encryption Key 

CELP Card Edge Low Profile 

CELP Code Excited Linear Prediction 

CELT Corpus of Electronic Texts 

CEM Common Evaluation Methodology 

CEM Computational Electromagnetics 

CEMEC Committee of European Associations of Manufacturers of Electron 

CEMM Compaq Expanded Memory Manager 

CEMS Constituent Electronic Mail System 

CEN Comite Europeen de Normalisation 

CENELEC Comite Europeen de Normalisation Electrotechnique 

CENTR Council of European National Top level domain Registries 

CEO Chief Executive Officer 

CEOI Central European Olympiad in Informatics 

CEOP Conditional End Of Page 

CEP Connection End Point 

CEPEC Committee of European Associations of Manufacturers of Passive E 

CEPIS Council of European Professional Informatics Societies 

CEPT Conference Europeenne des Administrations des Postes et des Tele 

CER Canonical Encoding Rules 

CER Cell Error Ratio 

CERA Climate and Environmental Data Retrieval and Archive 

CERF California Education and Research Federation (network) 

CERN Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire 

CERT Computer Emergency Response Team 

CES Circuit Emulation Service 

CES Coast Earth Station

183 

CES Consumer Electronics Show 

CESC Component Encoding Stream Construction 

CESG Communications Electronics Security Group (UK) 

CESH Competence Center Electronic Shopping 

CEST Central European Summer Time 

CESU Compatibility Encoding Scheme for UTF (Unicode) 

CET Central European Time 

CEV Commission on Electronic Voting 

CF Call Forwarding 

CF Compact Flash (Card) 

CF Compact Framework 

CFB Call Forwarding Busy 

CFB Cipher Feedback 

CFB Configurable Function Block 

CFD Call For Discussion (Usenet) 

CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics 

CFDP Coherent File Distribution Protocol (Internet) 

CFDPCLN Coherent File Distribution Protocol Client 

CFDPTKT Coherent File Distribution Protocol Ticket 

CFE Common Firmware Environment 

CFE Connected Family Environment 

CFG Configuration 

CFH COBOL File Handler 

CFI Canonical Format Indicator 

CFL Context Free Language 

CFM Clock From Master 

CFM Code Fragment Manager 

CFM Common Functional Model 

CFM Configuration Management 

CFML Cold Fusion Markup Language 

CFNR Call Forward/Forwarding on No Reply/Response 

CFOR Conversational FORTRAN 

CFP Call For Proposal 

CFP Computer, Freedom and Privacy 

CFP Content/Contention Free Period 

CFR Computerized Facial Recognition 

CFR Controlled Ferro Resonant (-USV) 

CFRI California Federation of Research Internets 

CFS Caching/Central/Common/Cryptographic File System 

CFS Completely Fair Scheduler


CFT Chirp Fourier Transform 

CFT Cray Fortran Compiler 

CFTT Computer Forensics Tool Testing 

CFU Call Forwarding Unconditional 

CFV Call For Votes (Usenet) 

CG Computer Graphics 

CG Control Gate 

CG Core Gateway 

CG Cyclic Group 

CGA Color Graphics Adapter (PC) 

CGAL Computational Geometry Algorithm Library 

CGATS Committee for Graphic Arts Technologies Standards 

CGE (Linux) Carrier Grade Edition 

CGE Common Graphics Environment 

CGE Compagnie General d’Electricite 

CGI Common Gateway Interface 

CGI Common/Composite/Computer Graphics Interface 

CGI Computer Generated Image/Imagery 

CGL Carrier Grade Linux 

CGM Computer Graphics Metafile 

CGMIF Computer Graphics Metafile Interchange Format 

CGMS Copy Generation Management System 

CGPP Computer Grahics: Principles and Practise (by Fowley) 

CGS Common Graphics System 

CGS Computer Graphics Society 

CGS Continuous Grain Silicon 

CGS International Computer Graphics Society 

CGU Computer Graphics Unit 

CGW Customer/Campus Gateway 

CH Cyclic Header 

CHAOS Cheap Array of Obsolete Systems 

CHAP Cryptographic/Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol 

CHARM Character Mode 

CHAT Conversational Hypertext Access Technology 

CHCK Channel Check 

CHCP Change Code Page 

CHDD Certified Help Desk Director 

CHDD Cockpit Head Down Display 

CHE Channel Hot Electron 

CHI Computer Human Interaction/Interface

185 

CHIC Constraint Handling in Industry and Commerce 

CHIL Computers in the Human Interaction Loop 

CHIL Current Hogging Injection Logic 

CHILD Computer Having Intelligent Learning and Development 

CHILL CCITT High Level Language 

CHIPS Clearinghouse Interbank Payments System 

CHKPT Checkpoint 

CHL Current Hogging Logic 

CHM Cooperative Hypermedia 

CHOP Channel Operator 

CHPC Center for High Performance Computing 

CHR Character 

CHR Constraint Handling Rules 

CHRP Common Hardware Reference Platform 

CHS Cylinders, Heads, Sectors 

CHTML Compact/Compressed Hypertext Markup Language 

CHV Card Holder Value 

CI Call Intrusion 

CI Coded Information 

CI Command Interpreter 

CI Common/Component/Computer Interface 

CI Communications Integrator 

CI Computational Intelligence 

CI Computer Interconnect/Interface 

CI Congestion Indicator 

CI Continuous Integration 

CI Control and Indication 

CIA Computer Interface Adapter 

CIA CAN In Automation 

CIA Current Instruction Address 

CIAC Computer Incident Advisory Capability 

CIAM Computerized Integrated and Automatic Manufacturing 

CIAO Component-Integrated ACE ORB 

CIB Computer Integrated Building/Bureaucracy 

CIC Carrier Identification Code 

CIC Certified IT Consultant 

CIC Committee on Institutional Cooperation 

CIC Coordination and Information Center (CSNet) 

CIC Computing Information Center 

CIC Computing, Information + Communications


CICA Center of Innovative Computer Applications 

CICS Customer Information Control System (IBM) 

CID Charge Injection Device 

CID Conference Identifier 

CID Configuration, Installation, Distribution 

CID Customer Identifier 

CIDAS Conversational Interactive Digital Analog Simulator 

CIDIF Centre International pour le Developpement de l’Inforoute en Fran 

CIDP Computer Industry Development Potential 

CIDR Classless Inter/Internet Domain Routing 

CIE Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (Farbmodell) 

CIELAB Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage LAB (Farbmodell) 

CIEXYZ Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage XYZ (Farbmodell) 

CIEDS Computer Integrated Electron Design Series 

CIF Cell in Frames 

CIF Computer Integrated Facilities 

CIF Common Intermediate Format 

CIF Customer Information Feed 

CIFS Common Insecurity Fail Scrutiny 

CIFS Common Internet File System (Protocol) 

CIIN Corporate Integrated Information Network 

CIIR Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval, Mass. 

CIK Crypto-Ignition Key 

CIL Common Intermediate Language 

CIL Computer Inoperative Limits 

CIL Computerintegrierte Logistik 

CIM Common Information Model 

CIM CompuServe Information Manager 

CIM Computer Input Microfilm 

CIM Computer Integrated Manufacturing 

CIM Custom Install Manager 

CINT Call Interception 

CIO Central Imagery Office 

CIO Chief Information Officer 

CIOCS Communication Input/Output Control System (IBM) 

CIOS Communication Institute for Online Scholarship 

CIP Catalogue Interoperability Protocol 

CIP Catalogue/Cataloguing In Publication/Publishing 

CIP Classical IP 

CIP Command Interface Port

187 

CIP Common Indexing Protocol 

CIP Common ISDN Access Profile 

CIP Compatible Independent Peripherals 

CIP Computer Aided Intuition Guided Programming 

CIP Computer-Investitionsprogramm des Bundes und der Länder 

CIP Concert Internet Plus 

CIP Constraint Imperative Programming 

CIPA Children’s Internet Protection Act 

CIPE Cryptographic Internet Protocol Encapsulation 

CIPP Contexts, Input, Processes + Products 

CIPR Commission on Intellectual Property Rights 

CIPS Canadian Information Processing Society 

CIPSO Commercial/Common Internet Protocol Security Option 

CIR Classless Interdomain Routing 

CIR Committed Information/Interface Rate 

CIRC Circular Reference 

CIRC Cross Interleaved Reed Solomon Code 

CIRSC Cross Interleave Solomon Code 

CIS CALEA Implementation Section 

CIS Card Information Structure 

CIS Cascade Inline Scripting 

CIS CASE Integration Services 

CIS Center for Internet Security 

CIS Client Information Server/System 

CIS Compact Image Sensor 

CIS Computer Information System 

CIS CompuServe Information Service 

CIS Computational and Information Sciences 

CIS Contact Image Sensor 

CIS Computerized Information Service 

CIS Customer Information System 

CISAC Confederation Internationale des Societes d’Auteurs et Compo 

CISAM C-Index Sequential Access Method 

CISC Complex Instruction Set Computer/Code 

CISE Computer and Information Science and Engineering Directora 

CISKA Campus Informationssystem der Universität Karlsruhe 

CISPR Comite International Special des Perturbations Radioelectriqu 

CIT California Institute of Technology 

CIT Communications Improvement Team 

CIT Company Integrated Telephony


CIT Computer Integrated Telephone/Telephony 

CITAB Computer Instruction and Training Assistance for the Blind 

CITED Copyright In Transmitted Electronic Documents 

CITIS Contractor Integrated Technical Information Service 

CITSF Commission Internationale de Telegraphie Sans Fil 

CIVR Computer and Interactive Voice Response 

CIW Certified Internet Webmaster 

CIX Central/Commercial Internet Exchange 

CIX Compulink Information Exchange 

CIX Commercial Internet Exchange (Association) 

CJKV Chinese - Japanese - Korean - Vietnamese 

CJLI Command Job Language Interpreter 

CK Clock 

CKD Count Key Data 

CKE Clock Enable 

CKSM Checksum 

CL Closed Loop 

CL Computational Linguistics 

CL Connectionless Service 

CL Control Language 

CL Current License 

CL Cycle Length 

CLAA Carry Look Ahead Adder 

CLAG Carry Look Ahead Generator 

CLAMS Common Los Alamos Mathematical Software 

CLAR Channel Local Address Register 

CLASP Computer Language for Aeronautics and Space Programming 

CLASS Client Access to Systems and Services 

CLASS Custom Local Area Signalling Service 

CLB Component Load Balancing 

CLC Capacity Limiting Constituents 

CLC Clear Carry Flag 

CLC Computing Learning Center 

CLCC Closed Loop Congestion Control 

CLCS Current Logic Current Switching 

CLD Clear Direction Flag 

CLDATA Cutter Location Data 

CLDC Connected Limited Device Configuration 

CLDR Common Locale Data Repository 

CLE Certified Linux Engineer/Expert

189 

CLEC Competitive Local Exchange Carrier 

CLEF European Commercial Licensed Evaluation Facilities 

CLEO Classified Energy Online (database) 

CLF Common Log (File) Format 

CLH Command Line History 

CLI Call Level Interface 

CLI Calling Line Identification 

CLI Clear Interrupt (flag) 

CLI Client Library Interface 

CLI Command Line Interface/Interpreter 

CLI Common Language Infrastructure/Interface/Interpreter 

CLIB C Library 

CLIC Chemnitzer Linux Cluster 

CLICS Computer Linked Information for Container Shipping 

CLID Calling Line Identification 

CLIP Calling Line Identification Presentation 

CLIR Calling/Connected Line Identification Restriction 

CLIST Command List 

CLK Clock 

CLL Corel License for Learning 

CLLM Consolidated Link Layer Management 

CLMP Connectionless-Mode Network Protocol 

CLNP Connectionless Network Protocol (OSI) 

CLNS Connectionless Mode Network Service 

CLO Class Option (LaTeX) 

CLOB Character Large Object 

CLOE Common LISP Operating Environment 

CLOO Reverse Object Oriented Logical Channel 

CLOS Common LISP Object System 

CLOWN Cluster Of Working Nodes 

CLP Cell Loss Payload/Priority 

CLP Clipboard 

CLP Constraint Logic Programming 

CLPPCRE Common Lisp Portable Perl Compatible Regular Expressions 

CLR Cell Loss Ratio 

CLR Clear 

CLR Common Language Runtime 

CLR Computer Language Research 

CLRTC Clear Real Time Clock 

CLS Clear Screen


CLS Common Language Support 

CLS Connectionless Server 

CLSID Class Identifier 

CLT Communcations Line Terminal 

CLT Computer Language Translator 

CLTD Clock and Tones Distribution 

CLTP Connectionless Transport Protocol (OSI) 

CLTS Clear Task Switch Flag 

CLTS Connectionless Transport Service 

CLTV Constant Linear Time Velocity 

CLU Central Logic Unit 

CLUF Contrat de Licence Utilisateur Final 

CLUI Command Line User Interface 

CLUT Colour Look-up Table 

CLV Ceiling Limit Value 

CLV Constant Linear Velocity 

CLW Certified Linux Wizard 

CM Central Memory 

CM Communications Manager (IBM) 

CM Compilation Manager 

CM Configuration Management 

CM Connection Machine 

CM Control Mark 

CM Corrective Maintenance 

CMA Concert Multi-thread Architecture 

CMAK Connection Manager Administration Kit 

CMAN Cluster Manager 

CMAR Control Memory Address Register 

CMB Common Management Bus 

CMC Common Mail/Messaging Call 

CMC Communication Management Configuration 

CMC Complement Carry Flag 

CMC Computer Mediated Communication 

CMC Construction Maintenance Center 

CMD Circuit Mode Data 

CMD Command 

CMDF C Memo Distribution Facility 

CMDS Computer Misuse Detection System 

CME Center for Media Education 

CME Common Malware Enumeration

191 

CME Core Managed Environment 

CMF Command File 

CMF Creative Music Format 

CMGR Campus/Connection Manager 

CMH Cross My Heart (Slang) 

CMIIW Correct Me If I’m Wrong (Slang) 

CMIP Common Management Information Protocol (OSI) 

CMIS Common Management Information Services/System 

CML Chemical/Commodore Markup Language 

CML Conceptual Modelling Language 

CML Concurrent Metalanguage 

CML Configuration Menu Language 

CML Context Modelling Language 

CML Current Mode Logic 

CMM Capability Maturity Model 

CMM Color Management Module 

CMM Computerized Measurement Machine 

CMMI Capability Maturity Model Integrated 

CMML Continuous Media Markup Language 

CMMS Computerized Maintenance Management Software 

CMMU Cache Memory Management Unit 

CMOL CMIP Over LLC 

CMOS Coats-Mellon Operational Specification 

CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor 

CMOT Common Management Information Protocol over TCP/IP 

CMOV Conditional Move (and Compare Instructions) 

CMP Cellular/Chip-integrated Multi-Processing 

CMP Configuration Management Plan 

CMPS Compare Word String 

CMPT CAPI Message Control Protocol 

CMR Cell Misinsertion Rate 

CMR Corporate Message Recovery 

CMS Call Management Server 

CMS Code/Color/Connection/Content Management System 

CMS Compiler Monitor System 

CMS Content Management System 

CMS Conversational Monitor System (IBM) 

CMS Cryptographic Message Syntax 

CMT Cellular Mobile Telephone 

CMT Chip Multi Threading


CMT Configuration Management Tool 

CMT Connection Management 

CMTP CAPI Message Transport Protocol 

CMTS Cable Modem Termination System 

CMU Carnegie-Mellon-University, Pittsburgh, USA 

CMVC Configuration Management and Version Control (IBM) 

CMW Compartment Mode Workstation 

CMX Communication Method SINIX (Siemens) 

CMY cyan, magenta, yellow (Farbmodell) 

CMYK cyan, magenta, yellow, key/black (Farbmodell) 

CN Comfort Noise 

CN Corporate Network 

CNA Certified NetWare/Network Administrator 

CNA Customer Name and Address 

CNAME Canonical Name (Record) 

CNAPS Co-Processing Node Architecture for Parallel Systems 

CNASI Centre for Networked Access to Scholarly Information (Australien 

CNB Collective Notebook 

CNC Complete Network Centre 

CNC Computerized Numerical Control 

CND Calling Number Delivery 

CND Caldera Network Desktop 

CNE Certified NetWare Engineer/Expert (Novell) 

CNET Centre National d’Etudes des Telecommunications, Paris 

CNF Chomsky Normal Form 

CNF Configuration 

CNG Calling (tone) 

CNG Comfort Noise Generation 

CNG Complete No-Good 

CNI Centre National d’Informatique 

CNI Certified NetWare Instructor (Novell) 

CNI Coalition for Networked Information 

CNI Communications Network International 

CNID Calling Number Identification 

CNIDR Clearinghouse for Networked Information Discovery and Retrieval 

CNIL Commission Nationale de l’Informatique et des Libertes 

CNIP Calling Name Identification Presentation 

CNIR Calling/Connected Name Identification Restriction 

CNL C Numerical Library 

CNM Customer Network Management

193 

CNMA Communications Network for Manufacturing Application 

CNN Cable News Network 

CNN Composite Network Node 

CNNIC China Network Imformation Center 

CNP Corporate Network Provider 

CNR Carrier to Noise Ratio 

CNR Communications and Networking Riser 

CNR Composite Noise Ratio 

CNRI Corporation for National Research Initiatives 

CNRP Common Name Resolution Protocol 

CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Frankreich) 

CNS Color Naming System 

CNS Communications Network System 

CNSS Core Nodal Switching Subsystem (Internet) 

CNT Carbon Nano Tube 

CNT Central Networking Testbed 

CNX Certified NetWare/Network Expert 

CO Call Offer 

CO Central Office 

CO Chief Operator 

CO Command Output 

CO Communication Outlet 

CO Convert Out 

CO Crystal Oscillator 

COA Care Of Address 

COA Certificate Of Authenticity 

COA Compound Online Analytical Processing Architecture 

COAM Customer Owned And Maintained 

COARA Communication of Oita Amateur Research Association 

COAST Card On A Stick 

COAST Computer Operations, Audit and Security Technology 

COB Chip On Board 

COBOL Common Business Oriented Language 

COC Coded Optical Character 

COCOT Customer Owned Coin Operated Telephone 

COD Capacity On Demand 

COD Code (list) 

CODASYL Committee/Conference on Data System Languages 

CODE Client Server Open Development Environment 

CODEC Coder/Decoder


CODEC Compression/Decompression 

CODINE Computing in Distributed Networked Environments 

CODIT Code Division Testbed 

COE Central Office Equipment 

COE Common Operating Environment 

COEDS Common Event Database System 

COEM Commercial Original Equipment Manufacturer 

COFDM Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex 

COFF Common Object File Format 

COGO Coordinate Geometry (Language) 

COIN Console Interrupt Request 

COINS Computer Output Information System 

COL Caldera Open Linux 

COL Collision 

COL Computer Oriented Language 

COLA comp.os.linux.announce (Newsgroup) 

COLD Computer Output to Laser Disc 

COLL Collision 

COLP Connected Line Identification Presentation 

COLR Connected Line Identification Restriction 

COLT Communications Line Terminator 

COLT Computer Oriented Language Translator 

COLT Control Language Translator 

COM Command 

COM commercial; Internet-Domain: Firmen in USA 

COM Common/Component Object Model 

COM Communication 

COM Component Object Model 

COM Computer Output Microfilm 

COM Continuation Of Message 

COMAL Common Algorithmic Language 

COMDEX Computer Dealers’ Exposition 

COMET Cornell Macintosh Terminal Emulator 

COMHED Common Header 

COMINT Communications Intelligence 

COMM Communications 

COMMS Customer Oriented Manaufacturing Management System 

COMP Compare 

COMPACT Computer Planning and Control Technique 

COMPSAC International Computer Software and Applications Conference

195 

COMSAT Communications Satellite Corporation 

COMSEC Communications Security 

COMSL Communications System Simulation Language 

COMSOAL Computer Method of Sequencing Operations for Assembly Lin 

COMTRAN Commercial Translator (IBM) 

CON Console 

COND Condition 

CONF Conference, Configuration 

CONP Connected Name Identification Presentation 

CONP Connection Oriented Network Protocol 

CONS Connection Oriented Network Service 

CONTU Commission On New Technological Uses of Copyrighted Work 

COO Chief Operating Officer 

COOL Control Oriented Language 

COP Constrained Optimization Problem 

COP CPU Overheating Protection 

COPA Child Online Protection Act 

COPE Communications Opportunity, Promotion and Enhancement (A 

COPE Computer Performance Evaluation 

COPICS Communications Oriented Production Information and Contro 

COPS Common Open Policy Service 

COPS Computer Oracle and Password System 

COR Common Object Runtime 

CORAL Computer Online Real-Time Applications Language 

CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture 

CORE Common Runtime Environment 

CORE Council of Registrars (Internet) 

CORNET Corporate ISDN Network Protocol 

COS Card/Cray Operating System 

COS Class of Service 

COS Compatible Operation System 

COS Complementary Switching 

COS Corporation for Open Systems (OSI) 

COS Custom Order Specification 

COSE Combined Office Standard Environment 

COSE Common Open Software/Systems Environment 

COSINE Cooperation for OSI Networking in Europe 

COSMIC Computer Software Management and Information Center (NA 

COSMOS Complementary Symmetric Metal Oxide Semiconductor 

COSMOS Computer Oriented System for Management Order Synthesis


COSMOS Computer System for Mainframe Operations 

COSN Consortium for School Networking 

COSO Charge One Site Only 

COSPAS Cosmicheskaya Sistyema Poiska Avariynich Sudov 

COSS Common Object Services Specification 

COSY Conferencing System 

COT Customer Owned Tooling 

COTK Control Track 

COTS Coin Operated Telephone System 

COTS Commercial Off The Shelf (software) 

COTS Commodity Off The Shelf (Cluster) 

COTS Connection Oriented Transport Service 

COVE Code Verification 

COW Copy On Write 

COW Cluster Of Workstations 

CP Call Pay 

CP Card Punch 

CP Central/Communications/Customized Processor 

CP Check/Control Point 

CP Choke Packet 

CP Circuit Package 

CP Code Page 

CP Complete Partitioning 

CP Computer Professional 

CP Conducting Polymer 

CP Contention Procedure 

CP Continuous Path 

CP Constraint Programming 

CP Control Program 

CP Copy Protected 

CPA Certified Public Accountant 

CPA Closest Point of Approach 

CPA Code Parasite Autopropageable 

CPA Cost Per Action 

CPA Critical Path Analysis 

CPAN Comprehensive Perl Archive Network 

CPBX Computerized Private Branch Exchange 

CPC Card Programmable Calculator (IBM) 

CPC Computer Process Control 

CPC Constant Point Calculation

197 

CPC Cost Per Click 

CPCS Check Processing Control System 

CPCS Common Part Convergence Sublayer 

CPD Constructive Page Description 

CPE Central Processing Element 

CPE Computer Performance Evaluation 

CPE Customer Provided/Premises Equipment 

CPFR Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment 

CPFSK Continuous Phase Frequency Shift Keying 

CPG Central Pattern Generator 

CPG Clock Pulse Generator 

CPG COSINE Policy Group 

CPI characters per inch 

CPI Clocks Per Instruction 

CPI Code Page Information 

CPI Common Part Indication 

CPI Common Programming Interface (IBM) 

CPI Cost Performamce Index 

CPIC Common Programming Interface for Communications (IBM) 

CPIM Common Presence and Instant Messaging 

CPL Call Processing Language (Telecom) 

CPL Characters Per Line (cpl) 

CPL Combined Programming Language 

CPL Common Public License 

CPL Control Panel Library (Microsoft) 

CPL Current Privilege Level 

CPL Cyberathlete Professional League 

CPLD CMOS Programmable Logic Device 

CPLD Complex Programmable Logic Device 

CP/M Control Programm for Microcomputers (DEC) 

CPM Control Programm for Microcomputers (DEC) 

CPM Colliding Pulse Mode 

CPM Computer Program Protection Manager 

CPM Corporate Performance Management 

CPM Critical Path Method 

CPM Cryptography Provider Manager 

CPN Conditional Pathname 

CPN Customer Premises Network 

CPO Certified Project Officer 

CPO Chief Privacy Officer


CPP Corporate Preview Program 

CPPM Computer Protection Program Manager 

CPPM Content Protection for Prerecorded Media 

CPPS Critical Path Planning and Scheduling 

CPRM Content Protection for Recordable Media 

CPS Certification Practice Statement 

CPS Constraint Parameter Set 

CPS Continuation Passing Style 

CPS Critical Path Scheduling 

CPS cycles/characters per second 

CPSA Consumer Product Safety Act 

CPSC Consumer Product Safety Commission 

CPSI Configurable Post Script Interpreter 

CPSR Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility 

CPST Control Point Spanning Tree 

CPT Command Pass Thru 

CPT Common Point of Trust 

CPT COSINE Project Management Team 

CPT Critical Path Technique 

CPTWG Copyright Protection Technical Working Group 

CPU Central Processing Unit 

CPV Cold Process Verification 

CPW Commercial Processing Workload 

CQL Channel Queue Limit 

CQM Class Queue Management 

CQP Corpus Query Processor 

CR Cambridge Ring 

CR Carriage Return 

CR Core (Network) Router 

CR Cray Research, Inc. 

C/R Command Response 

CRAM Card Random Access Memory 

CRAM Challenge Response Authentication Mechanism 

CRAM Cyberspatial Reality Advancement Movement 

CRC Class, Responsibility, Collaboration/Collaborators 

CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check 

CRCG Fraunhofer Center for Research in Computer Graphics 

CRCW Concurrent Read, Concurrent Write (PRAM) 

CRD Color Rendering Dictionary 

CRD Creation Revision Deletion (request)

199 

CREN Corporation/Computer Research Education/Educational Netw 

CREW Compact for Responsive Electronic Writing 

CREW Concurrent Read, Exclusive Write (PRAM) 

CRF Cable Retransmission Facility 

CRF Cross Reference File 

CRI Colour Reproduction Indices 

CRIM Centre de Recherche Informatique de Montreal 

CRIMM Continuity RIMM 

CRISP Complex Reduced Instruction Set Processor 

CRL Certificate Revocation List 

CRL Compile-time Reconfigurable Logic 

CR/LF Carriage Return/Line Feed 

CRM Communications + Records Management 

CRM Customer Relationship Management 

CROM Control Read Only Memory 

CRPC Center for Research on Parallel Computation 

CRR Change Request Reply 

CRS Cell Relay Service 

CRS Computer Reservation System 

CRSAB Centralized Repair Service Answering Bureau 

CRT Cathode Ray Tube 

CRT Chinese Remainder Theorem 

CRTC Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commiss 

CRTC Cathode Ray Tube Controller 

CRTM Core Root of Trusted Module 

CRU Comite Reseau des Universites 

CRU Computer Resource Unit 

CRU Customer Replaceable Unit 

CRUD Create, Read, Update, and Delete 

CRV Code Rule Violation 

CS Cable/Card/Chip Select 

CS Call Sign 

CS Card Service 

CS Chip Select 

CS Circuit Switching 

CS Clear Screen 

CS Clear to Send 

CS Client/Server 

CS Code Segment 

CS Coding Scheme


CS Communications Satellite/System 

CS Computer Science 

CS Continuous Servo 

CS Convergence Sublayer 

CS Correspondence System 

CS-ACELP Conjugate Structure Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction 

CS1 Capability Set 1 

CS80 Command Set 80 (Hewlett-Packard) 

CSA Calendaring and Scheduling API 

CSA Call Path Service Architecture 

CSA Communications Streaming Architecture 

CSA Comprehensive System Accounting 

CSA Conseil Superieur de l’Audiovisuel 

CSA Cyber Security Agency, EU 

CSAR Channel System Address Register 

CSB Channel Status Byte 

CSC Center for Scientific Computing 

CSC COSPAS-SARSAT-Council 

CSCR Consortium for Slow Commotion Research 

CSCW Computer Supported Cooperative/Collaborative Work 

CSD Circuit Switched Data 

CSD Cold Shutdown 

CSD Computer Services Department 

CSD Corrective Service Disk/Diskette (IBM) 

CSDC Code Segment Descriptor Cache 

CSDGM Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata 

CSDN Circuit Switched Data/Digital Network 

CSDS Circuit Switched Data Service 

CSE Certified System Engineer 

CSE Customer Support Engineer 

CSE Common Subexpression Elimination 

CSEA Cyber Security Enhancement Act 

CSF Compagnie Sans Fil 

CSF Content Sealed Format 

CSFI Communication Subsystem For Interconnection 

CSG Constructive Solid Geometry 

CSG Consulting Services Group 

CSI Code Sequence Identification 

CSI Command Sequence Introducer 

CSI Common Synchronous/System Interface

201 

CSI Computer Security Institute, San Francisco, USA 

CSIC Computer System Interface Circuit 

CSIC Customer Specific Integrated Circuit 

CSID Called Subscriber Identifier/Identification 

CSID Calling Station Identifier 

CSIP Compressed Sources IBM PC 

CSIP Corporate Stable Image Platform 

CSIRT Computer Security Incident Response Team 

CSL Computation Structures Language 

CSL Computer/Context Sensitive Language 

CSLIP Compressed Serial Line Interface Protocol 

CSM Compatibility Support Module 

CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance 

CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection 

CSMA/CE Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Elimination 

CSMP Continuous System Modelling Program 

CSMS Customer Support Management System 

CSN Card Select Number 

CSN Circuit Switched Network 

CSN Customer Service Number 

CSNET Computer and Science Network, USA 

CSO Central Services Organization 

CSP Certified Systems Professional 

CSP Chip Scale/Size Packaging 

CSP Commercial Service Provider 

CSP Commercial Subroutine Package 

CSP Communicating Sequential Process/Processes 

CSP CompuCom Speed Protocol 

CSP Constraint Satisfaction Problem 

CSP Cross System Product 

CSP Cryptographic Service Provider 

CSPDN Circuit Switched Public Data Network 

CSPDU Convergence Sublayer Protocol Data Unit 

CSPLA Conseil superieur de la Propriete Litteraire et Artistique 

CSPP Computer Systems Policy Project 

CSPWG Computer Security Policy Working Group 

CSR Cell Switch Router 

CSR Control and Status Register Management 

CSR Customer Service Record 

CSRAM Custom Static Random Access Memory


CSRC Computer Security Resource Center 

CSRF Cross Site Request Forgery 

CSRG (Austin) Common Standards Revision Group 

CSRG Computer Systems Research Group (Berkeley) 

CSS Cascaded/Cascading Style Sheet 

CSS Centralized Structure Store 

CSS Chirp Spread Spectrum 

CSS Client-Server-System 

CSS Code Storage Segment 

CSS Coded Switch Set 

CSS Computer Scheduling System 

CSS Computer Subsystem 

CSS Content Scrambling System 

CSS Continuous System Simulator 

CSS Core System Software 

CSS Critical Systems Support 

CSS Cross Site Scripting 

CSSD Cloneproof Schwartz Sequential Dropping 

CSSL Continuous System Simulation Language 

CSSM Client Server Systems Management 

CSSM Computer Security Site Manager 

CSSO Computer System Security Officer 

CSSP Cascading Style Sheet Positioning 

CSSSP Common Sparse Spectral Spatial Pattern 

CSTA Computer Supported Telephony Application 

CSTAC Computer Systems Technical Advisory Committee 

CSTB Computer Science + Technology Board 

CSTR Computing Science Technical Report 

CSTS Computer Supported Telecommunication/Telephony Standard 

CSU Channel Service/Switching Unit 

CSU Control and Service Unit 

CSV Certified Server Validation 

CSV Circuit Switched Voice 

CSV Client SMTP Verification 

CSV Comma Separated Values/Variables 

CSW Channel Status Word 

CSZ Clark, Shenker, Zhang (algorithm) 

CT Call Transfer 

CT Chipcard Terminal 

CT Clock Time

203 

CT Computer Technik/Telephony/Tomography 

CT Controller 

CT Cordless Telephone 

CT Cut Through 

CTAN Comprehensive TeX Archive Network 

CTB Cipher Type Byte 

CTB Communication Toolbox (Apple) 

CTB Computer Based Training 

CTC Channel To Channel 

CTC Cornell Theory Center 

CTC Counter Timer Chip 

CTCP Client To Client Protocol 

CTCPEC Canadian Trusted Computer Product Evaluation Criteria 

CTCSS Continuous Tone Coded/Controlled Squelch System 

CTD Cell Transfer Delay 

CTDB Clustered Trivial Data Base 

CTDB Compact Terrain Data Base 

CTEA Copyright Term Extension Act 

CTES Cell Technology Evaluation System 

CTF Common Trace Facility 

CTF Contrast Transfer Function 

CTI Computational Testbed for Industry 

CTI Computer Telephony Integration 

CTIA Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association 

CTL Complementary Transistor Logic 

CTL Complex Text Layout 

CTL Corel Transactional Licensing 

CTL CTSS Command Language Controller 

CTM Clock and Tone Module 

CTM Cordless Terminal Mobility 

CTN Corporate Telecommunication Network 

CTO Chief Technical/Technology Officer/Offices 

CTOS Cassette Tape Operating System 

CTOS Corporate Telecommunications and Office Systems 

CTP Community Technology Preview 

CTP Composite Theoretical Performance 

CTP Computer To Plate 

CTP Cordless Telephony Profile 

CTPA Coax to Twisted Pair Adapter 

CTR Cable Throw Replacement


CTR Center for Telecommunications Research, Columbia U. 

CTR Common Technical Regulations 

CTR Computing Tabulating Recording (Corporation) 

CTR Counter 

CTR Current Transfer Ratio 

CTRCO Calculating Tabulating Recording Corporation 

CTRL Control 

CTS Clear To Send 

CTS Common Transport Semantics 

CTS Common Type System 

CTS Computer Telephony Solution 

CTS (EC) Conformance Testing Services 

CTS Courier Time Server 

CTS Customer Telephone System 

CTSS Compatible/Cray Time-Sharing System 

CTY Console Teletype 

CU Control Unit 

CU Customer Use 

CU See You (Slang) 

CU2 See You, Too (Slang) 

CUA Common User Access (IBM) 

CUA Commonly Used Acronym 

CUA Computer Users Association 

CUB Cursor Backward 

CUCN Communication Controller Node 

CUD Cursor Down 

CUDA Compute Unified Device Architecture 

CUE Custom Updates and Extras 

CUF Cursor Forward 

CUG Closed/Closet User Group 

CUI Captive/Common/Consistent User Interface 

CUI Character/Character-oriented User Interface 

CUL See You Later (Slang) 

CUNY City University of New York 

CUOD Central Unit on Demand 

CUP Communications User Program 

CUP Competitive Upgrade 

CUP Cursor Position 

CUPID Completely Universal Processor Input/Output Design 

CUPS Common UNIX Printing System

205 

CURL Cambridge University Robot Language 

CUSI Configurable Unified Search Index 

CUSIP Committee for Uniform Security Identification Procedures, US 

CUSP Customer Programming Language 

CUSSNET Computer Use in Social Sciences Network 

CUT Control Unit Terminal 

CUTE Clarkston University Terminal Emulator 

CUU Computerunterstützter Unterricht 

CUU Cursor Up 

CVD ClamAV Virus Database 

CVD Compact Video Disk 

CVE Collaborative Virtual Environment 

CVE Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures 

CVF Compressed VFAT 

CVF Compressed Volume File 

CVGA Color Video Graphics Array 

CVIA Computer Virus Industry Association 

CVN Credit Card Validation Number 

CVP Collaborative Virtual Prototyping 

CVS Computer Vision Syndrome 

CVS Concurrent Versions System 

CVSD Continuous Variable Slope Delta (Modulation) 

CVT Convert 

CVT Coordinated Video Timings (VESA) 

CVW CodeView for Windows (Microsoft) 

CVW Collaborative Virtual Workspace (License) 

CW Call Waiting 

CW Continuous Wave 

CW Control Word 

CWA Competitive Web Analysis 

CWI Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica, Amsterdam 

CWIS Campus/Community Wide Information Service/System (Intern 

CWP Communication Word Processor 

CWS Congestion Window Setting 

CXFS SGI Clustered Extended File System 

CXI Common X Interface 

CXML Commerce Extensible Markup Language 

CYA Cover Your Ass (Slang) 

CYK Cocke-Younger-Kasami (-Algorithmus) 

CYL Cylinder


CYL See You Later (Slang) 

CYMK Cyan Yellow Magenta Key/Black (Farbmodell) 

D Daemon, Data, Deutsch, Digital, Direct, Document, Double 

D Datenleitung 

D2C Digital To Character 

D2PC Dynamic Two Phase Commitment 

D2T2 Dye Diffusion Thermal Transfer (Drucker) 

D64S ISDN-Festverbindung 64 kbit/s 

DA Destination Address 

DA Digital/Analog, D/A 

DA Direct Access 

DA Destination Address 

DAA Data Access Arrangement 

DAA Decimal Adjust for Addition 

DAA Detect and Avoid Algorithm 

DAA Digest Access Authentication 

DAA Dynamic Adaptive Acknowledgment 

DAB Daten-Autobahn 

DAB Digital Audio Broadcast/Broadcasting 

DAB Direct Access Buffer 

DAC Data Acquisition and Control 

DAC Daily Administrative Check 

DAC Design Automation Conference 

DAC Device Access Code 

DAC Digital-Analog-Converter 

DAC Digital Audio Copy 

DAC Discretionary Access Control 

DAC Distributed Academic Computing 

DAC Dual Attached/Attachment Component/Concentrator 

DACD Directory Access Control Domain 

DACK DMA Acknowledge 

DACL Discretionary Access Control List (Microsoft) 

DACS Data Acquisition Control System 

DACS Data and Analysis Center for Software, DoD, USA 

DACS Digital Access and Cross-connect System 

DACT Data Compression Technology 

DACTLU Deactivate Logical Unit 

DAD Desktop Application Director

207 

DAD Duplicate Address Detection 

DAE Datenaufnahmeeinheit 

DAE Differential-algebraic Equation 

DAE Digital Audio Extraction 

DAF Destination Address Field 

DAF Deutsche-Arbeitsfront-Empfänger 

DAG Directed Acyclic Graph 

DAG Direktrufnetzabschlussgerät 

DAGM Deutsche Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mustererkennung 

DAI Distributed Artificial Intelligence 

DAK Diagnose-Kanal 

DAKfCBNF Deutscher Arbeitskreis für CB- und Notfunk 

DAKS Dateikatalogsystem 

DAL Data Access Language/Layer 

DAL Dedicated Access Line 

DAL Disk Access Lockout 

DAM Data Acquisition and Monitoring 

DAM Debian Account Manager 

DAM Digital Asset Management 

DAM Digital Audio Monitor 

DAM Direct Access Method 

DAMA Demand Assigned Multiple Access 

DAML DARPA/Distributed Agent Markup Language 

DAML Digital Archives Markup Language 

DAMPS Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service 

DAN Domestic/Desk Area Network 

DANCC Domestic Area Network Coordination Centre 

DANTE Delivery of Advanced Network Technology to Europe 

DANZKO Datennetzkoordinator 

DAO Data Access Object 

DAO Disk At Once 

DAP Data Access Protocol (DEC) 

DAP Data Archiving Process 

DAP Developer Assistance Program 

DAP Directory Access Protocol 

DAP Division Advisory Panel (NSF) 

DAP Document Application Profile 

DAP Dynamic Application Partitioning 

DAPC Data Acquisition and Process Control 

DAPI Desktop Application Programming Interface


DAPIE Developers’ Application Programming Interface Extensions 

DAR Datenausgabe-Register 

DAR Digital Audio Radio 

DAR Display Aspect Ratio 

DAR Dynamic Adaptive Routing 

DARC Data Radio Channel 

DARC Deutscher Amateur-Radio Club 

DARI Database Application Remote Interface (IBM) 

DARMS Digital Alternate Realization of Musical Symbols 

DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, USA 

DART Dexterous Anthropomorphic Robotic Testbed 

DART Digital Audio Reconstruction Technology 

DAS Data Acquisition Subsystem/System 

DAS Datenausgabe-Steuerung 

DAS Decimal Adjust for Subtraction 

DAS Digital Analysis System 

DAS Direct Attached Storage 

DAS Dual Attached/Attachment Station (FDDI) 

DASAT Datenübertragung via Satellit 

DASD Direct Access Storage Device 

DASH Digital Audio Stationary Head 

DASL DAV Search and Locate 

DASP Data Administration Strategic Plan 

DASP Data Analysis Statistics and Probability 

DASP Deliver Automated Solutions Process 

DASP Drive active – Slave present 

DASP Dynamic Adaptive Speculative Preprocessor 

DASS Direct Access Secondary Storage 

DASS Ditributed Authentication Security Service 

DAST Datenaustausch-Steuerung 

DAT Digital Audio Tape 

DAT Disk Array Technology 

DATACOM Data Communications 

DATC Drake Authorized Testing Center (Novell) 

DATEL Data Telecommunication 

DATEV Datenverarbeitungsorganisation der steuerberatenden Berufe 

DATEX-J Data Exchange for Jedermann 

DATEX-L Data Exchange by Lines (leitungsvermittelt) 

DATEX-M Data Exchange Multi-Megabit 

DATEX-P Data Exchange in Packages (paketvermittelt)

209 

DATV Digital Amateur Television 

DAU Digitaler Alarmumsetzer 

DAU Digital Announcement Unit 

DAU Dümmster Anzunehmender User (Slang) 

DAU Dynamische Adress-Umsetzung 

DAV Data Available 

DAV Digital Audio Video 

DAV Distributed Authoring and Versioning 

DAVACS DoE Automated Visitor Access Control System 

DAVIC Digital Audio Video Council 

DAVID Digital Audio Video Interactive Decoder 

DAWG Directed Acyclic Word Graph 

DB Data Base/Buffer 

DB Device Bay 

DB Dynamic Backtracking 

DBA Database Access/Agent/Administrator 

DBB Detect Before Break 

DBBS Database Baby Sitter (DBA) 

DBBS Dynamic Bass Boost System 

DBC Data Bus Controller 

DBC Device Bay Controller 

DBCES Dynamic Bandwidth Utilization in 64 kBit/s Time Slot Trunki 

DBCS Delivery Bar Code Sorter 

DBCS Double-Byte Character Set 

DBE Data Base Engine 

DBFS Data Base File System 

DBH Data Base Handler 

DBI Data Base Interface (Class) 

DBIC Dezibel Isometric Circular 

DBLP Digital Bibliography + Library Project 

DBM Data Base Manager 

DBM Dezibel per Milliwatt 

DBML Data Base Markup Language 

DBMS Data Base Management System 

DBP Deutsche Bundespost 

DBPSK Differential Binary Phase Shift Keying 

DBQ Data Base Query 

DBQ Data/Document Based Question 

DBR Deterministic Bit Rate 

DBR DOS Boot Record


DBS Data Base Server/System 

DBS Debian Build System 

DBS Demand Based Switching 

DBS Deutscher Bildungsserver 

DBS Direct Broadcast/Broadcasting Satellite/System 

DBT Dynamic Backtracking 

DBV Deutsches Bücherverzeichnis 

DBV Digital Broadcast Video 

DBWR Database Writer 

DBX Debugger for UNIX 

DC Data Collection/Communication/Compression/Control 

DC Design Change 

DC Device Context (Microsoft) 

DC Device/Domain Control 

DC Direct Connect/Current 

DC Distributed Computing 

DC Distribution Center 

DC Domain Controller 

DC Dublin Core (Metadata Element Set) 

DC Duck + Cover (Slang) 

DCA Data Center Administration 

DCA Defense Communications Agency, USA 

DCA Digital Computer Association 

DCA Distributed Communications Architecture 

DCA Document Content Architecture 

DCAF Distributed Console Access Facility (IBM) 

DCAM Data Communication Access Method 

DCAM Digital Camera 

DCAM Direct Chip Attach Module 

DCB Data/Device Control Block 

DCB Disk Coprocessor Board (Novell) 

DCC Data Communication Channel 

DCC Data Country Code 

DCC Debian Core Consortium 

DCC DCC Common Core (Alliance) 

DCC Department Computer Coordinator 

DCC Differential Chain Code 

DCC Digital Command Control 

DCC Digital Compact Cassette 

DCC Digital Content Creation

DCC Direct Cable/Client Connection 

DCC Direct Client to Client 

DCC Display Combination Code 

DCC Distributed Checksum Clearinghouse 

DCCA Distributed Component Computing Architecture 

DCCH Dedicated Control Channel 

DCCP Data Communications Control Procedure 

DCCP Datagram Congestion Control Protocol 

DCCP Digital Computer Control Panel 

DCCP Display Control Computer Program 

DCCP Dublin Core Community Profile 

DCCP Dynamic Content Caching Protocol 

DCCS Distributed Capability Computing System 

DCD Data Carrier Detect 

DCE Data Circuit/Communication Equipment 

DCE Data Circuit-Termination Equipment 

DCE Data Collection Engine 

DCE Digital Communications Experiment 

DCE Distributed Computing Environment (OSF) 

DCF Data Communication Facility (IBM) 

DCF Data Compression Facility 

DCF Data Count Field 

DCF Design rule for Camera File systems 

DCF Disengage Confirmation 

DCF Distributed Coordination Function 

DCF Document Composition Facility 

DCF Driver Configuration File 

DCFL Deterministic Context Free Language 

DCFL Direct Coupled FET Logic 

DCI Digital Cinema Initiatives 

DCI Display Control Interface 

DCL Data Center Linux 

DCL Data Control Language (SQL) 

DCL DEC Command Language 

DCL Declaration 

DCL Device Clear 

DCL Digital Command Language (DEC) 

DCL Disc Change Line 

DCLZ Data Compression Lempel Ziv 

DCM Data Communication Method/Multiplexer 

211


DCM Digital Content Management 

DCM Distributed Computing Model 

DCM Dual chip Module 

DCME Digital Circuit Multiplication Equipment 

DCMI Dublin Core Metadata Initiative 

DCML Dynamic Configuration Markup Language 

DCNA Data Communications Network Architecture 

DCOM Data Communication processor 

DCOM Distributed Component Object Model 

DCOP Desktop Communications Protocol (KDE) 

DCP Data Collecting Platform 

DCP Device Control Protocol 

DCP Digital Cinema Package 

DCS Data Collection/Control System 

DCS Defined Context Set 

DCS Desktop Colour Separation 

DCS Diagnostic Communication System 

DCS Digital Cellular (Telecommunication) System 

DCS Distributed Computing/Control System 

DCS Dynamic Channel Selection 

DCSP Dynamic Constraint Satisfaction Problem 

DCT Database Configuration Tool 

DCT Digital Cellular Telephone 

DCT Digital Core Technology 

DCT Discrete Cosine Transform/Transformation 

DCTL Direct Coupled Transistor Logic 

DCTP Developmental Certification Test Plan 

DCU Data Cache Unit 

DCV Destination Coded Vehicle 

DD Data Definition/Deliverable 

DD Debian Developer 

DD Digital Data/Display 

DD Double Density 

DDA Deutsche Daten-Autobahn 

DDA Digital Differential Analyzer 

DDA Distributed Data Access 

DDA Distributed Database Architecture 

DDA Document Description Architecture 

DDA Domain Defined Attribute 

DDA DRAM Development Alliance

213 

DDB Device Dependent Bitmap 

DDB Device Descriptor Block 

DDB Dynamic Delayed Broadcasting 

DDBAC Data Design HBCI Banking Apllication Components 

DDBMS Distributed Data Base Management System 

DDC Dewey Decimal Classification 

DDC Digital/Display Data Channel 

DDC Direct Digital Control 

DDC Distributed Data Coupling 

DDC Dual Die Chip 

DDC Dynamic Data Center 

DDC1 Display Data Channel One 

DDCMP Digital Data Communication Message Protocol (DEC) 

DDCS Distributed Database Connection Services (IBM) 

DDD Direct Distance Dialing 

DDDB Display Device Data Block 

DDE Direct Data Entry 

DDE Distributed Debugging Environment 

DDE Dynamic Data Exchange 

DDEML Dynamic Data Exchange Manager Library (Microsoft) 

DDES Double Data Encryption Standard 

DDF Dynamic Data Formatting 

DDFA Data Communications and Terminal Controller Device File Ac 

DDH Distributed Document Handling 

DDI Device Driver Interface 

DDI Digital Document Interchange 

DDI Direct Dial/Dialling In 

DDIF Digital Document Interchange Format 

DDK Device Driver Kit (Microsoft) 

DDK Driver Development Kit 

DDL Data Definition/Description Language 

DDL Display/Document Description Language 

DDM Distributed Data Manager/Management 

DDN Defense Data Network, USA 

DDNS Dynamic Domain Name System 

DDOS Distributed Denial Of Service 

DDP Datagram Delivery Protocol 

DDP Debian Documentation Project 

DDP Distributed Data Processing 

DDR Double Data Rate


DDR Dynamic Document Review 

DDS Data Description Specification 

DDS Data Distribution Service 

DDS Dataphone Digital Service (AT&T) 

DDS Delegation Discovery System 

DDS Design Data Sheet 

DDS DFN Directory Services 

DDS Digital/Distributed Data Service/Storage 

DDS Digital Direct Synthesis 

DDS Direct Digital Service/Synthesis 

DDS Direkte digitale (Frequenz-)Synthese 

DDS Disk Definition Structure 

DDS Distributed Database Services 

DDT Dynamic Debugging Tool 

DDTA Digital Distributed Transaction Architecture 

DDV Datendirektverbindung 

DDV DES DES Verfahren 

DDV Dialog Data Validation 

DDVT Dynamic Dispatch Virtual Tables 

DDX Digital Data Exchange 

DDXP Digital Data Exchange, Packet-switching Network 

DE Datenentstörung 

DE Debugging Extensions 

DE Device End 

DE Discard Eligible 

DE Document Engineering 

DE Double Ended 

DEA Data Encryption Algorithm 

DEA Deterministischer Endlicher Automat 

DEA Disposable Email Address 

DEARN Deutsches EARN 

DEBI Direct Memory Access Extended Bus Interface 

DEC Decrement 

DEC Device Clear 

DEC Digital Equipment Corporation 

DECNET Digital Equipment Corporation Networking (protocol) 

DECT Digital European Cordless Telecommunication 

DECUS DEC Users Society 

DED Darkness Emitting Diode 

DEE Datenendeinheit/-einrichtung (= DTE)

215 

DEF Data Exchange Format 

DEF Default 

DEF Destination Element Field 

DEF Desktop Functional Equivalent 

DEFOMA Debian Font Manager 

DEG Datenendgerät 

DEISA Distributed European Infrastructure for Supercomputing App 

DEK Data Encryption Key 

DEK Dateneingabekanal 

DEL Decode Encode Language 

DEL Delete 

DELTA Developing European Learning Through Technology Advance 

DELUG Deutsche LINUX User Group 

DEM Digital Elevation Model 

DEMA Decoupled Multiuser Acquisition 

DEMA Differential Electromagnetic Analysis 

DEMTS Digital and Electronic Maps Transfer Standard 

DEN Directory/Document Enabled Networking/Networks 

DENIC Deutsches Network Information Center 

DEOS Distributed External Object Store 

DEP Data Execution Prevention/Protection 

DEPP Distributed Enhanced Programming Policy 

DER Dateneingaberegister 

DER Distinguished Encoding Rules 

DES Data Encryption Standard 

DES Data Entry Sheet 

DES Dateneingabesteuerung 

DES Dynamic Energy Saver 

DESY Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg 

DET Device Execute Trigger 

DEV Development 

DEV Device 

DEV Device Exclusion Vector 

DEVO Datenerfassungsverordnung 

DF Data/Destination Field/Form 

DF Default 

DF Device/Double Flag 

DFA Deterministic Finite Automaton 

DFB Distributed Feedback (-Laser) 

DFBI Depth First Begin Index


DFC Data Flow Control 

DFCE Defense Control Element 

DFD Datenanwendung für Dritte 

DFD Datenflussdiagramm, Data Flow Diagram 

DFD Deutsches Fernerkundungs-Datenzentrum 

DFDR Digital Flight Data Recorder 

DFEI Depth First End Index 

DFG Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 

DFKI Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz, Kaisers 

DFM Design For Manufacturability 

DFN Deutsches Forschungsnetz e. V. 

DFP Decimal Floating Point 

DFP Digital Flat Panel (Port) 

DFR Double Frequency Recording 

DFS Deniable File System 

DFS Depth First Search 

DFS Distributed File Service/System 

DFS Dynamic Frequency Selection 

DFSA Direct File System Access 

DFSG Debian Free Software Guidelines 

DFSMS Data Facility Storage Management Subsystem 

DFT Design For Testability 

DFT Diagnostic Function Test 

DFT Discrete Fourier Transform/Transformation 

DFT Distributed Function Terminal 

DFT Drive Fitness Test 

DFU Data File Utility 

DFU Device Firmware Update 

DFUE Datenfernübertragung 

DFV Datenfernverarbeitung 

DFZ Default-free Zone 

DG Data Group 

DG Datagram 

DGA Direct Graphics Access/Architecture 

DGC Distributed Garbage Collection 

DGI Deutsche Grid-Inititative 

DGIF Delta GIF 

DGIS Direct Graphics Interface Standard 

DGL Device-independent Graphics Library (HP) 

DGN Deutsche Gesellschaft für Netzdienste

217 

DGPS Differential Global Positioning System 

DGS Dynamische Geometrie-Software 

DGT Direction Generale des Telecommunications 

DH Diffie-Hellman (Key Exchange) 

DH Digital Home 

DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (Internet) 

DHDTV Digital High Definition Television 

DHIS Dynamic Host Information System 

DHL Dynamic Head Loading 

DHRVVF Ducking, Hiding and Running Very Very Fast (Slang) 

DHS Department of Homeland/Hopeless Security, USA 

DHSD Duplex High Speed Data 

DHT Distributed Hash Table 

DHTML Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language 

DI Data In 

DI Decoder Identification 

DI Destination Index 

DIA Defence Intelligence Agency 

DIA Deutsche Informatik Akademie 

DIA Display Industry Association 

DIA Document Interchange Architecture (IBM) 

DIAC Dedicated Inquiry Access Code 

DIAD Delivery Information Acquisition Device 

DIAS Digital Information Archiving System 

DIB Data Information Base 

DIB Device Independent Bitmap 

DIB Directory Information Base 

DIB Dual Independent Bus 

DIBOL DEC Business Oriented Language 

DICOM Digital Image/Imagery/Imaging (and) Communication/Commu 

DICOM Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine 

DID Digital Image Design 

DID Digital Information Display 

DID Direct Inward Dialling 

DIDAC Digital Data Acquisition + Control 

DIDL Digital Item Declaration Language 

DIDS Defense Integrated Data System 

DIDS Distributed Intrusion Detection System 

DIF Data/Directory Interchange Format 

DIFS Distributed/DCF Inter Frame Space


DIG Digital Imposition Geometry 

DIGI Deutsche Interessengemeinschaft Internet e. V. 

DII Dynamic Invocation Interface 

DIIP Direct Interrupt Identification Port 

DIL Dual In Line 

DILA Direct-Drive Image Light Amplifier (D-ILA) 

DILLIGAS Do I Look Like I Give A Shit (Slang) 

DIM Data Interpretation Module 

DIMDI Deutsches Institut für Medizinische Information und Dokumentat 

DIME Direct Internet Message Encapsulation 

DIMM Dual Inline Memory Module 

DIN Deutsche Initiative für Netzwerkinformation 

DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung, Berlin 

DIN Do It Now (Slang) 

DINI Deutsche Inititative für Netzwerkinformation 

DIO Data Input and Output 

DIP Dialup Internet Protocol 

DIP Digital/Document Image Processing 

DIP Dissemination Information Package 

DIP Dual Inline Package/Pin 

DIPS Dual Domain In Plane Switching 

DIR Directory 

DIRC Digital Inter Relay Communication 

DIS Data Item Specification 

DIS Digital Immune System (Symantec) 

DIS Directory/Distributed Information System 

DIS Distributed Interactive Simulation 

DIS Draft International Standard (ISO) 

DIS Dynamic Impedance Stabilization 

DISA Data Interchange Standards Association 

DISA Defense Information Systems Agency, USA 

DISA Direct Inward System Access 

DISC Disconnect (frame) 

DISCO Digital Secure Communication (Bosch/Ascom) 

DISCSI Differential SCSI 

DISEQC Digital Satellite Equipment Control 

DISN Defense Information Systems Network 

DISOSS Distributed Office Support System (IBM) 

DISP Directory Information Shadow Protocol 

DISP Displacement

219 

DIST Digital Image Scaling Technology 

DIT Depth of Inheritance Tree 

DIT Directory Information Tree 

DITO Dit Is Totale Onzin (Slang) 

DITO DoD IPv6 Transition Office 

DITR Deutsches Informationszentrum für Technische Regeln 

DIU Data Interface Unit 

DIV Data In Virtual (Facility) 

DIV Digitale Vermittlungsstelle 

DIV Divide 

DIVA Digitales Videoarchiv, Karlsruhe 

DIVE Direct Interface Video Extension 

DIVO Digitale Vermittlungsstelle Ortsnetz 

DIVX Digital Video Express 

DIW D-Inside Wire 

DIWSCSI Differential Wide SCSI (16 Bit) 

DIX Digital Equipment Corporation, Intel, Xerox (Ethernet) 

DIY Do It Yourself (Slang) 

DJDE Dynamic Job Descriptor Entry 

DJM Distributed Job Manager 

DKE Deutsche Kommission Elektrotechnik Elektronik Information 

DKE Deutscher Kleinempfänger (Goebbelsharfe) 

DKG Digitales Kartengerät 

DKI Device Kernel Interface 

DKIM Domain Keys Identified Mail 

DKMS Dynamic Kernel Module Support (Linux) 

DKOM Direct Kernel Object Manipulation 

DKRZ Deutsches Klima-Rechenzentrum, Hamburg 

DKUUG Danish UNIX Users’ Group 

DKZ Datenkonzentrator 

DL Download 

DL/1 Data Manipulation Language 1 (IBM) 

DLB Dynamic Load Balancing 

DLC Data Link Control (IBM) 

DLC Digital Learning Center (Kodak) 

DLC Digital Loop Carrier 

DLC Distributed Loop Carrier 

DLC Down Line Control 

DLCI Data Link Connection Identifier 

DLCX Data Link Control Exchange


DLD Detailed Level Design 

DLE Data Link Escape 

DLF Deutschlandfunk 

DLGI Dienstleistungsgesellschaft für Informatik 

DLHP Deutsches Linux HowTo Projekt 

DLI Digital Libraries Initiative 

DLL Data Link Layer 

DLL Delay/Digitally Locked Loop 

DLL Dynamic Link Library 

DLLP Data Link Layer Protocol 

DLM Distributed LAN Monitoring 

DLM Distributed Lock Manager 

DLM Dynamic Link Module 

DLNA Digital Living Network Alliance 

DLO Document-Like Object 

DLOC Delta Lines Of Code 

DLP Data Load Partition 

DLP Digital Light Processing 

DLPI Data Link Provider Interface 

DLR Dependent LU Requester 

DLR Design Layout Record 

DLR DOS LAN Requester 

DLS Data Link Switching 

DLS Dependent LU Server 

DLS Distributed Load Sharing 

DLS Downloadable Sounds 

DLSG Deutsche Lehrsoftware Gemeinschaft 

DLSW Data Link Switching 

DLT Digital Linear Tape 

DLTM Don’t Lie To Me (Slang) 

DM Data Mark/Mining/Mode 

DM Delta Modulation 

DM Dense Mode 

DM Device Management/Mapper 

DM Dialogue Management (System) 

DM Direct Manipulation (of text) 

DM Disconnect/Disconnected Mode 

DM Distributed Memory/Monitor 

DMA Direct Memory Access/Addressing 

DMA Document Management Alliance

DMAC Direct Memory Access Controller 

DMAN Differential Manchester (Coding) 

DMAPI Data Management Application Program Interface 

DMB Digital Multimedia Broadcast/Broadcasting 

DMB Domain Master Browser 

DMC Digital Media Center 

DMC Direct Memory Controller 

DMC Distributed Management Chain 

DMCA Digital Millenium Copyright Act 

DMD Device Manager Driver 

DMD Digital Micromirror Device 

DMD Direct Manipulation Device 

DMD Directory Management Domain 

DME Digitaler Meldeempfänger 

DME Direct Memory Execution 

DME Distance Measuring Equipment 

DME Distributed Management Environment (OSF) 

DMF Direct Manual Focus 

DMF Distribution Media Format 

DMG Distress Message Generator 

DMI Data Management and Interoperability 

DMI Data Memory Interface 

DMI Database Management Interface 

DMI Definition of Management Information 

DMI Design Manufacturing Interface 

DMI Desktop Management Interface 

DMI Deutsche Mittelstandsinformatik 

DMI Digital Media Infrastructure 

DMI Digital Multiplexed Interface 

DMI Digital Music Initiative 

DMI Diploma in Medical Informatics 

DMI Dipole Mode Index 

DMI Direct Manipulation Interface 

DMI Distributed Management Interface 

DMI Distributed Medical Intelligence 

DMI Dynamic Method Invocation 

DML Data Manipulation Language 

DML Dialog Markup Language 

DML Distributed Mode Loudspeaker 

DMLT Distributed Multi Link Trunking 

221


DMM Digital Multimeter 

DMMP Distributed Memory, Message Processing 

DMMS Dynamic Memory Management System 

DMMV Deutscher Multimedia Verband 

DMO Directory Management Organization 

DMOS Double-diffused Metal-Oxide Semiconductor 

DMOZ Directory Mozilla 

DMP Designated Mailers Protocol 

DMP Dot Matrix Printer 

DMPC Distributed Memory Parallel Computer 

DMPM Digital Monitor Power Management 

DMPP Distributed Memory Parallel Processor 

DMQS Display Mode Query and Set (IBM) 

DMR Dual Modular Redundancy 

DMS Data/Design/Desktop/Document Management Software/System 

DMS Deadline Monotonic Scheduling 

DMS Digital Management Solutions 

DMSD Digital Multi-Standard Decoding 

DMSDK Digital Media Software Development Kit 

DMSP Distributed Mail System Protocol 

DMSS Distributed Mass Storage System 

DMSV Distributed Memory, Shared Variables 

DMT Discrete Monitor Timing (VESA) 

DMT Discrete Multitone (Modulation) 

DMTF Desktop/Distributed Management Task Force 

DMU Digital Mock-up 

DMUP Debian Machine Use Policies 

DMUX Demultiplexer 

DMY Day Month Year (Datumsangabe) 

DMZ De-Militarised Zone (Firewall) 

DN Distinguished Name 

DN Down 

DNA Digital Network Architecture (DEC) 

DNA Direct Note Access 

DNA Distributed Network Architecture 

DNA Document Enabled Network 

DNB Deutsche Nationalbibliographie 

DNC Direct/Distributed Numerical Control 

DNCP Decnet Phase IV Control Protocol 

DNCRI Division of Networking and Communications Research and Infrast

223 

DND Do Not Disturb 

DNDO Do Not Disturb Override 

DNE Deterministic Network Enhancer (VPN) 

DNF Disjunktive Normalform 

DNG Datennetzabschlussgerät 

DNG Digital Negative 

DNHR Dynamic Non-Hierarchical Routing 

DNI Desktop Network Interface 

DNI Direct Neural Interface 

DNIC Data Network Identification Code 

DNIE Digital Natural Image Engine 

DNIS Dialed Number Identification Service 

DNKZ Datennetz-Kontrollzentrum (DBP) 

DNL Dynamic Noise Limiter 

DNLC Directory Name Lookup Cache 

DNM Datennetzabschlussmodul 

DNMS Datennetz-Management-Software 

DNPG Digital Networks Product Group 

DNRC Domain Name Rights Coalition 

DNS Direct Numerical Simulation 

DNS Domain Name Server/Service/Scheme/System (Internet) 

DNSB Daten-Netz-Signalisierung Typ B 

DNSBL DNS Based Blacklist 

DNSO Domain Name Supporting Organization 

DNSSEC Domain Name System with Security Extensions 

DNUG Deutsche Notes User Group 

DO Data Out, Distributed Object 

DOA Dead On Arrival 

DOAG Deutsche Oracle-Anwender-Gruppe 

DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals 

DOAR Directory of Open Access Repositories 

DOC Distributed Object Computing 

DOCP DAE Optimal Control Problem 

DOCS Designation of Other Coding System 

DOCSIS Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification 

DOCSV Data Over Circuit Switched Voice 

DOCT Distributed Object Computation Testbed 

DOD Department of Defence (Defense), USA 

DOD Digital Optical Disc 

DOD Dollars On Demand


DOD Drink Or Die 

DOD Drop On Demand 

DODCI Department Of Defense Computer Institute 

DOE Department Of Energy, USA 

DOE Distributed Objects Environment/Everywhere 

DOI Digital Object Identifier 

DOI Domain Of Interpretation 

DOIP Dial Other Internet Providers 

DOK Distrikts- und Ortsverbands-Kenner (des DARC) 

DOL Direct Object Linking 

DOLAP Desktop OLAP 

DOM Document Object Model/Modul 

DOM Document Output Management 

DOMF Distributed Object Management Facility (Sun) 

DOORS Distributed Object Oriented Reliable Service 

DOP Directory Operational Binding Management Protocol 

DOQ Digital Orthophoto Quadrangle 

DOR Digital Optical Recording 

DOS Denial Of Service 

DOS Disk Operating System 

DOS Distributed Operating System 

DOSEM DOS Emulator/Emulation 

DOSS Dedicated Office Systems and Services 

DOT Document Template 

DOT Documents to Think with (GMD) 

DOV Data Over Voice 

DOVE Digital Orbiting Voice Encoder 

DOW Day Of Week 

DOW Direct Overwrite 

DP Data Processing 

DP Dial Pulse 

DP Digital Person/Persona/Photography 

DP Distributed Printing/Processor 

DP Dot Pitch 

DP Draft Proposed Standard (ISO) 

DPA Demand Protocol Architecture 

DPA Differential Power Analysis 

DPA Document Printing Application/Architecture 

DPAM Demand Priority Access Method 

DPAR Data Parallel Abstraction

225 

DPAREN Data Parity Enable (IBM) 

DPB Drive Parameter Block 

DPBO Downstream Power Back Off 

DPC Deferred Procedure Call 

DPC Direct Program Control 

DPC Display Controller 

DPCM Differential Puls Code Modulation 

DPCT Data Processing Control Transmittal Card 

DPD Dead Peer Detection 

DPD Deep Power Down (modus) 

DPDA Deterministic Push Down Automaton 

DPDS Data Processing Distributed Systems 

DPF Discrete Packet Format 

DPG Dedicated Packet Group 

DPI Deep Packet Inspection 

DPI Distributed Protocol Interface 

DPI dots per inch 

DPL Debian Project Leader 

DPL Descriptor Privilege Level 

DPL Distributed Program Link 

DPM Digital Panel Meter 

DPM Display Power Management 

DPMA Data Processing Management Association, USA 

DPMA Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt, München 

DPMI DOS Protected Mode Interface (Microsoft) 

DPMS Digital/Display Power Management Signaling/Software/Suppo 

DPMS Display Power Management Signaling (Standard) (VESA) 

DPMS DOS Protected Mode Service 

DPO Dial Pulse Originating 

DPO Data Phase Optimization 

DPOF Digital/Direct Print Order Format 

DPP Demand Priority Protocol 

DPR Distributed Pasword Recovery 

DPR Dynamic Physical Rendering 

DPS Digital Print System 

DPS Display Postscript 

DPS Document Processing System 

DPSI Direction, Planification et Strategie Informatique 

DPSI Dots Per Square Inch 

DPSI Dual Power Servo Interface


DPSK Differential Phase Shift Keying 

DPT Data Processing Terminal 

DPT Drive Parameter Table 

DPU Data Parallel Unit 

DQCB Distributed Queue Control Bus 

DQDB Distributed Queue Double/Dual Bus 

DQF Driver Qualification File 

DQL Data/Database/DataEase Query Language 

DQL DAML Query Language 

DQL DICOM Query Label 

DQL Domain Qualifier List/Lists 

DQO Data Quality Objective 

DQPSK Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying 

DR Data Received 

DR Designated Router 

DR Digital Research 

DR Direct or Reverse 

DR Disaster Recovery 

DR Document Request 

DR Dynamic Reconfiguration 

DRA Deutsches Rundfunk-Archiv 

DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory 

DRAW Direct Read After Write 

DRB DRAM Row Boundary 

DRBD Distributed Replicated Block Device 

DRC Dynamic Range Compression 

DRCMF Digital Reality Creation Multi Function (Sony) 

DRCS Dynamically Redefinable Character Set 

DRDA Distributed Relational Database Architecture (IBM) 

DRDA Distributed Remote Database Access 

DRDRAM Direct Rambus Dynamic RAM 

DRDW Direct Read During Write 

DRE Direct Recording Electronic (Device) 

DRE Distributed Real-time and Embedded (systems) 

DRI Declarative Referential Integrity 

DRI Defense Research Internet 

DRI Digital Research Incorporated 

DRI Direct Rendering Infrastructure 

DRI Dynamic Range Increase 

DRL Dynamically Reconfigurable Logic

227 

DRM Digital Radio Mondiale (Modulation) 

DRM Digital Restrictions/Rights Management 

DRM Direct Rendering Manager 

DRM Distributed Resource Management 

DRM Dual Retention Mechanism 

DRMS Data Record Management System 

DRO Data Request Output 

DRO Destructive Read Out 

DRP DEC’s Routing Protocol 

DRP Disaster Recovery Plan 

DRP Distributed Reservation Protocol 

DRQ Disengage Request 

DRQ DMA Request 

DRR Dynamic Rate Repartitioning 

DRS Data Relay Satellite 

DRS Document Registration System 

DRS Domino Runtime Services 

DRS Driver Resource 

DRS Druckstation 

DRTS Data Relay + Tracking System 

DRTS Distributed Revision Tracking System 

DRV Drive (Laufwerk) 

DRY Don’t Repeat Yourself 

DS Data Segment/Send/Server/Strobe 

DS Differentiated Service 

DS Digit Select 

DS Directory Services 

DS Distributed Services (OSF) 

DS Distribution Service (Cable TV) 

DS Distribution System (WLAN) 

DS Double Sided 

DS Drive Select 

DS02 ISDN-Festverbindung 128 kbit/s 

DS3 Digital Signal Level 3 

DSA Data Service Adapter 

DSA Data/Digital Signature/Standard/Storage Architecture/Algorit 

DSA Debian Security Advisory 

DSA Digital Signature Algorithm 

DSA Directory System Agent (X.500) 

DSAB Distributed Systems Architecture Board


DSAF Destination Subarea Address Field 

DSAP Data Self Auditing Program 

DSAP Destination Service Access Point 

DSAS Data Sharing Architecture System 

DSB Datenschutzbeauftragter 

DSB Double Side Band 

DSC Digital Selective Call/Calling 

DSC Direct Satellite Communications 

DSC Direct Space Control 

DSC Document Structuring Comments/Conventions (Postscript) 

DSCH Downlink Shared Channel 

DSCP Differentiated Services Code Point 

DSCS Defense Satellite Communications System, USA 

DSD Direct Stream Digital 

DSDC Data Segment Descriptor Cache 

DSDC Dual Socket Direct Connect 

DSDD Double Sided Double Density (Floppy) 

DSDT Data Set Definition Table 

DSDT Differentiated System Description Table 

DSE Data Storage Equipment 

DSE Data Switching Exchange 

DSE Distributed System Environment 

DSE DSA Specific Entry 

DSEA Display Station Emulation Adapter 

DSECT Data/Dummy Control Section 

DSEE Domain Software Engineering Environment (HP) 

DSG Digital Signal Generator 

DSH Desparately Seeking Help (Slang) 

DSH Dotnet Scripting Host 

DSHD Double Sided High Density (Floppy) 

DSI Detailed Spectrum Investigation 

DSI Digital Sspeech Interpolation 

DSI Dynamic Systems Initiative (Microsoft) 

DSIG Digital Signature 

DSIMM Dual RAS SIMM 

DSIS Distributed Support Information Standard 

DSK Datenschutzkommission 

DSL Damn Small Linux 

DSL Dialogue Scripting Language (OSF) 

DSL Digital Subscriber Line

229 

DSL Dynamic Simulation Language 

DSLAC DSL Access Concentrator 

DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer 

DSLB Digital Subscriber Line Board 

DSM Daten-Signal-Multiplexsystem 

DSM Demand Side Management 

DSM Distributed Shared Memory 

DSM Domain Specific Modelling 

DSMA Digital Sense Multiple Access 

DSMIT Distributed SMIT (IBM) 

DSML Directory Services Markup Language 

DSMLT Distributed Split Multi Link Trunking 

DSMX Digitaler Signalmultiplexer 

DSN Data Source Name 

DSN Deep Space Network 

DSN Defense Switched Network 

DSN Delivery Status Notification 

DSN Digital Switching Network 

DSN Distributed Sensor Networks 

DSO Digital Sampling Oscilloscope 

DSO Dynamic Shared Object 

DSOM Distributed System Object Model 

DSOM Distributed Systems Operations and Management 

DSP Delivery Service Partner 

DSP Digital Signal/Sound Processing/Processor 

DSP Directory Synchronization/System Protocol 

DSP Display Support/Systems Protocol 

DSP Domain Specific Part 

DSPL Datensichtplatz 

DSPT Display Station Pass Thru 

DSPU Downstream Physical Unit 

DSQ Digital Squelch 

DSQ Double Square (Coding) 

DSQD Double Sided Quad Density (Floppy) 

DSR Data Set Ready 

DSR Device Status Register/Report 

DSR Digitales Satelliten-Radio 

DSR Document Search and Retrieval 

DSR Dynamic Source Routing 

DSRC Dedicated Short Range Communication


DSRI Deutsche Stiftung für Recht und Informatik 

DSS Data Security Standard 

DSS Data Storage Segment/Server 

DSS Decision Support System 

DSS Digital Satellite System 

DSS Digital Signature Standard/System 

DSS Digital Spread Spectrum 

DSS Digital Subscriber Signalling 

DSS Digitized Sky Survey 

DSS Direct Station Selector 

DSS Directory and Security Services 

DSS Distributed Security Service 

DSS1 Digital Signalling System No. 1 

DSSA Domain Specific Software Architecture 

DSSI Digital Standard Systems Interconnect (DEC) 

DSSI Digital Storage Systems Interconnect 

DSSS Direct Sequence/Sequencing Spread Spectrum 

DSSSL Document Style Semantics and Specification Language 

DST Datenstation 

DST Daylight Saving Time 

DST Depleted Substrate Transistor 

DST Direct Stream Transfer 

DST Dispersive Signal Technology 

DSTN Double Super Twisted Nematic Field Effective Material 

DSU Data/Digital Service/Switching Unit 

DSUWG Data Systems Users’ Working Group 

DSVD Digital Simultaneous Voice and Data 

DSW Data/Device Status Word 

DSX Digital Signals Cross-Connect 

DT Data Track/Translation/Transmission/Transmit/Type 

DT Date + Time 

DT Deep Trench (bipolar junction transistor) 

DT Definition Term 

DT Delay Time 

DT Desktop 

DT Deutsche Telekom 

DT Diagnostic Test 

DT Dial Tone 

DT Digital/Direct Television 

DT Digital Termination

DT Directional Transmission 

DT Display Terminal 

DT Distributed (graphical user interface) Toolkit 

DT Double Tagging 

DT Downtime 

DTA Datenträger-Austausch 

DTA Diagnosetestablauf 

DTA Direct Tape Access 

DTA Disk Tranfer Area 

DTAB Demountable Tape Automated Bonding 

DTAG Deutsche Telekom AG 

DTC Data Communications and Terminal Controller 

DTC Desktop Communication/Conferencing 

DTC Distributed TCP Caching 

DTC Distributed Transaction Coordinator 

DTCP Digital Transmission Content/Copy Protection 

DTD Document Type Definition 

DTDS Disaster Tolerant Disk System 

DTE Data Terminal/Terminating Equipment 

DTE Dumb Terminal Emulator 

DTF Digital Tape Format (Sony) 

DTF Distributed Test Facility 

DTFS Desktop File System 

DTIM Delivery Traffic Indication Map/Message 

DTK Deception Toolkit 

DTK Desired Track 

DTK Developer Transition Kit 

DTL Designated Transit List 

DTL Dialogue Tag Language 

DTL Diode Transistor Logic 

DTLA Dynamic Transmit Level Adjustment 

DTLB Dual Translation Lookaside Buffer 

DTLS Datagram Transport Layer Security 

DTLS Descriptive Top Level Specification 

DTLS Distributed Teaching, Learning, and Services 

DTM Deterministic Turing Machine 

DTM Digital Terrain Mapping 

DTMF Data/Dual Tone Multiple Frequency 

DTMF Desktop Management Task Force 

DTML Document Template Markup Language 

231


DTN Data Transmission Network 

DTN Delay/Disruption Tolerant Network/Networking 

DTN Digital Telephone Network 

DTN Duplex, Tray, Network (printer) 

DTN Dutch Telecom Netherlands 

DTOS Distributed Trusted Operating System 

DTP Desktop Publishing 

DTP Distributed Transaction Process/Processing 

DTPS Dialer Token Pairs 

DTR Data Terminal Ready 

DTR Data Transfer Rate 

DTR Dedicated Token Ring 

DTR Digital Trunk 

DTS Decode Time Stamp 

DTS Digital Termination/Transceiving System 

DTS Digital Theatre Sound/System 

DTS Direct To SOM 

DTS Distributed Time Server/Service 

DTS Distributed Traffic Shaping (Cisco) 

DTSS Dartmouth Time Sharing System 

DTSS Digital Time Synchronization Service 

DTTB Digital Terrestrial TV Broadcasting 

DTV Desktop Video 

DTV Digital Television 

DTVC Desktop Video Conferencing 

DTX Discontinuous Transmission 

DU Disk Usage 

DUA Directory User Agent (X.500) 

DUAT Direct User Access Terminal 

DUCWIC Do You See What I See (Slang) 

DUe Datenübertragung 

DUeE Datenübertragungseinheit/-einrichtung 

DUG Discretionary User Group 

DUKATH Drahtlose Universität Karlsruhe (TH) 

DUL Dial-up User List 

DUN Dial-up Networking (Profile) 

DUNCE Dial-up Network Connection Enhancement 

DUNDI Distributed Universal Number Discovery 

DUNDIS Direction of United Nations Databases and Information Systems 

DUS Datenübertragungssystem

233 

DUST Datenübertragungssteuerung 

DUST Datenumsetzerstelle 

DUT Device Under Test 

DUV Data Under Voice 

DV Datenverarbeitung 

DV Delivery Verification (certificate) 

DV Digital Video 

DV Distance Vector 

DVA Datenverarbeitungsanlage 

DVA Distance Vector Algorithm 

DVB Digital Video Broadcast/Broadcasting 

DVBH Digital Video Broadcast/Broadcasting Handheld 

DVBT Digital Video Broadcast/Broadcasting Terrestrial 

DVC Desktop Video Conferencing 

DVC Digital Vibrance Control 

DVC Digital Video Camera/Cassette 

DVCR Digital Video Cassette Recording 

DVCS Distributed Version Control System 

DVD Dackel Vom Dienst 

DVD Deutsche Vereinigung für Datenschutz 

DVD Digital Versatile/Video Disc 

DVD-R Digital Versatile Disk Read Only Memory 

DVD-RW Digital Versatile Disk Re-Writable 

DVD-RAM Digital Versatile Disk Random Access Memory 

DVE Digital Video Effects 

D-VHS Data VHS 

DVI Deutsches Video Institut 

DVI Device Independent 

DVI Digital Video/Visual Interactive/Interface/Interleaved 

DVL Digital Video Link 

DVM Digital Voltmeter 

DVMRP Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol 

DVO Dynamic Variable Ordering (Heuristic) 

DVOF Digital Video Over Fibre 

DVR Digital Video/Voice Recorder 

DVST Datenvermittlungsstelle 

DVV Datenverarbeitungsverantwortlicher 

DW Data Warehouse/Warehousing 

DW Dual Watch 

DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexer/Multiplexing


DWF Drawing Web Format 

DWG Drawing (AutoCAD) 

DWIM Do What I Mean (Slang) 

DWISNWID Do What I Say Not What I Do (Slang) 

DWM Diskless Workstation Management 

DWMT Discrete Wavelet Multi Tone 

DWN Debian Weekly News 

DWS Digitaler Wahlstift 

DWT Directory Watch 

DWT Discrete Wavelet Transform/Transformation 

DWTT Distribution Wide Tracker Tool 

DX Directory Exchange 

DX Weitverkehr, Distance (Funk) 

DXA Directory Exchange Agent 

DXB Digital Extended Broadcasting 

DXB Drawing Exchange Binary 

DXC Data Exchange Control 

DXC Digital Cross Connect 

DXF Data/Drawing Exchange/Interchange File/Format 

DXF Data Transfer File 

DXG Datexnetzabschlussgerät 

DXI Data Exchange Interface 

DYHWIH Do You Hear What I Hear (Slang) 

DYMO Dynamic MANET On-Demand (Routing) 

DYNSLT Dynamic Select 

DYNSRC Dynamic Source 

DZUG Deutsche Zope Users Group 

E Electronic, End, Enhanced, European, Extended 

E2EG Ear To Ear Grin (Slang) 

E2U E.164 To URI 

EA Effective Address 

EA Eingabe/Ausgabe, E/A 

EA Emulsion Aggregation 

EA Extended Address/Attribute 

EA External Address 

EAC Election Assistance Commission, USA 

EAC European Activities Committee 

EAC Exact Audio Copy

235 

EAC Extended Access Control 

EACEM European Association of Consumer Electronics Manufacturers 

EAD Encoded Archival Description (Format) 

EAD Ethernet-Anschlussdose 

EAI Enterprise Application Integration 

EAIM European Alliance for Information Management 

EAL Evaluation Assurance Level 

EAM Electronic Accounting Machinery 

EAN European Advanced Networking (Protocol) 

EAN European Article Number 

EAN Extragalactic Area Network 

EANCOM EDIFACT-Subset Konsumwirtschaft 

EANTC European Advanced Networking Test Center 

EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol 

EAPOE Extensible Authentication Protocol Over Ethernet 

EAPOL Extensible Authentication Protocol Over LAN 

EAPS Ethernet Automatic Protection Switching 

EAR Eavesdrop And Register 

EAR Elektro-Altgeräte Register 

EAR Enterprise Archive 

EAR External Access Register 

EARBA Enhanced Adaptive Rate Based Algorithm 

EARN European Academic Research Network 

EAROM Electrically Alterable Read Only Memory 

EARS Electronic Access to Reference Services 

EARS Electronic Authoring and Routing System 

EARS Explicit Archive and Retrieval System 

EAS Electronic Authorization System 

EAS Enterprise Agreement Subscription 

EAS Extended Area Service 

EASA European Academic Software Award 

EASC Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certifi 

EASKT Einzelanschluss-Konzentrator 

EATA Enhanced AT Bus Attachment 

EAWR Eingabeauswahlknotenregister 

EAX Environmental Audio Extensions 

EAZ Endgeräteauswahlziffer (ISDN) 

EBASIC Extended BASIC 

EBC EFI Byte Code 

EBC EISA Bus Controller


EBCDIC Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (IBM) 

EBCOT Embedded Block Coding with Optimized Truncation 

EBCT Electron Beam Computed Tomography 

EBD Emergency Boot Disk 

EBI Equivalent/Extended Background Input/Investigation 

EBL Electronic Bearing Line 

EBM Electronic Bearing Marker 

EBNF Erweiterte (Extended) Backus-Naur-Form 

EBONE European Backbone 

EBP Electronic Bill Presentmet 

EBP Elektronisches Briefpapier 

EBP Extended Base Pointer 

EBPNN Error Back Propagation Neural Network 

EBPP Electric Bill Presentment and Payment 

EBR Excessive Burst Rate 

EBR Extended Boot Record 

EBS Event Based Sampling 

EBT Electronic Benefits Transfer 

EBTF European Banking Technology Fair 

EBU European Broadcasting Union 

EBV Elektronische Bildverarbeitung 

EBX Electronic Book Exchange 

EBXM Electronic Business XML 

EC Echo Cancellation 

EC Educational Computer 

EC Electronic Cash/Commerce 

EC End Chain 

EC Error Control 

EC European Community 

EC Evolutionary Computing 

EC Exchange Carrier 

EC Executive Commitee 

ECA Event, Condition, Action 

ECAD Electronic Computer Aided Design 

ECAL Enjoy Computing And Learn 

ECAS Exchange Card Architecture Specification 

ECAT Electronic Card Assembly and Test 

ECB Electronic Code Book 

ECB Event Control Block 

ECBS European Committee for Banking Standards

237 

ECC Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem/Cryptography 

ECC Enter Cable Change 

ECC Error Check/Correction Circuit/Code 

ECC Error Checking and Correcting 

ECCC Electronic Colloquium on Computational Complexity 

ECCN Export Control Classification Number 

ECCOS Electronic Card Catalog + Ordering System 

ECD Enhanced Colour Display 

ECD Enhanced Compact Disc 

ECDH Elliptic Curve Diffie Hellman 

ECDL European Computer Driving License 

ECDLP Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem 

ECDSA Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm 

ECDT Embedded Controller Boot Resources (Description) Table 

ECEF Earth-centered Earth-fixed 

ECF Enhanced Connectivity Facility 

ECG Electronic Content Guide 

ECHO European Community Host Organisation 

ECI Europäisches Computer Informationszentrum, Bonn 

ECI External Call Interface 

ECIN Electronic Commerce Info Net 

ECIS European Committee for Interoperable Systems 

ECL Emitter Coupled Logic 

ECL Execution Control List 

ECLF Extended Log File Format 

ECM Electronic Control Module 

ECM Enhanced Coprocessor Mount 

ECM Enterprise Content Management 

ECM Entity Connection/Coordination Management 

ECM Error Correcting/Correction Mode 

ECMA European Computer Manufacturers Association 

ECN Electronic Communications Network 

ECN Explicit Congestion Notification 

ECNE Enterprise Certified NetWare Engineer (Novell) 

ECO Electron Coupled Oscillator, Electronic Commerce Forum 

ECODU European Control Data Users Group 

ECOM Electronic Commerce 

ECOM Electronic Computer Originated Mail 

ECOM Emergency/Exterior Communications 

ECOMA European Computer Measurement Association


ECOOP European Conference on Object Oriented Programming 

ECP Enhanced/Extended Capabilities Port (Microsoft) 

ECP Excessive Cross-Posting 

ECPA Electronic Communications Privacy Act 

ECR Efficient Consumer Response 

ECRC European Computer Industry Research Centre 

ECRIT Emergency Context Resolution with Internet Technologies 

ECS Embedded Computing System 

ECS Encryption Control Signal 

ECS Enhanced Chip Set 

ECS European Common Standard 

ECS European Communications Satellite 

ECSD Enhanced Circuit Switched Data 

ECSI European Custom Systems Integration 

ECSS Exalted Carrier Single Sideband 

ECTF Enterprise Computer Telephony Forum 

ECTL Electronic Communal Temporal Lobe 

ECU EISA Configuration Utility 

ED Edge Device 

ED End Delimiter 

ED Erase Display 

ED2K EDonkey2000 

EDA Electronic Design Automation 

EDA Embedded Document Architecture 

EDA Event Driven Architecture 

EDA Explorative Datenanalyse 

EDAB Extended Digital Audio Broadcasting 

EDAC Error Detection And Correction 

EDAP Extraordinary Data Availability and Protection 

EDB Embedded Data Base 

EDC Electronic Digital Computer 

EDC Enhanced Data Correction 

EDC Error Detection and Correction 

EDC Error Detection Code 

EDCA Enhanced Distributed Channel Access 

EDCF Enhanced Distributed Coordination Function 

EDD Enhanced Disk Drive 

EDDC Extended Distance Data Cable 

EDE Encrypt Decrypt Encrypt 

EDF Earliest Deadline First

239 

EDFA Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier 

EDG Electronic/Email Discussion Groups 

EDG Environmental Data Gathering 

EDG Environmental Database Gateway 

EDG EOS Data Gateway 

EDG European Data Grid 

EDGAR Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval 

EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution 

EDGE Explicit Data Graph Execution 

EDI Electronic Data/Document Interchange 

EDIBDB EDIFACT-Subset Baumärkte 

EDID Extended Display Identification Data 

EDIFACT Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce an 

EDIFICE EDIFACT-Subset Elektroindustrie 

EDIFURN EDIFACT-Subset Möbelindustrie 

EDIOFFICEEDIFACT-Subset Bürobedarf 

EDITEX EDIFACT-Subset Textilindustrie 

EDL Edit Decision List 

EDL Encapsulator/Enterprise Definition/Description Language 

EDLC Ethernet Data Link Control 

EDM Engineering Data Management 

EDMS Electronic Document Management System 

EDMS Enterprise Desktop Management Services 

EDO Enhanced/Extended Data Out/Output (DRAM) 

EDOC Electronic Document 

EDOC Enterprise Distributed Object Computing 

EDP Electronic Data Processing 

EDP Enhanced Dot Pitch 

EDPM Electronic Data Processing Machine 

EDPS Electronic/Enhanced Data Processing System 

EDR Enhanced Data Rate 

EDR External Developer Relaease 

EDRAM Enhanced Dynamic Random Access Memory 

EDS Electronic DIP Switch 

EDS Elektronisches Datenvermittlungssystem 

EDS Experimental Distributed System 

EDSAC Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator 

EDSI Enhanced Small Device Interface 

EDSL Ethernet Digital Subscriber Line 

EDSRA Earth Data System Reference Application


EDSS European Digital Subscriber System 

EDTV Enhanced/Extended Definition Television 

EDU educational; Internet-Domain: Universitäten in USA 

EDV Elektronische/Experimentelle Daten-Verarbeitung 

EDVA Erbium doped Fiber Amplifier 

EDVAC Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer 

EE Electronic/Extended Edition 

EE Endeinrichtung 

EEC Extended Error Correction 

EEDID Enhanced Extended Display Identification Data 

EEE Energy Efficient Ethernet 

EEEPROM Emulated Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory 

EEFL External Electrode Fluorescent Lamp 

EEHLLAPI Entry Emulator HLLAPI 

EEHO Either End Hop Off 

EEL Epsilon Extension Language 

EEM Extended Memory Management 

EEMA European Electronic Messaging Association 

EEMAC Electrical + Electronic Manufacturers of Canada 

EEMS Enhanced Expanded Memory Specification/Support 

EEP Equal Error Protection 

EEPAL Electrically Erasable Programmable Array Logic 

EEPI Electronic Entertainment Policy Inititative 

EEPLD Electrically Erasable Programmable Logic Device 

EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory 

EES Escrowed Encryption Standard 

EESA Enterprise Extensions SMART Accessed 

EF Externer Fehler 

EFA Extended File Attribute 

EFAC Extended File Access Control 

EFCI Explicit Forward Congestion Identification 

EFF Electronic Frontier Foundation 

EFI Electromechanical Frequency Interference 

EFI Electronics For Imaging 

EFI Extensible Firmware Interface 

EFIP European Federation of Interconnection and Packaging 

EFISC Enhanced Fast Instruction Set Computer 

EFL Emitter Follower Logic 

EFLA Extended Four Letter Acronym 

EFM Eight-by/to-Fourteen Modulation

241 

EFR Enhanced Full Rate 

EFRC Enhanced Full Rate CODEC 

EFS Electronic Filing System 

EFS Enhanced/Encrypted/Encrypting/Enterprise/Episode/Extent F 

EFS Extended File (Name) Server 

EFT Electronic Funds Transfer 

EFT Euro File Transfer 

EFTP Easy File Transfer Protocol 

EFTS Electronic Funds Transfer System 

EFUe Emissionsdaten-Fernübertragung 

EG Evil Grin (Slang) 

EG Exterior Gateway 

EGA Enhanced Graphics Adaptor/Array 

EGC (Inmarsat) Enhanced Group Call 

EGD Entropy Gathering Daemon 

EGEE Enabling Grids for E-Science in Europe 

EGG Gesetz zum Elektronischen Geschäftsverkehr 

EGK Elektronische Gesundheitskarte (eGK) 

EGL Embedded-Systems Graphics Library 

EGL Enterprise Generation Language 

EGN Einzelgebührennachweis 

EGNOS European Geostationary Navigation Overlay System 

EGP Exterior Gateway Protocol (Internet) 

EGPCS Environment, GET, POST, Cookies, Server 

EGPE Extended Generalized Programming Environment 

EGPRS Enhanced General Packet Radio Service 

EGW Edge Gateway 

EHCI Enhanced Host Controller Interface 

EHF Extremely High Frequency 

EHKP Einheitliches höheres Kommunikationsprotokoll 

EHLLAPI Emulator High Level Language Application Programming Int 

EHR Electronic Health Record 

EHS European Home System 

EHSA European Home Systems Association 

EIA Electronic Industries Alliance, USA 

EIAJ Electronics Industry Association of Japan 

EIB European Installation Bus 

EIBA European Installation Bus Association 

EIBIEM Enhanced Interactive Business Integrating Environment Man 

EICAR European Institute for Computer Anti-Virus Research


EICTA European Information, Communications + Consumer Electronics I 

EID Electronic Identity 

EID Electronic Information Display 

EIDE Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics 

EIDP Electronic Information Developers Program 

EIES Electronic Information Interchange System 

EIES European Information Exchange Service for the Communication b 

EIFS Extended Inter Frame Space 

EIGRP Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol 

EIM Electronic Image Management 

EIMS Eudora Internet Mail Server 

EIN European Informatics Network 

EIP Enterprise Informational Portal 

EIP Extended Instruction Pointer 

EIP Extended IP (Internet) 

EIR Equipment Identity Register 

EIRP Effective/Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power 

EIS Electronic/Employee/Emergency Information Services/System 

EIS Enterprise/Executive/Expert Information System 

EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture 

EISS Europäisches Institut für Systemsicherheit 

EIST Enhanced Intel Speedstep Technology 

EIT Event Information Table 

EITI European Interconnect Technology Initiative 

EITO European Information Technology Observatory 

EIUF European ISDN User Forum 

EIV Encryption Initialization Vector 

EJB Enterprise Java Beans 

EJO Electronic Journal Online 

EK Editor Kit 

EK Event Kernel 

EKT Envelope-Kanal-Teiler 

EKTS Electronic Key Telephone Service/Sets 

EL Electroluminiscent (Display) 

EL Elevation 

EL Embedded Linux 

EL Erase Line 

ELAN Educational/Elementary Language 

ELAN Emulated Local Area Network 

ELANC Enhanced Local Area Network Controller

243 

ELC Embedded Linking and Control 

ELC Embedded Linux Consortium 

ELD Electroluminescent Display 

ELD Electronic License Distribution 

ELEC Embedded Linux Expo + Conference 

ELEC Enterprise Local Exchange Carrier 

ELENA Elektronischer Einkommensnachweis 

ELF Executable and Linkable/Linking Format 

ELF Extremely Low Frequency 

ELFEXT Equal Level Far End Crosstalk 

ELFF Extended Log File Format 

ELGA Elektronische lebenslange Gesundheitsakte 

ELKS Embeddable Linux Kernel Subset 

ELM Electronic Mail (system) 

ELOD Erasable Laser Optical Disk 

ELOS Electro Optical Synergy 

ELOS Embedded Lightweight Operating System 

ELP Education License Program 

ELS Entry Level System 

ELSA Enhanced Linux System Accounting 

ELSPA European Leisure Software Publishers Assosciation 

ELSTER Elektronische Steuer-Erklärung 

ELT Emergency Locator Transmitter 

ELV Electronic/Extra Low Voltage 

ELV Elektronisches Lastschriftvefahren 

ELWIS Elektronisches Wasserstrassen-Informationssystem für die Bi 

EM Electronic Mail 

EM End of Medium 

EM End-host Multicast 

EM Expanded Memory 

EMA Electronic Mail Association 

EMA Enterprise Management Architecture (DEC) 

EMAC European Market Awareness and Education Committee 

EMACS Editing Macros (GNU) 

EMACS Escape-Meta-Alt-Control-Shift (Slang) 

EMAIL Electronic Mail 

EMAS Edinburgh Multi-Access System 

EMB Enhanced Master Burst 

EMB Extended Memory Block 

EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility


EMC Electronic Mail Connection 

EMC Extended Math Coprocessor 

EMCC Eckert-Mauchly Computer Company 

EME Earth - Moon - Earth (Connection) 

EME Electromagnetic Environment 

EMEA Europe, Middle East, and Africa 

EMEA European Medicinal Evaluation Agency, London 

EMF Electromagnetic Field/Force 

EMF Enhanced Meta File 

EMFBI Excuse Me For Butting In (Slang) 

EMFIS Emerging Markets Financial Services 

EMHS Electronic Message Handling Systems 

EMI Electric & Musical Industries 

EMI Electromagnetic Interference 

EMI External Memory Interface 

EML European Media Lab, Heidelberg 

EMM Enterprise Mail Manager 

EMM Expanded Memory Manager 

EMP Electromagnetic Pulse 

EMP Excessive Multi-Posting/Multiple Posting 

EMPA Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt 

EMR Electromagnetic Radiation 

EMR Electronic Mail Registration 

EMR Enhanced Metafile Record 

EMS Electronic Mail System 

EMS Electronic/Enhanced Message Service 

EMS Energy Management System 

EMS Enhanced Messaging Service 

EMS Expanded Memory Specification 

EMSAPI Extended Messaging Services Application Programming Interface 

EMSEC Emanations Security 

EMSEC Embedded Security (group), UCLA 

EMT Embedded Management Tool 

EMUG European MAP Users Group 

EMV Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit 

EMVG Gesetz über die elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit von Geräten 

EMVU Elektromagnetische Veträglichkeit zur Umwelt 

EMX Enterprise Mail Exchange 

EN End Node 

EN European Norm

245 

ENA Electronic Networking Association 

ENCMM Ethernet Network Control + Management Module 

ENDEC Encoder/Decoder 

ENDF Evaluated Nuclear Data File 

ENDS Ends Segment 

ENFIA Exchange Network Facilities For Interstate Access 

ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer 

ENISA European Network and Information Security Agency 

ENITH European Network for Information Technology in Human Serv 

ENL European Network Laboratories 

ENP Ethernet Node Processor 

ENQ Enquiry 

ENS Enterprise Network System/Services/Switch 

ENSS European Navigation Satellite System 

ENSS Exterior Nodal Switching Subsystem (Internet) 

ENUM (T)Elephone Number Mapping 

EO Electro Optical 

EO Europe Online 

EOA End Of Address 

EOB End Of Block 

EOC Embedded Operations Channel 

EOC End Of Character/Conversion/Cycle 

EOD End Of Data 

EOD End Of Discussion (Slang) 

EOF ECC On the Fly 

EOF End Of Field/File/Flame 

EOF Enterprise Objects Framework 

EOI End Of Image/Interrupt 

EOI End Or Identify 

EOJ End Of Job 

EOL End Of Life/Line/List 

EOL Europa Online 

EOM End Of Message/Meckerei 

EOM Erasable Optical Memory 

EON Enhanced (Information Concerning) Other Networks 

EOP End Of Page/Partition 

EOR End Of Record 

EOR Exclusive Or (auch: XOR) 

EOS Educational Online Sources 

EOS Electro Optical System (Canon)


EOS End Of String 

EOS Error Correction Code On SIMM 

EOSAT Earth Observation Satellite 

EOSDIS Earth Observing System Data and Information System (NASA) 

EOT Embedded Open Type 

EOT End of Tape/Transaction/Transmission/Table/Text 

EOTC European Organization for Testing and Certification 

EOU Ease Of Use 

EOU End Of User 

EOUG European Oracle Users Group 

EPA Environmental Protection Agency, USA 

EPA Europäisches Patentamt, München 

EPA Execution Path Analysis 

EPAC Enhanced Perceptual Audio Coding 

EPC Electronic Product Code 

EPEAT Electronics Product Environmental Assessment Tool 

EPG Electronic Program Guide 

EPI Enhanced Parallel Interface 

EPI Execute Programmer Immediately (Slang) 

EPI External Presentation Interface 

EPIC Electronic Privacy Information Center, USA 

EPIC Explicitly Parallel Instruction (Set) Computing 

EPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon 

EPL Effective Prvilege Level 

EPL Ethernet Powerlink 

EPLD Electronic/Erasable Programmable Logic Device 

EPM Enterprise Process Management 

EPMAP Electronic Publishing Mapping Project 

EPO Emergency Power Off 

EPO Entry Point Obscuring 

EPOE Enhanced Power Over Ethernet 

EPP Enhanced Parallel Port 

EPP Ethernet Packet Processor 

EPPT European Printer Performance Test 

EPRCA Enhanced Proportional Rate Control Algorithm 

EPRML Enhanced Partial Response Maximum Likelihood 

EPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory 

EPS Electronic Publishing System 

EPS Encapsulated Postscript 

EPS Enterprise Parallel Server (HP)

247 

EPSCS Enhanced Private Switched Communications Service 

EPSF Encapsulated Postscript File Format 

EPSI Encapsulated Postscript Interchange Format 

EPSMA European Power Supply Manufacturers Association 

EPSR Ethernet Protection Switching Ring 

EPSS Experimental Packet Switching Service 

EPU Energy Processing Unit 

EQ Equalizer 

ER Entity Relationship 

ER Explicit Rate 

ER Externer Rechner 

ERA Elementarer/Eingeschränkter Regulärer Ausdruck 

ERA Extended Registry Attribute 

ERAS Electronic Routing and Approval System 

ERBIS Einheitliches Rechnerunterstütztes Betriebsführungssystem 

ERC European Radiocommunication Committee 

ERC European Research Council 

ERC Explicit Route Control 

ERC External Relations Committee 

ERCIM European Research Consortium for Informatics and Applied M 

ERD Emergency Repair Disc 

ERD Entity Relationship Diagram 

ERE Extended Regular Expression 

ERESC European Register of Stolen Computers 

EREW Exclusive Read, Exclusive Write (PRAM) 

ERG European Regulators Group 

ERI Emergency Recovery Information 

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center, USA 

ERL Echo Return Loss 

ERLL Enhanced Run Length Limited 

ERM EMC and Radio Matters 

ERM Entity/Enterprise Relationship Model 

ERMA Electronic Recording Method, Accounting (General Electric) 

ERMES European Messaging System 

ERMES European Radio Message Service/System 

ERN Explicit Route Number 

ERO European Radiocommunications Office 

EROM Erasable Read Only Memory 

ERP Effective Radiated Power 

ERP Endpoint Routing Protocol


ERP Enterprise Resource Planning 

ERR Error 

ERS Evidence Record Syntax 

ERU Emergency Recovery Unit/Utility 

ES Elektronische Signatur 

ES Elementary Stream 

ES Endsystem, End System 

ES Enhanced Security 

ES Expanded Store 

ES Extra Segment 

ESA Enterprise System Architecture 

ESA European Space Agency 

ESATA External Serial ATA 

ESB Einseitenband, Single Side Band 

ESB Enterprise Service Bus 

ESC Electronic Support Center/Centre 

ESC Escape 

ESC European Support Center (Novell) 

ESCD Extended Setup/System Configuration Data 

ESC/I Epson Standard Code for Image Readers 

ESC/P Epson Printer Language 

ESCM Extended Services Communications Manager 

ESCON Enterprise Systems Connection (Architecture) (IBM) 

ESD Electronic Software Distribution 

ESD Electronic System Design 

ESD Electrostatic Discharge 

ESD Emergency Shutdown Device 

ESD Emergency Startup Disk 

ESD Entry Systems Division 

ESDA Electronic System Design Automation 

ESDC Extra Segment Descriptor Cache 

ESDI Enhanced Small/System Device Interface 

ESDP Enhanced Service Discovery Profile 

ESDRAM Enhanced Synchronous Dynamic RAM 

ESE Ethernet Switching Engine 

ESE Expert System Environment 

ESE Extensible Storage Engine 

ESF Eureka Software Factory 

ESF Extended Superframe Format 

ESG Earth System Grid

249 

ESH End System Hello PDU 

ESHG Elektrische Systemtechnik für Heim und Gebäude 

ESI Electrostatic Interference 

ESI End System Identifier 

ESI Enhanced Serial Interface 

ESI European Software Institute 

ESI External Systems Interface 

ESIG European SMDS Interest Group 

ESIS End System to Intermediate System Protocol (OSI) 

ESM Enterprise Security Manager 

ESM Ethernet Switching Module 

ESMR Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio 

ESMS European Satellite Multimedia Services 

ESMTP Extended Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (Internet) 

ESN Electronic Serial Number 

ESOC European Space Operation Centre 

ESOSL Endless Snorts Of Stupid Laughter (Slang) 

ESP Early Support Program 

ESP Electronic Shock/Skip Protection 

ESP Encapsulating Security Payload 

ESP Enhanced Serial Port 

ESP Enhanced Service Provider 

ESP Enterprise System Platform 

ESP Eudora Sharing Protocol 

ESP Extended Stack Pointer 

ESPRIT European Strategic Programme for Research in Information T 

ESR Equivalent Series Resistance 

ESR Event Service Routine 

ESRO Efficient Short Remote Operations 

ESS Electronic Switching System 

ESS Enterprise Storage Server (IBM) 

ESS Environmental Stress Screening 

ESS Extended Service Set 

ESSID Extended Service Set Identifier 

ESTSC Energy Science + Technology Software Center 

ESU Electrostatic Unit 

ESU Europäische Standardüberweisung (eBanking) 

ESUG European Smalltalk Users Group 

ESV Elektronikschrottverordnung 

ETA Estimated Time of Arrival


ETACS Extended Total Access Communication System 

ETANN Electrically Trainable Analog Neural Network (Intel) 

ETB End of Transmission Block 

ETC Electronic Toll Collection 

ETC Enhanced Throughput Cellular (modem protocol) 

ETD Estimated Time of Departure 

ETDD Electrical Time Division Demultiplexer/Demultiplexing 

ETDM Electrical Time Division Multiplexer/Multiplexing 

ETE Entry to Exit 

ETF Enriched Text Format 

ETFTP Enhanced Trivial File Transfer Protocol 

ETI Extended Terminal Interface 

ETIN Elektronische Transfer-Identifikations-Nummer 

ETL Extract, Transform, Load 

ETM Exchange Telephone Manager 

ETN Electronic Tandem Network 

ETNS European Telephony Numbering Space 

ETOL Evil Twin On Line (Slang) 

ETOM Electron Trapping Optical Memory 

ETOX EPROM Tunnel Oxide 

ETR Early Token Release 

ETRN Extended Turn (command) 

ETS EIB Tool Software 

ETS Electronic Tracking System 

ETS European Telecommunication Standard 

ETSA European Telecommunication Services Association 

ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute 

ETX End of Text 

EU Elektronische Unterschrift 

EU Execution Unit 

EUC End User Computing 

EUC Enhanced/Extended UNIX Code 

EUCIP European Certification of IT Professionals 

EUD Extended U-shape Cell Device 

EUDC End User Defined Character 

EUI End User Interface 

EUI Extended Unique Identifier 

EULA End User License Agreement 

EUNET European UNIX Network 

EURID European Reguistry of Internet Domain Names

251 

EUROPEN Dachverband europäischer UNIX-Anwendervereinigungen 

EUSES End Users Shaping Effective Software 

EUUG Extragalactic/European Unix User Group 

EUV Extreme Ultra Violet (Lithography) 

EV Etagenverteiler 

EV European Videotelephony 

EV Extended Validation 

EVA Eingabe, Verarbeitung, Ausgabe 

EVA Elektronische Fahrplan- und Verkehrsauskunft 

EVA Elektronischer Verkehrslotse für Autofahrer 

EVA Elektronisches Volltext-Archiv, Karlsruhe 

EVA Empfangs- und Verteilanlage 

EVA Enhanced Video Adapter 

EVAS EDV-gestütztes Vereins-Administrations-System 

EVD Enhanced Versatile Disc 

EVE European Video Telephony 

EVE Exklusiver Verzeichnis-Eintrag (Datex-J) 

EVGA Extended Video Graphics Array/Adapter 

EVL Electronic Visualization Laboratory, Chicago 

EVM Embedded Virtual Machine 

EVMS Enterprise Volume Management System 

EVN Einzelverbindungsnachweis 

EVO Elektro-Schrott-Verordnung 

EVP Enhanced Virus Protection 

EVR Enhanced Video Renderer 

EVS Event Service (OSF) 

EVU Elektrizitäts-/Energieversorgungsunternehmen 

EWOS European Workshop on Open Systems (OSI) 

EWS Employee Written Software (IBM) 

EWSD Elektronisches Wählsystem, digital 

EWSM Elektronisches Wählsystem für MANs 

EWSP Elektronisches Wählsystem für Paketvermittlung 

EWTS Enterprise Web Training System 

EXAPT Extended Subset of APT 

EXCA Exchangeable Card Architecture 

EXCH Exchange 

EXFCB Extended File Control Block 

EXIF Exchangeable Image File Format 

EXM Enterprise Messaging Exchange 

EXP Exponent


EXT External 

EXTRN External Reference 

EXUG European X User Group 

EZV Elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr 

F Federation, Fernmelde-, Field, File, Francais, Funk 

F!FF Forum Informatiker für Frieden und gesellschaftliche Verantwortu 

F2F Face to Face (Slang) 

FA Fernmeldeamt 

FA For Auction (Slang) 

FA Front End Application 

FA Full Adder, Fermeldeamt, Fernamt 

FAB (Chip) Fabrication Plant 

FABS Fast Access Btree Structure 

FAC Fast Access Channel 

FAC File Access Code 

FAC Final Assembly Code 

FACCH Fast Associated Control Channel 

FACL Full Access Control List 

FACS Fibronics Advanced Cabling System 

FACS Firmware ACPI Control Structure 

FACT Federation Automatic Coding Technologies 

FADA File Access Data Unit 

FADC Fast/Flash Analog to Digital Converter 

FADT Fixed ACPI Description Table 

FAE Field Apllications Engineer 

FAF File Attribute File 

FAFWOA For A Friend Without Access (Slang) 

FAG Fernmeldeanlagengesetz 

FAI Fournisseurs d’Acces Internet 

FAI Fully Automatic Installation 

FAID Flash Authority Identification Data 

FAL File Access Listener 

FAM File Alteration Monitor 

FAMOS Floating Gate Avalanche MOS 

FAN Family Area Network 

FAP File Access Protocol 

FAPI Family Application Program Interface 

FAPL Format and Protocol Language

253 

FAQ Frequently Asked Questions (Netnews) 

FAQ Fragen, Antworten, Quellen der Erleuchtung (Netnews) 

FAQ Foire Aux Questions (Netnews) 

FAQL FAQ List 

FAR False Acceptance Rate 

FARE Film Automatic Retouching and Enhancement 

FARNET Federation of American Research Networks 

FAS Fahrassistenzsystem 

FAS Frame Alignment Signal 

FASC Future of the Amateur Service Committee 

FASIC Function- and Algorithm-Specific Integrated Circuit 

FAST Fast Access Stationary Tape Guide Transport 

FAT File Allocation Table 

FAXT Far End Crosstalk 

FAXTAM Fax and Telephone Answering Machine 

FB Fiber Backbone 

FB Fine Business (Slang) 

FB Fully Buffered 

FBAS Farb-Bild-Austast-Synchronsignal (RGB-Signal) 

FBD Fully Buffered DIMM 

FBE Free Buffer Enquiry (Arcnet) 

FBIS Foreign Broadcast Information Service 

FBLINU Forum für blinde und sehbehinderte Internetnutzer 

FBO Frame Buffer Object 

FBPP Federal Biometric Protection Profile 

FBRM Fractional Bit Rate Modulation 

FBS Fernbedienungs- und Steuerungssystem 

FC Federal Criteria 

FC Fibre Channel 

FC File Catalogue 

FC Flip Chip 

FC Flow Control 

FC Forward Checking 

FC Frame Control 

FCA Fibre Channel Association 

FC-AL Fiber Channel Arbitrated Loop 

FCB File Control Block 

FCB Future Communications Bus 

FCC Federal Communications Commission, USA 

FCC File Carbon Copy


FCCH Frequency Correction Channel 

FCCSET Federal Coordination Committee on Science, Engineering and Tech 

FCD Final Committee Draft 

FCD Floating Car Data 

FCD Foundation for Communication for the Disabled 

FCFS First Come First Served 

FCI flux changes per inch 

FCIA Fibre Channel Industry Association 

FCIF Full Common Intermediate Format 

FCL FORTRAN Command Language 

FCLC Fibre Channel Loop Community 

FCP Fibre Channel Protocol 

FCPGA Flip Chip Pin Grid Array 

FCRAM Fast Cycle (Dynamic) Random Access Memory 

FCS Fibre Channel Standard 

FCS First Customer Shipment 

FCS Frame Check Sequence 

FCSI Fiber Channel Systems Initiative 

FCT Fast CMOS Technology 

FCT Firewall Configuration Tool 

FCVC Flow Controlled Virtual Channel 

FD Finite Domain 

FD Floppy Disk 

FD Full Duplex 

FDB Fluid Dynamic Bearing 

FDC Final Committee Draft 

FDC Floppy Disk Controller 

FDCC Formal Definitions of Cultural Conventions 

FDD Feature Driven Development 

FDD Floppy Disk Drive 

FDDI Fiber Digital/Distributed Data Interface 

FDDI TP-PMDFDDI Twisted Pair Physical Layer Medium Dependent 

FDDI/UTP FDDI Unshielded Twisted Pair 

FDDT FDDI Full Duplex Technology 

FDE Full Disc Encryption 

FDE Full Duplex Ethernet 

FDES Full Duplex EtherSwitch 

FDF Forms Data Format 

FDFDDI Full Duplex FDDI 

FDFS File Descriptor File System

FDI Flash Data Integrator 

FDISK Fixed Disk 

FDL Factory Data Link 

FDL File Definition Language 

FDL (GNU) Free Documentation License 

FDM Flight Dynamic Model 

FDM Frequency Division Multiplexer/Multiplexing 

FDMA Frequency Division Multiple/Multiplex Access 

FDOCA Formatted Data Object Content Architecture 

FDP Form Description Program 

FDR Frame Drop Rate 

FDSE Full Duplex Switched Ethernet 

FDSL Fixed Directory Subscriber List 

FDSL Flexible Digital Subscriber Line 

FDT Formal Description Technique 

FDX Full Duplex (transmission) 

FE Finite Elemente 

FE Focus Error 

FE Format Effektor 

FE Frame/Framing Error 

FEA Fast Ethernet Alliance 

FEA Fractal Element Antenna 

FEAL Fast Data Encipherment Algorithm 

FEBE Far End Block Error 

FEC Fast EtherChannel (Cisco) 

FEC Floating Electrode Capacitor Cell 

FEC Forward Equivalence Class 

FEC Forward Error Correction 

FEC Front End Clipping 

FECN Forward Explicit Congestion Notification 

FED Fachverband Elektronik Design e. V. 

FED Field Emission Device/Display 

FEDIS Finite Element Data Interchange Specification 

FEM Finite-Elemente-Methode 

FEP Firewall Enhancement Protocol 

FEP Front End Processor 

FEPIM Fast Ethernet Port Interface Module 

FER Frame Erasure Rate 

FERAM Ferroelectric Random Access Memory 

FERF Far End Receive Failure 

255


FEST Finite Element Simulation Technique 

FEST Framework for European Telemedicine 

FET Feldeffekt-Transistor 

FEXT Far End Crosstalk 

FF Fieldbus Foundation 

FF First Fail (Principle) 

FF Flipflop 

FF Form Feed 

FFA Free For All 

FFAPI File Format API 

FFDT FDDI Full Duplex Technology (DEC) 

FFGF File Framework Generator and Formatter 

FFI Foreign Function Interface 

FFII Förderverein für eine Freie Informationelle Infrastruktur 

FFM File-on-File Mounting File System 

FFOL FDDI Follow-On LAN 

FFR For Future Release 

FFS Fast/Flash File System 

FFS Flexibles Fertigungssystem 

FFS For Free Server 

FFSN Fast Flux Service Network 

FFT Fast Fourier Transform/Transformation 

FFT Full Frame Transfer 

FFTP Fast Food Transfer Protocol (Mampfnet) 

FG Feature Group 

FG Foreground 

FG Frame Ground 

FGA Feature Group A 

FGB Feature Group B 

FGC First Global Commerce 

FGD Feature Group D 

FGDC Federal Geographic Data Committee 

FGF Forschungsgemeinschaft Funk 

FGS Fair Group Scheduling 

FGV Fernmeldegebührenvorschriften 

FH Frame Handler 

FHS Filesystem Hierarchy Standard 

FHS For Heaven’s Sake (Slang) 

FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum 

FI Feature Interaction

257 

FI Form Interpreter 

FI Full Interchangeability 

FIAWOL Fandom Is A Way Of Life (Slang) 

FICON Fiber Connectivity 

FID File/Format/Frequency Identifier/Identification 

FIF Fachinformation in Fachhochschulen 

FIF Fractal Image Format 

FIFF Forum InformatikerInnen für den Frieden e. V. 

FIFO First In, First Out (Speicher) 

FILO First In, Last Out (Speicher) 

FIMS Forms Integration Management Standard 

FINCEN Financial Crimes Enforcement Network 

FINTS Financial Transaction Services 

FIP File Processor Buffering 

FIPR Foundation of Information Policy Research, UK 

FIPS Federal Information Processing Standard, USA 

FIQ Fast Interrupt Request 

FIR Fast Infrared Communication 

FIR Finite Impulse Response 

FIR Full Intra Request 

FIRP Federal Internetworking Requirements Panel (NIST) 

FIRST Fraunhofer-Institut für Rechnerarchitektur und Softwaretech 

FIRST Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams 

FIS Financial Information System 

FISA Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act 

FISH First In, Still Here (Slang) 

FISMA Federal Information Security Management Act, USA 

FIT Fachauschuss für Information und Telekommunikation 

FIT Failures In Time 

FIT Fingerprint Identification Technology 

FIT Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik, San 

FITB Fill In The Blank (Slang) 

FITL Fiber In The Loop 

FITNR Fixed In The Next Release (Slang) 

FITS Flexible Image Transport System 

FITUG Förderverein Informatik und Gesellschaft e. V. 

FIX Federal Information/Internet Exchange 

FIZ Fachinformationszentrum 

FK Family Key 

FKTG Fernseh- und Kinotechnische Gesellschaft


FL Fiber Link 

FLA Full Look Ahead 

FLAC Free Lossless Audio Codec 

FLAIM Flexible and Adaptable Information Manager 

FLAME Flexible Application Program Interface for Module-based Environm 

FLASK Flux Advanced Security Kernel 

FLBGA Fine Line Ball Grid Array 

FLC Ferro-electric Liquid Crystal 

FLC First Level Cache 

FLI Font Library 

FLIC FORTRAN Language for Industrial Control 

FLIT Flexowriter Interrogation Tape 

FLL Frequency Locked Loop 

FLN Family Life Network 

FLN Fuzzy Lattice Neurocomputing 

FLOF Full Level One Feature 

FLOP Floating Point Operation 

FLOPS Floating Point Operations per Second 

FLOSS Free/Libre Open Source Software 

FLP Fast Link Pulse 

FLT Fertigungsleittechnik 

FLUVIS Fluid Dynamics Visualization in a Virtual Windtunnel 

FM Facility/Fault/Function Management 

FM Frequenzmodulation, Frequency Modulation 

FMA Fault Management 

FMA Fused Multiply-Add 

FMAC Floating Point Multiply Accumulate 

FMC Fan Monitor Connector 

FMC Flexible Manufacturing Cell 

FMC Flight Management Computer 

FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave 

FMD Fluorescence Multilayer Disk 

FMD Funkmessdienst 

FME Funkmeldeempfänger 

FMEA Failure Mode and Effects Analysis 

FMH Function Management Header 

FMI Fixed Mobile Integration 

FML Forms Markup Language 

FMP Flow Management Protocol 

FMP Functional Multiprocessor/-processing

259 

FMS Facility/File/Forms Management System 

FMS Fernmeldesystem 

FMS Fieldbus Message Specification 

FMS Flexible Manufacturing System 

FMS Funkmeldesystem 

FMV Full Motion Video 

FN Fiber Node 

FNA File Name/Attribute Augmentation Facility 

FNA Formerly Known As (Slang) 

FNA Functional Needs Analysis 

FNA Functional Network Architecture 

FNC Federal Networking Council, USA 

FNL Fortran Numerical Library 

FO Fernmeldeordnung 

FO Fiber Optics 

FOAF Friend Of A Friend (Slang) 

FOC Fiber Optic Cable 

FOC Free Of Charge 

FOC Full Operational Capability 

FOD Fax On Demand 

FOD Foreign Object Damage 

FOF Factor Out Failure 

FOIA Freedom Of Information Act, USA 

FOIP Fax Over Internet Protocol 

FOIRL Fiber Optic Inter Repeater Link 

FOL First-Order Logic 

FOLDOC Free On-Line Dictionary Of Computing 

FOLED Flexible Organic Light Emitting Display 

FOMA Freedom Of Multimedia Access 

FOMAU Fiber Optic Medium Attachment Unit 

FOOBAR FTP Operation Over Big Address Records 

FORTRAN Formula Translator 

FORTWIHR Forschungsverbund für technisch-wissenschaftliches Hochleis 

FOSDEM Free and Open Source Developers’ European Meeting 

FOSI Formatting Output Specification Instance 

FOSS Free and Open Source Software 

FOSSIL Fido-Opus-Seadog Standard Interface Layer 

FOV Field Of View 

FP Fabri-Perrot (-Laser) 

FP False Positive


FP Fiber Passive 

FP Fixed Part 

FP Floating Point 

FPAD Field Programmable Address Decoder 

FPAL Field Programmable Array Logic 

FPD Flat Panel Display 

FPDP Front Panel Data Port 

FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array 

FPIC Field Programmable Interconnect Circuit 

FPK Fast Packet Keying 

FPLA Field Programmable Logic Array 

FPLD Field Programmable Logic Device 

FPLMTS Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunications System 

FPLS Field Programmable Logic Sequencer 

FPM Fast Packet Multiplexing 

FPM Fast Page Mode (DRAM) 

FPML Field Programmable Macro Logic 

FPO For Placement Only (image) 

FPODA Fixed Assignment PODA 

FPP Fast Parallel Port 

FPP Fixed Path Control 

FPP Floating Point Processor 

FPP Fraud Prevention Pool 

FPP Full Packaged Product 

FPS Fast Packet Switching 

FPS First Person Shooter 

FPS For Pay Server 

FPS Frames per Second 

FPT Force/Forced Perfect Termination 

FPU File Preparation Unit 

FPU Floating Point Unit 

FPX Flash Pix (Format) 

FQDN Fully Qualified Domain Name (Internet) 

FQHN Fully Qualified Host Name (Internet) 

FR Frame Relay 

FRAD Frame Relay Access Device 

FRAD Frame Relay Assembler/Disassembler 

FRAM Ferroelectric/Ferromagnetic Random Access Memory 

FRAP Frame Relay Access Protocol 

FRC Full Rate Channel

261 

FRC Functional Redundancy Checking 

FRCA Fast Response Cache Accelerator 

FRDS Failure Resistant Disk System 

FRE Full Regular Expression 

FREQNPAV Frequenznutzungsplanaufstellungsverordnung 

FREQNPAVBV Frequenznutzungsplanaufstellungsverordnungsbeauftragtenv 

FRF Frame Relay Forum 

FRICC Federal Research Internet Coordinating Committee 

FRISK Fri Programvare I Skolen (Norway) 

FRMR Frame Reject (frame) 

FRPI flux reversals per inch 

FRR False Rejection Rate 

FRS Family Radio Service 

FRS Frame Relay Service 

FRTS Future Request To Send 

FRU Field Replaceable Unit 

FS Field/File Separator 

FS File System 

FS Finite State 

FS Font Server 

FS Frame Status 

FS Full Screen 

FSA Finite State Automaton 

FSAA Full-Scene Anti-Aliasing 

FSAG Free Software Association Germany, Frankfurt (M) 

FSAN Full Services Access Network 

FSB Front Side Bus 

FSB Functional System Block 

FSC Fujitsu Siemens Computers 

FSCSI Fast SCSI 

FSD File System Driver 

FSE Freisprecheinrichtung 

FSF Free Software Foundation 

FSFE Free Software Foundation Europe 

FSFO Failsave Failover 

FSG Free Standards Group 

FSK Frequency Shift Keying (Modulation) 

FSL Full Shallow Learning 

FSM Finite State Machine 

FSM Free Space Map


FSM Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle Multimedia (Diensteanbieter) 

FSMO Flexible Single Master Operation 

FSN File System Navigator 

FSN Full Service Network 

FSP File Service Protocol (Internet) 

FSS Fixed Satellite Services 

FST Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle Telefonmehrwertdienste 

FSTP Fast Spanning Tree Protocol 

FSU Free Software Union 

FT Fast Track 

FT Fault Tolerant 

FT Free Term 

FT Funkentelegraphie 

FTA Final Type Approval 

FTAM File Transfer, Access and Management (OSI) 

FTASB Faster Than A Speeding Bullet (Slang) 

FTB Front To Back Algorithm 

FTBS Failed To Build from Source 

FTC Fax Transfer Centre 

FTC Federal Trade Commission, USA 

FTDS Failure Tolerant Disk System 

FTEG Gesetz über Funkanlagen und Telekommunikationsendeinrichtun 

FTL Faster Than Light (Slang) 

FTLS Formal Top Level Specification 

FTP File Transfer Protocol (Internet) 

FTP Foiled Twisted Pair 

FTPI Flux Transitions Per Inch 

FTPS File Transfer Protocol over TLS/SSL (Internet) 

FTR Failed To Return 

FTR Fast Token Ring 

FTR Fast Transient Response 

FTR Feature Test Release 

FTR File Typing Rules 

FTR For This Reason (Slang) 

FTR Forget The Rest (Slang) 

FTR Frame Transfer Repring 

FTR Full Test/Text Retrieval 

FTRT Faster Than Real Time (Slang) 

FTS Fahrerlose Transportsysteme 

FTS Fidonet Transport Standard

263 

FTS File Transfer Service 

FTTB Fiber To The Basement/Building 

FTTC Fiber To The Curb 

FTTG Fiber To The Galaxy 

FTTH Fiber To The Home 

FTTL Fiber To The Loop 

FTTN Fiber To The Neighbourhood 

FTZ Fernmeldetechnisches Zentralamt 

FTZ Forschungs- und Technologie-Zentrum der DBP Telekom 

FU Functional Unit 

FUA Flow Update Acknowledge 

FUA Follow Up Amplifier 

FUBAHR Fouled Up Beyond All Hope of Recognition (Slang) 

FUBAR Fouled Up Beyond All Repair/Recognition (Slang) 

FUBB Fouled Up Beyond Belief (Slang) 

FUBS Fido Used Book Squad 

FUD Fear, Uncertainty, and Disinformation/Doubt (Slang) 

FUD Flussdiagramm (DIN 66 001) 

FUE Forschung und Entwicklung 

FUG Functional Unification Grammar 

FUI Fake User Interface 

FUI File Update Information 

FUL Forschung und Lehre 

FUNET Finnish University and Research Network 

FUNI Frame based/Relay User Network Interface 

FUP Funktionsplan (DIN 40 719) 

FURA Föreningen Umeå Radioamatörer 

FUSE Filesystem in User Space 

FUSSP Final Ultimate Solution of the Spam Problem 

FUST Funkstelle 

FÜV Fernmeldeverkehrs-Überwachungs-Verordnung 

FV Festverbindung 

FVD Finalized Versatile Disc 

FVF Flexible Vertex Format 

FVIT Fachverband Informationstechnik im ZVEI 

FVT Full Video Translation 

FVV Feste virtuelle Verbindung 

FW Firewall 

FWA Fixed Wireless Access 

FWEE Fernwirkendeinrichtung


FWEG Fernwirkendgerät 

FWH Firmware Hub 

FWI Frequently Wanted Information 

FWIW For What It’s Worth (Slang) 

FWLST Fernwirkleitstelle 

FWT Fast Wavelet Transform 

FX File Express 

FX Foreign Exchange (Service) 

FXO Foreign Exchange Office 

FXP File Exchange Protocol (RFC 959) 

FXS Foreign Exchange Station 

FXSR Fast FP/MMX Streaming SIMD Extensions Save/Restore 

FXU Fixed Point Unit 

FYA For Your Amusement (Slang) 

FYEO For Your Eyes Only (Slang) 

FYI For Your Information (Internet) 

FZI Forschungszentrum Informatik, Karlsruhe 

G General, German, Global, Graphic, Ground, Group 

G2B Government To Business 

G2C Government To Citizen 

G2G Government To Government 

GA Globus Alliance 

GA Go Ahead (Slang) 

GAAS Galliumarsenid (GaAs) 

GAB Group Audio Bridging 

GABELN Group Area Brett Echo Liste Netz 

GABI General Application Binary Interface 

GABICO Ganz billiger Computer 

GAC Global Assembly Cache 

GAC Government Advisory Committee 

GACP Gateway Access Control Protocol 

GAE German Application Environment 

GAFIA Get Away From It All (Slang) 

GAG Generic Algorithms for GIMP 

GAIN German Advanced Integrated Network (IBM) 

GAK Government Access to Keys 

GAL Gate/Generic Array Logic 

GAL Get A Life (Slang)

265 

GALA Geschwindigkeitsabhängige Lautstärkeanhebung 

GAMM Gesellschaft für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik 

GAMS Generalized Algebraic Modelling System 

GAN Global/Galactic Area Network 

GAP General/Generic Access Profile 

GAP German Academic Publishers 

GARP Generic Attribute Registration Protocol 

GARP Genetic Algorithm of Rule-Set Production 

GARP Group Address Resolution Protocol 

GART Graphics Address Remapping Table 

GART Graphics Aperture Relocation Table 

GAS Gateway Access Server 

GAS GNU Assembler 

GAT Geek of All Trades (Slang) 

GAT Generic Application Template 

GAUDI Guideline Authoring and Dissemination 

GAVDP Generic Audio Video Distribution Profile 

GBB Generic Blackboard System 

GBG Geschlossene Benutzergruppe (Btx, Datex-J) 

GBIC Gigabit Interface Converter 

GBIF Global Biodiversity Information Facility 

GBJ Graph Based Backjumping 

GBN Global Business Network 

GC Game Computer 

GC Garbage Collection 

GC Global Catalogue 

GC Grid Computing 

GCA Graphic Communications Association, USA 

GCAD Geographical Computer Aided Design System 

GCC Generic Conference Control 

GCC GNU C Compiler (gcc) 

GCC GNU Compiler Collection 

GCF Gatekeeper Confirmation 

GCFA GIAC Certified Forensics Analyst 

GCI General Circuit Interface 

GCL Golden Common LISP 

GCN Global Challenge Network 

GCR Gray Component Replacement 

GCR Group Coded Recording 

GCS Gauss Centre for Supercomputing


GCS Gauss Centre for Supercomputing 

GCS Geek of Computer Science (Slang) 

GCT Gate Controlled Thyristor 

GDA Gesellschaft für Digitale Archivierungstechnik 

GDA Global Data Area 

GDA Global Directory Agent 

GDB Genome Database 

GDDM Graphics Data Display Manager 

GDE Generic Decryption Engine 

GDF Geographic Data Format 

GDI Graphic Device Interface 

GDLM GFS Distributed Lock Manager 

GDMO Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects (OSI) 

GDN Government Data Network (UK) 

GDOI Group Domain Of Interpretation 

GDOS Graphics Device Operating System 

GDP Generalized Drawing Primitive 

GDPDU Grundsätze zum Datenzugriff und zur Prüfbarkeit digitaler Unter 

GDPS Geographically Dispersed Parallel Sysplex (IBM) 

GDR Global Data Router 

GDR Grinning, Ducking and Running (Slang) 

GDRVVF Grinning, Ducking and Running Very, Very Fast (Slang) 

GDS Global Directory Service 

GDT Global Descriptor Table 

GDT Grand Dictionaire Terminologique 

GDTRC Global Descriptor Table Register Cache 

GE Geek of Engineering (Slang) 

GE General Electric Company 

GE Gigabit Ethernet 

GE Graphic Escape 

GEA Gigabit Ethernet Alliance 

GEB Gödel, Escher, Bach 

GEC Green Electronics Council 

GECOS General Electric Comprehensive Operating System 

GEDA GNU Electronic Design Automation 

GEDIG German EDIF Interest Group 

GEGL Generic Graphics Library 

GEHR Good European Health Record 

GEIS General Electric Information Services 

GEM Global Enterprise Management

GEM Globally Executable MHP 

GEM Graphics Environment Manager 

GEMA Gesellschaft für musikalische Aufführungsrechte 

GEMS Global Enterprise Management of Storage 

GEN Global European Network 

GENA General Event Notification Architecture 

GEO Geostationary Earth Orbit 

GEOSAR Geostationary Search And Rescue 

GEP Good Engineering Practice 

GET Ground Elapsed Time 

GEZ Gebühreneinzugszentrale 

GFC General/Generic Flow Control 

GFC Going For Coffee (Slang) 

GFDL GNU Free Documentation License 

GFG Ganz Freches Grinsen (Slang) 

GFG Gift From God (Slang) 

GFR Guaranteed Frame Rate 

GFS Global/Google File System 

GFSK Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying 

GFY Good For You (Slang) 

GFY Go Find Yourself (Slang) 

GG Gadu-Gadu 

GGF Global Grid Forum 

GGI General/Generic Graphical/Graphics Interface 

GGP Gateway to Gateway Protocol 

GGS Gütegemeinschaft Software e. V., Köln 

GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node 

GHC Glasgow Haskell Compiler 

GHF Grosshandels-Flatrate 

GHN Get Hold Next 

GHT Geographic Hash Table 

GHU Get Hold Unique 

GI Gesellschaft für Informatik e. V. 

GIAC Global Information Assurance Certification 

GIBN Global Interoperability for Broadband Networks 

GID Group Identifier/Identification 

GIF Graphics Interchange Format 

GIFT GNU Image Finding Tool 

GIGO Garbage In, Garbage/Gospel Out (Slang) 

GII Global Information Infrastructure 

267


GIIS Grid Index Information Service 

GILC Global Internet Liberty Campaign 

GILS Government Information Locator Service 

GILT Globalization, Internationalization, Localization, Translation 

GIMP GNU Image Manipulation Program 

GIMPS Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search 

GIOP General Inter-ORB Protocol 

GIP Global Internet Project 

GIP GPS/GSM Interworking Profile 

GIPS Giga-Instructions Per Second 

GIS Geographic Information System 

GISC Generic Intelligent System Controller 

GIT GNU Interactive Tools 

GIWIST Gee I Wish I’d Said That (Slang) 

GIX Global Internet Exchange 

GK Gatekeeper 

GKMP Group Key Management Protocol 

GKS Graphical Kernel System 

GKV Geschäftskundenvertrieb (Telekom) 

GL Graphics Language 

GLASS Globally Accessible Services 

GLDV Gesellschaft für Linguistische Datenverarbeitung 

GLIN Global Legal Information Network 

GLL Geographic Position - Latidtude/Longitude (message) 

GLONASS Global Navigation Satellite System 

GLP Government License Program 

GLT Gebäudeleittechnik 

GLU General Logic Unit 

GLUE Global User Environment 

GLV Global Line Vectorization 

GLX OpenGL Extension for the X Window System 

GM General MIDI 

GMC Global Motion Compensation 

GMD Gesellschaft für Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung 

GMDS Global Managed Data Services 

GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System 

GME Gesellschaft Mikroelektronik im VDE 

GMHS Global Message Handling System 

GMII Gigabit Media Independent Interface 

GML Generalized/Geographic Markup Language

269 

GMM Gamut Map Model 

GMMP Global Memory, Message Passing 

GMP GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library 

GMPLS Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching 

GMR Giant Magneto Resistance/Resistive (Head) 

GMRP GARP Multicast Registration Protocol 

GMS Global Messaging Service (Novell) 

GMSC Gateway Mobile Switching Centre 

GMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (Modulation) 

GMSV Global Memory, Shared Variables 

GMT Generic Mapping Tools 

GMT Greenwich Mean/Meridian Time 

GMX Global Message Exchange 

GN Group Ad-hoc Network Point 

GNA Globewide Network Academy 

GNATS GNATS’s A Tracking System 

GND Ground 

GNF Greibach Normal Form 

GNI Gesellschaft für Angewandte Neuroinformatik 

GNI Grenoble Network Initiative 

GNKSA Good Net-Keeping Seal of Approval 

GNN Global Network Navigator 

GNOME GNU Network Object Model Environment 

GNS Global Name Service 

GNS Global Name Space 

GNS Global Navigation Satellite/System 

GNS Global Network Security/Services/Simulation/Solutions 

GNS GPS Navigation Systems 

GNS Grid Network Service 

GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System 

GNU GNU’s Not UNIX 

GO Geek of Other 

GOB Group Of Blocks 

GOBS Grundsätze ordnungsgemässer DV-gestützter Buchführungssy 

GOC General Operators Certificate 

GOCC Government Open Code Collaborative 

GOD Global Out Dial 

GOEP Generic Object Exchange Profile 

GOES Geostationary/Geosynchronous Operational/Orbiting Environm 

GOK God Only Knows (Slang)


GOL Game Of Life 

GOMS Goal, Operators, Methods, Selection 

GOP Group Of Pictures 

GOS Global Overseas Service 

GOS Grundsätze ordnungsgemässer Speicherbuchführung 

GOSIP Government OSI Profile 

GOSPL Generalized Open Source Programmable Logic 

GOST Gosudarstvennyy Standart (EASC) 

GOT Global Offset Table 

GOUV Grizzled Old Unix Veteran (Slang) 

GOV Government; Internet-Domain: Behörden in USA 

GP Game Port 

GP Gas Plasma 

GP General Purpose 

GP Green Pages 

GPA GNU Privacy Assistant 

GPA Ground Plane Antenna 

GPC General Purpose Computer 

GPF General Protection Fault/Failure 

GPFS General Parallel File System (IBM) 

GPGPU General Purpose Computation on Graphics Processing Unit 

GPI General Purpose Interface 

GPI Graphics Programming Interface 

GPIB General Purpose Interface Bus 

GPIM Gigabit Interface Module 

GPL General Public License (GNU) 

GPL Graphics Programming Language 

GPNV General Purpose Non-Volatile (Area) 

GPON Gigabit Passive Optical Network 

GPP Generic Packetized Protocol 

GPR Global Position Receiver 

GPRS General Packet Radio Service 

GPS General Problem Solver 

GPS Generalized Processor Sharing 

GPS Global Pizza Service 

GPS Global Positioning Satellite/System 

GPS Graphical Process Statistics 

GPSR Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing 

GPSS General Purpose Simulation System 

GPT GUID Partition Table

271 

GPU Graphic/Graphical Processing/Processor Unit 

GQL Graphical Query Language 

GQM Goal, Question, Metric 

GQOS Guaranteed Quality Of Service 

GRA Group Random Access 

GRACCE Grand Challenge Computational Environment 

GRAM Globus Resource Allocation Manager 

GRASP General Robotics, Automation, Sensing and Perception 

GRD Grinning, Running + Ducking (Slang) 

GRE Generic Router/Routing Encapsulation (CISCO) 

GRE Graphics Engine 

GREAT Graphical Environment And Desktop 

GREP Global Regular Expression and Print 

GRIB Gridded Binary (code, data format) 

GRID Global Resource Identifier 

GRIO Guaranteed Input Output Bandwidth 

GRIS Grid Resource Information Service 

GRJ Gatekeeper Reject 

GRL Global Revocation List 

GRP General Registration Protocol 

GRQ Gatekeeper Request 

GRS Generic Record Syntax 

GRUB Grand Unified Bootloader 

GS Geek of Science 

GS Geprüfte Sicherheit (TÜV) 

GS Global Store 

GS Group Separator 

GSA Global Mobile Suppliers Association 

GSA Global Security Architecture 

GSE Graphical Setup Environment 

GSF Ghostscript Font 

GSFDL GNU Simpler Free Documentation License 

GSI Generic Software Interface 

GSI Grid Security Infrastructure 

GSID Global Server Identifier 

GSL GNU Scientific Library 

GSL Graphics Subroutine Library 

GSLB Global Server Load Balancing 

GSM Global Shared Memory 

GSM Global System for Mobile Communications


GSM Group Speciale Mobile 

GSMA Global Scheduling Multiple Access 

GSMP General/Generic/Global Switch Management Protocol 

GSNW Gateway Services for Netware 

GSO Generic Segmentation Offload 

GSO Geosynchronous Orbit 

GSOC German Space Operations Center 

GSR Gigabit Switching Router 

GSS Generic Security Services 

GSS Group Support System 

GSSAPI Generic Security Service Application Program Interface 

GST Gebäudesystemtechnik 

GST Greedy String Tiling (Algorithm) 

GST Greenwich Sidereal Time 

GSTN General/Global Switched Telephone Network 

GSUG German Smalltalk Users Group 

GSX Graphics System Extension 

GT Global Teach 

GT Globus Toolkit 

GT Group Technology 

GTE Geometry Transfer Engine 

GTF General Timing Formula (VESA) 

GTL Gunning Transceiver Logic 

GTLD Generic Top Level Domain 

GTO Gate Turn Off 

GTP Go Text Protocol 

GTR Grafikfähiger Taschenrechner 

GTS Global Telecommunication System 

GTS Global Time Server/Service 

GTT Global Title Translation 

GTUBE Generic Test for Unsolicited Bulk Email 

GU Gabelumschalter 

GU Geek Undecided 

GUD Grand Unified Debugger 

GUI Graphical User Interface 

GUID Globally Unique Identifier 

GUL Groupe d’Utilisateurs de Linux 

GULM Global Universal Lock Manager 

GULM Grand Unified Lock Manager 

GULP Graph Unification Logic Programming

273 

GUMM Gurus of UNIX Meeting of Minds 

GUN Gemeinschaft der UNIX-Anwender Niederrhein 

GUP Generic Ultimate Protocol 

GURN GNSS Upper Rhine Graben Network 

GUS Ground Uplink System 

GUS Guide to the Use of Standards (OSI) 

GUUG German/Galactic Unix User Group 

GV Gebäudeverteiler 

GV Gestattungsvertrag 

GVBD Götz-von-Berlichingen-Dämon (Internet) 

GVH Gesamtverzeichnis deutschsprachiger Hochschulschriften 

GVIF Gigabit Video Interface 

GVM Grafik, Visualisierung, Mediadienste 

GVN Global Value Numbering 

GVPN Global Virtual Private Network 

GVRP GARP VLAN Registration Protocol 

GVT Global Virtual Time 

GVU Gesellschaft zur Verfolgung von Urheberrechtsverletzungen 

GVU Graphics Visualization and Usability 

GVV Gewählte virtuelle Verbindung 

GW Gateway 

GW Gleichwelle 

GW Grenzwelle 

GWDG Gesellschaft für Wissenschaftliche Datenverarbeitung Götting 

GWEN Ground Wave Emergency Network 

GWIA Groupwise Internet Agent 

GWIN Gigabyte Wissenschafts-Netz, G-WIN 

GWL Gateway Link 

GWM Generic Window Manager 

GYM Google, Yahoo, Microsoft 

GZS Gesellschaft für Zahlungssysteme 

H Hardware, High, Home 

H4P High-Performance Parallel Processor Project 

HA Halbaddierer 

HA Half Adder 

HA High Availability/Aperture 

HA Home Agent/Appliances 

HAAPI Human Authentication Application Program Interface


HAARP High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program/Project 

HAB Host Adapter Board 

HAC Hierarchical Arc Consistency 

HAC High Availability Cluster 

HACMP High Availability Cluster Management Protocol 

HACMP High Availability Cluster Multi-Processing (IBM) 

HACS Hazard Assessment Computer System 

HADA High Availability Disk Array 

HAK Hugs And Kisses (Slang) 

HAL Hard Array Logic 

HAL Hardware Abstraction Layer 

HAL Heuristically programmed Algorithmic Computer 

HAL House Programmed Array Logic 

HAM Hypertext Abstract Machine 

HAND Have A Nice Day (Slang) 

HANFS Highly Available Network File System 

HAP Host Access Protocol 

HAREC Harmonized Amateur Radio Examination Certificate 

HAS Hauptanschluss 

HASP Houston Automatic Spooling Package/Priority 

HB Home Banking 

HBA Host Bus Adapter 

HBC Home Banking Computer 

HBCDC High Bandwidth Cellular Data Channel 

HBCI Home Banking Computer Interface 

HBES Home and Building Electronic Systems 

HBO Host Byte Order 

HBS Home Bus System 

HCA Heartbeat Collision Avoidance 

HCA Host Channel Adapter 

HCCSM High Performance Common Channel Signalling Modul 

HCD Host Controller Device/Driver 

HCF Halt and Catch Fire (Slang) 

HCF Hybrid Distribution Function 

HCI Host Controller Interface (USB, Firewire, Bluetooth etc.) 

HCI Human Computer Interaction/Interface 

HCLP Hierarchical Constraint Logic Programming 

HCMOS High Speed CMOS 

HCN Hierarchical Cache Network 

HCP Hardware Control Protocol

275 

HCP Host Configuration Protocol 

HCRP Hardcopy Replacement Profile 

HCS Header Check Sequence 

HCT Hardware Compatibility Test 

HCT Home Communication Terminal 

HCVQ Hierarchical Classified Vector Quantization 

HD Hard Disk 

HD Heavy Duty 

HD High Definition/Density 

HD Hilfskanal Datenleitung 

HDA Head and Disk Assembly 

HDA High Definition Audio 

HDAP High Definition Audio Performance 

HDAP Home Digital Audio Platform 

HDB High Density Bipolar (code) 

HDB HoneyDanBer (P. Honeyman, D. A. Nowitz, B. E. Redman) (uu 

HDB3 High Density Bipolar Code of Order 3 

HDC Hard Disk Controller 

HDC Hash Distributed Caching 

HDCD High Definition Compatible Digital 

HDCD High Density Compact Disk 

HDCP High Bandwidth Digital Content Protection 

HDCP High Definition Content Protection 

HDD Hard Disk Drive, High Definition Display 

HDDVD High Density Digital Versatile Disc 

HDF HDSL Dual Framer 

HDF Hierarchical Data Format 

HDI Head to Disk Interference 

HDL Hierarchical Design Language 

HDLC High Level Data Link Control (Protocol) 

HDM Hardware Device Module 

HDMI High Definition Multimedia Interface 

HDML Handheld Device Markup Language 

HDN Hochgeschwindigkeits-Datennetz 

HDOP Horizontal Dilution Of Precison 

HDPLD High Density Programmable Logic Device 

HDR HDSL Dual Regenerator 

HDR Header 

HDR High Dynamic Range 

HDRI High Dynamic Range Imaging


HDRR High Dynamic Range Rendering 

HDS High Definition System 

HDSC High Density Signal Carrier 

HDSL High Bit/Data Rate/Speed Digital Subscriber Line/Link/Loop 

HDT High Definition Telephony 

HDTV High Definition Television 

HDW Hardware 

HDX Half Duplex 

HE Head End 

HE High Efficiency 

HE Höheneinheit (in Racks) 

HEA Health/Higher Education Authority 

HEAAC High Efficiency Advanced Audio Coder/Coding 

HEAT Helpdesk Expert Automation Tool 

HEC Header Error Check/Control 

HECTOR Heterogeneous Computer Together 

HEHO Head End Hop Off 

HEL Hardware Emulation Layer 

HEM Home, Entertainment, Multimedia 

HEMP High-level Entity Management Protocol (Internet) 

HEMS High-level Entity Management System (Internet) 

HEMT High Electron Mobility Transistor 

HEN Home Entertainment Network 

HENSA Higher Education National Software Archive 

HEO Highly Elliptical Orbit 

HEP Heterogenous Element/multi Processor 

HEPNET High Energy Physics Network 

HERF High Energy Radio Frequency 

HERT HERT/Hackers’ Emergency Response Team 

HES Home Electronic System (Siemens) 

HESSLA Hacktivismo Enhanced-Source Software License Agreement 

HEX hexadezimal 

HF High Frequency/Functionality 

HF Hochfrequenz 

HFC Hybrid Fiber Coax (Network) 

HFD Hauptanschluss für Direktwahl/Direktruf 

HFD Hot Fix Device 

HFEP Host Front End Protocol 

HFM High Frequency Mode 

HFP Hands Free Profile

277 

HFRG Gesetz über den Betrieb von Hochfrequenzgeräten 

HFS Hierarchical File System 

HFT High Function Terminal 

HFT Hochschule für Technik, Stuttgart 

HGA Head Gimbal Assembly 

HGA Hercules Graphics Adapter 

HGA High Gain Antenna 

HGC Hercules Graphics Card/Controller 

HGML Hyper Graphics Markup Language 

HGZH Hoffe Geholfen Zu Haben (Slang) 

HHI Heinrich-Hertz-Institut, Berlin 

HHOK Ha Ha Only Kidding (Slang) 

HHOS Ha Ha Only Serious (Slang) 

HI Handover Interface 

HID Human Interface Device (Profile) 

HIDS Host-based/Hybrid Intrusion Detection System 

HIFD High Density Floppy Disk 

HIFI Hypertext Interface For Information 

HIL Hardware In the Loop 

HIL Human Interface Link (HP) 

HILI High Level Interface 

HINFO Host Information (Record) 

HIPAA Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, USA 

HIPER High Performance European Radio 

HIPPI High Performance Parallel Interface 

HIPS Host Intrusion Prevention System 

HIS House Information System 

HISA Health Informatics Service Architecture 

HISA Healthcare Information System Architecture 

HK Host Key 

HKSCS Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set 

HL Halbleiter 

HL Hop Level (Flow Control) 

HLCO High Low Close Open 

HLDS Hitachi LG Data Storage 

HLL High Level Language 

HLLAPI HLL Application Program Interface 

HLM Heterogeneous LAN Management 

HLQ High Level Qualifier 

HLR Home Location Register


HLRN Höchstleistungsrechenzentrum Nord 

HLRN Norddeutscher Verbund für Hoch- und Höchstleistungsrechnen 

HLRS Höchstleistungsrechenzentrum Stuttgart 

HLRZ Hochleistungsrechenzentrum 

HLS Hue, Lightness/Luminance, Saturation (Farbmodell) 

HLT Halt 

HM Hilfskanal Meldeleitung 

HMA High Memory Area 

HMA Hub Management Architecture 

HMAC (keyed) Hash Message Authentication Code 

HMC Hardware Management Console 

HMC Her/His Majesty’s Computer (Fun) 

HMD Head/Helmet Mounted Display 

HMI Horizontal Motion Index 

HMI Human Machine Interface 

HMMP Hypermedia Management Protocol 

HMMS Hypermedia Management Scheme 

HMOS High Density Metal Oxide Semiconductor 

HMOS High Speed Metal Oxide Semiconductor 

HMP Heterogeneous Multi-Processing 

HMP Host Monitoring Protocol 

HMUX Hybrid Multiplexer 

HOB Head Of Bus 

HOB Hierarchical Operational Binding 

HOH HDSL Overhead Bit Handling 

HOL Higher Order Logic 

HON Health On the Net 

HOP Homecast Open Protocol 

HOPTE High Order Path Terminating Equipment 

HOS Health Online Service 

HOW Hand Over Word 

HP Hewlett-Packard 

HP Hochpass 

HP Home Page 

HPA Host Protected Area 

HPB Half Power Bandwidth 

HPC Handheld Personal Computer 

HPC Health Professional Card 

HPC High Performance Cluster/Computing 

HPCA High Performance Computing Act

279 

HPCC High Performance Computing Challenge 

HPCC High Performance Computing and Communications 

HPCI High Performance Computing Initiative 

HPCRC High Performance Computing Research Center 

HPCS High Performance Communication Server 

HPDPS Hewlett-Packard Distributed Print System 

HPDS High Performance Data System 

HPET High Precision Event Timer 

HPF High Performance FORTRAN 

HPFL Hewlett-Packard Fiber Optic Link 

HPFS High Performance File System (OS/2) 

HPGL Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language 

HPI Host Port Interface 

HPIB Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus 

HPL Home Product Link 

HPLIP Hewlett-Packard Linux Imaging and Printing 

HPM Hardware Performance Monitor 

HPM Hyper Page Mode 

HPOFS High Performance Optical File System 

HPPA Hewlett-Packard Precision Architecture 

HPPI High Performance Parallel Interface 

HPPS Hewlett-Packard Payment Scheme 

HPQ Hewlett-Packard Compaq 

HPR High Performance Routing 

HPSB High Performance Serial Bus (FireWire) 

HPSC High Performance Scientific Computing 

HPSL Hewlett-Packard Support Line 

HPSN High Performance Scalable Networking 

HPSS High Performance Storage System 

HPTC3 High Prformance Technical Computing Competence Center 

HQ High Quality 

HR High Reflection (Display) 

HR High Resolution 

HRC Half Rate Channel 

HRC Hybrid Ring Control 

HRG High Resolution Graphics 

HRIS Human Resource Information System 

HRM Hopwise Reliable Multicast 

HRMS Human Resource Management System 

HRN Heterogenes Rechnernetz


HRNG Hardware Random Number Generator 

HRRN Highest Response Ratio Next 

HRS Hotel Reservation Service 

HRT High Resolution Telemetry 

HRTF Head Related Transfer Function 

HRZ Hochschul-Rechenzentrum 

HS High Speed 

HS Hilfskanal Steuerleitung 

HSB Hue, Saturation, Brightness 

HSC High Speed Channel/Connect 

HSCC Home-based Server-less Cooperative Caching 

HSCSD High Speed Circuit Switched Data 

HSD High Speed Data 

HSDN High Speed Data Network 

HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access 

HSDT High Speed Data Transport 

HSI Hardware-Software-Interface 

HSI Hayes Synchronous Interface 

HSI Hue, Saturation, Intensity 

HSIK How Should I Know (Slang) 

HSIM High Speed Interface Module 

HSL Hierarchical Specific Language 

HSLAN High Speed Local Area Network 

HSLFX Hierarchical Specification Language - Function Extension 

HSM Herzschrittmacher 

HSM Hierarchical Storage Management/Manager 

HSMD High Speed Mobile Data 

HSO Hilfe zur Selbsthilfe für Online-Süchtige e. V. 

HSP Headset Profile 

HSP High Speed Peering 

HSP High Speed Printer/Processor 

HSP High Speed Publishing 

HSPA High Speed Packet Access 

HSPI High Speed Parallel Interface 

HSPS High Speed Peripheral Shelf 

HSRP Hot Standby Router Protocol (Cisco) 

HSSDC High Speed Serial Data Connection/Connector 

HSSG High Speed Study Group 

HSSI High Speed Serial Interface 

HST High Speed Technology/Telegraphy

281 

HSTR High Speed Token Ring 

HSUPA High Speed Uplink Packet Access 

HSV Hue, Saturation, Value (Farbmodell) 

HSYNC Horizontal Synchronization (signal) 

HT High Tension 

HT Horizontal Tabulator 

HT Hyper Threading 

HTA High Temperature Alarm 

HTB Hierarchical Token Bucket 

HTC High Throughput Cluster 

HTCC High Temperature Cofired Ceramic 

HTCP Hyper Text Caching Protocol 

HTFS High Throughput File System 

HTH Hope This/That Helps (Slang) 

HTML Hypertext Markup Language 

HTMPL Hypertext Markup with Perl Language 

HTPC Home Theatre Personal Computer 

HTSI Host Transport Service Interface 

HTT Hyper-Threading Technology 

HTTP Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol (Internet) 

HTTPS Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol Secure/Security/over TLS/SSL (I 

HTX HTML Extensions 

HUC Handheld and Ubiquitous Computing 

HUD Heads Up Display 

HUGO Holland Users Group for OS/2 

HV High Voltage 

HVC Hue (Farbton), Value (Helligkeit), Chroma (Buntheit) 

HVD High Voltage Differential (SCSI) 

HVD Holographic Versatile Disc 

HVM Hardware Virtual Machine 

HVP Horizontal + Vertical Position 

HVT Hauptverteiler 

HVV Hyperlink Vector Voting 

HW Hardware 

HWANS Hinweisansage 

HWCP Hardware Code Page 

HWID Hardware Identifier 

HWMP Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol 

HWS Ham/Haskell Web Server 

HWS Hybrid Wireless Satellite


HYTEA Hypertext Authoring Environment 

I Ident, Indicator, Information, Integrated, International, Internet 

I18N Internationalization 

I2O Intelligent Input/Output 

I3 IMA Interoperability Initiative 

I4DL Interface, Inheritance, Implementation, Installation Definition Lan 

IA Identification & Authentication, I&A 

IA Information Appliance 

IA Intelligent Applications 

IA International Alphabet 

IA Interworking Implementation Agreement 

IAA Intel Application Accelerator 

IAAS Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, Berlin 

IAB Individual Address Block 

IAB International Academy of Broadcasting 

IAB Internet Activities/Architecture Board 

IAB Internet Advertising Bureau, UK 

IAC In Any Case (Slang) 

IAC Inquiry Access Code 

IAC Interapplication Communication (Apple) 

IACK Information Acknowledgement 

IACR International Association for Cryptologic Research 

IAD Integrated Access Device 

IAD Internet Addiction Disorder 

IAE In Any Event (Slang) 

IAE ISDN Anschalteinheit/Anschlusseinheit 

IAEL International Association of Entertainment Lawyers 

IAFA Internet Anonymous FTP Archive 

IAG Industry Advisory Group (Novell) 

IAHC Internet International Ad Hoc Committee 

IAI Internet Applications Integration 

IAL Intel Architecture Labs 

IAL International Algebraic Language (ALGOL) 

IAM Institute of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Bern 

IAMCE ISDN Access Module Control Element 

IAMT Intel Advanced Management Technology 

IAN Integrated Access Node 

IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

283 

IANAL I Am Not A Lawyer (Slang) 

IAOG International Administrative Management Domains Operator 

IAP Internet Access Policy/Provider 

IAP ISDN Access Internetworking Profile 

IAR Institut für Automation und Robotik 

IARP International Amateur Radio Permission 

IARP Inverse Address Resolution Protocol 

IARU International Amateur Radio Union 

IAS Information Access System 

IASG Internet Addiction Support Group 

IASNET Institute for Automated Systems Network 

IASS Internet Alphaserver System Software 

IAT Import Address Table 

IATE Inter Active Terminology for Europe 

IAUG International AIX Users Group 

IAX Inter-Asterisk Exchange Protocol 

IB In Betrieb 

IB Intelligent Backtracking 

IBA Independent Broadcasting Authority 

IBA Intel Boot Agent 

IBAC In Band Adjacent Channel 

IBAN International Bank Account Number 

IBC Illinois Benedictine College (Gutenberg-Projekt) 

IBC Inadequate But Cute (Slang) 

IBC Inter Base Component 

IBC International Broadcasting Convention 

IBCN Integrated Broadband Communication Network 

IBCS1 Intel Binary Compatibility Specification Edition 1 

IBDWT Irrational Based Discrete Weighted Transform 

IBFD Interessengemeinschaft Blinder Funkamateure Deutschlands 

IBIA International Biometric Industry Association 

IBL Input Buffer Limit 

IBM International Business Machines (Big Blue) 

IBN International Booking Network 

IBO Inter Base Object 

IBOC In Band On Channel 

IBOND Intelligent Business On Demand 

IBP Institut Blaise Pascal, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Franc 

IBS Integriertes Banken-System 

IBS Intelsat Business Services


IBSS Independent Basic Service Set 

TSF Timing Synchronization Function 

IBT Internet Based Training 

IBTD I Beg To Differ (Slang) 

IBU Informationsverbund Buchhandel 

IBX Individualized Blackbox Component (Microsoft) 

IC I See (Slang) 

IC In Characters (Slang) 

IC Incoming Call 

IC Information Centre 

IC Input/Integrated Circuit 

IC Instruction Cache 

IC Interexchange Carrier 

IC Interrupt Controller 

ICA Image Component Attribute 

ICA Independent Component Analysis 

ICA Independent Computing Architecture 

ICA Intelligent Channels/Console Architecture 

ICA Intelligent Communication Adapter 

ICA Interface Connector Assembly 

ICALP International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programm 

ICAM Integrated Computer Aided Manufacturing 

ICAN Individual Customer Access Network 

ICANN Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers 

ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization 

ICAP Integrated Computer Aided Production 

ICARE International Council for Amateur Radio in Education 

ICAS Information Communication Assistance System 

ICAS Intel Communicating Applications Specifications 

ICB Interface Control Board 

ICBM Inter-continental Ballistic Messenger 

ICC Integrated Circuit Card 

ICC Intelligent Channel Controller 

ICC International Color Consortium 

ICC International Conference on Communications 

ICCB Internet Control and Configuration Board 

ICCC International Conference on Computer Communications 

ICCCM Interclient Communications Conventions Manual 

ICCE International Conference on Consumer Electronics 

ICCHP International Conference on Computers for Handicapped Persons

285 

ICCS Integrated Communications Cabling System (Siemens) 

ICD International Code Designator 

ICDE International Conference on Data Engineering 

ICE Image Correction and Enhancement 

ICE In-Circuit Emulator/Emulation 

ICE Information Content Exchange 

ICE Integrated Communication Environment 

ICE Inter Client Exchange (Protocol) 

ICF Interact Communication Facility 

ICE Internal Compiler Error 

ICE Internet Communications Engine 

ICF Internet Connection Firewall 

ICG Inversive Congruential (random number) Generator 

ICG Interface Coordination Group 

ICH I/O Contoller Hub 

ICI Inter/Interexchange Carrier Interface 

ICI Information Science Institute 

ICIA International Communications Industries Association 

ICIP ICI Protocol 

ICL Interface Clear 

ICM Image Color Management/Matching 

ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol 

ICN Information and Communication Network 

ICN Integrated Computing Network 

ICO Information Commissioner’s Office 

ICO Intermediate Circular Orbit 

ICOCBW I Could, Of Course, Be Wrong (Slang) 

ICP Input Control Procedure 

ICP Integrated Channel Processor 

ICP Interconnection Partner 

ICP Internet Cache Protocol 

ICP Internet Content Provider 

ICPC (ACM) International Collegiate Programming Contest 

ICQ I Seek You (Slang) 

ICR Information Collection Request 

ICR Initial Cell Rate 

ICR Intelligent Character Recognition 

ICRA Internet Content Rating Association 

ICS IBM Cabling System 

ICS Integrated Communication Services


ICS Internet Chess Server 

ICS Internet Connecting/Connection Sharing (Microsoft) 

ICS Intuitive Command Structure 

ICSA International Customer Service Association 

ICSTIS Independent Committee for the Supervision of Standards of Teleph 

ICT Information and Communication Technology 

ICTF Internet Content Task Force 

ICU ISA Configuration Utility 

ICU Instruction Cache Unit 

ICU International Components for Unicode 

ICV Integrity Check Value 

ICX Inter Cartridge Exchange 

ID Identification, Identifier 

ID Instruction Decode 

ID Internet Draft 

ID Intrusion Detection 

IDA Independent/Intelligent Disk/Drive Array 

IDA Interactive Debugging Aid 

IDAPI Integrated Database Application Programming Interface 

IDB Integrated Database 

IDC I Don’t Care (Slang) 

IDC International Data Corporation 

IDC Internet Database Connector 

IDC Item Description Code 

IDCT Inverse Discrete Cosine Tranform/Transformation 

IDD International Direct/Distance Dialling 

IDE Integrated Development Environment 

IDE Integrated Device/Drive Electronics 

IDE Interactive Design and Engineering 

IDE Interface Design Enhancement 

IDEA International Data Encryption Algorithm 

IDF Intel Developer Forum 

IDF Intermediate Distribution Frame 

IDF Inverse Document Frequency 

IDI Initial Domain Identifier 

IDI ISDN Driver Interface 

IDK Interessengemeinschaft Datenkommunikation 

IDL Interactive Data Language 

IDL Interface/Internet Definition Language 

IDM Identity Management

287 

IDM Improved/Integrated Data Modem 

IDM Intelligent Device Management 

IDM Internet Download Manager 

IDMS Imaging and Document Management System 

IDMS Integrated Database Management System 

IDN Identification Number 

IDN Integriertes Datennetz, Integrated Digital Network 

IDN Internationalized Domain Name 

IDP Initial Domain Part 

IDP Integrated Data Processing 

IDP Internet Datagram Protocol 

IDR Intergalactic Digital Research 

IDR Intermediate Data Rate Service 

IDRP Interdomain Routing Protocol 

IDS Integrated Data System 

IDS Intrusion Detection System 

IDSL ISDN Digital Subscriber Line 

IDST I Didn’t Say That (Slang) 

IDT Improved Definition Television 

IDT Interrupt Descriptor Table 

IDTRC Interrupt Descriptor Table Register Cache 

IDTS I Don’t Think So (Slang) 

IDTV Improved Definition Television 

IDU Interface Data Unit 

IDXP Intrusion Detection Exchange Protocol 

IE Information Element 

IEB Institute of Electronic Business, Berlin 

IEC Interexchange Carrier 

IEC International Electrotechnical Commission 

IEC International Engineering Consortium 

IECC Intercultural E-mail Classroom Connections 

IECQ IEC Quality Assessment System for Electrical Components 

IED Intelligent Electronic Device 

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 

IEEE/CS IEEE Computer Society 

IEF Information Engineering Facility 

IEMMC Internet Electronic Mail Marketing Council 

IEMP Internal Electromagnetic Pulse 

IEN Image Enabled Netware 

IEN Internet Engineering/Experiment/Experimental Note


IEPRC International Electronic Publishing Research Centre 

IES Information Exchange System 

IES Integrated Election System 

IESG Internet Engineering Steering Group 

IET Image Enhancement Technology 

IETF Internet Engineering Task Force 

IETM Interactive Electronic Technical Manual 

IEX Imaging Extensions for XWS 

IF Intermediate Frequency, Zwischenfrequenz 

IFA Internationale Funkausstellung, Berlin 

IFC Integrated Factory Control 

IFC Industry/Internet Foundation Classes 

IFD Image File Directory 

IFD Interface Device 

IFF Interessengruppe Funkamateure im Fernverkehr 

IFF Interchange File Format (Amiga) 

IFF Internet Fast Forward 

IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transformation 

IFG Incoming Fax Gateway 

IFG Informationsfreiheitsgesetz 

IFG Inter Frame Gap 

IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 

IFL Integrated Facility for Linux 

IFL Internet For Learning 

IFMP Ipsilon Flow Management Protocol 

IFPI International Federation of the Phonographic Industry 

IFRB International Frequency Registration Board 

IFS Inter Frame Space 

IFS Installable File System (OS/2) 

IFS Interchange File Separator 

IFS Internal Field Separator 

IFU Instruction Fetch Unit 

IFU Internationale Fernmeldeunion 

IFV Internationaler Fernmeldevertrag 

IFVV Internationale feste virtuelle Verbindungen 

IFW ISDN for Workgroups (Microsoft) 

IFWFW ISDN for Windows for Workgroups (Microsoft) 

IG Interactive Graphics 

IG Interessengemeinschaft, Interest Group 

IG Interior Gateway

289 

IGA Integrated Graphics Adaptor/Array 

IGBT Insulated/Insulator Gate Bipolar Transistor 

IGC Institute for Global/Galactic Communications 

IGC Integrated Graphics Controller 

IGD (Fraunhofer-)Institut für Grafische Datenverarbeitung, Darms 

IGE (Eidgenössisches) Institut für geistiges Eigentum, Bern 

IGES Initial Graphics Exchange Specification 

IGF Internet Governance Forum 

IGIS Interactive Graphics Information System 

IGITT Interactive Graphics Information Troubleshooting Technology 

IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol 

IGN IBM Global Net 

IGP Interior Gateway Protocol (Internet) 

IGRF International Geomagnetic Reference Field 

IGRP Internet/Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (Cisco) 

IGS Interchange Group Separator 

IGS Internet Go Server 

IGTF Internet Governance Task Force 

IH In House 

IHEM In-House Energy Management 

IHL Internet Header Length 

IHS Integrated Heat Spreader 

IIC Inter Integrated Circuit (Bus) 

IID Interface Identifier 

IIF Image Interchange Facility 

III Institute for Information Industry, Taiwan 

IIJ Internet Initiative Japan 

IIL Integrated Injection Logic 

IIM Identified Internet Mail 

IIM Information Interchange Model 

IIOP Internet Inter-ORB Protocol 

IIP ISDN Intermediate Interworking Profile 

IIPS Irrevocably Interruptible Power Supply 

IIR Immediate Impulse Response 

IIRC If I Remember Correctly (Slang) 

IIS Internet Information Server (Microsoft) 

IIS Internet Integrated Services 

IISP Interim Inter Signalling/Switch Protocol 

IITA Information Infrastructure Technology and Applications 

IITF Information Infrastructure Task Force, USA


IITYWYBMAD 

If I Tell You Will You Buy Me Another Drink? (Slang) 

IIWM If It Were Me/Mine (Slang) 

IJCAI International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence 

IJS Inkjet Server (HP) 

IK-CAPE Industriekooperation Computer Aided Process Engineering 

IKE Internet Key Exchange (Protocol) 

IKMP Internet Key Management Protocol 

IKOE Institut für Kommunikationsökologie, Hamburg 

IKT Informations- und Kommunikations-Technologie 

IL Idle 

IL Idle Listening 

IL Intermediate Language 

ILA Internet Learning Agent 

ILEC Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier 

ILETS International Law Enforcement Telecommunications Seminar 

ILG Initiated Linux Guru 

ILLAB Ich Liege Lachend Am Boden (Slang), vgl. ROTFL 

ILLIAC Illinois Institute for Advanced Computing 

ILLIAC Illinois Integrator + Automatic Computer 

ILM Industrial Light + Magic, Inc. (G. Lucas) 

ILMI Interim Local Management Interface 

ILP Inductive Logic Programming 

ILP Integer Linear Programming 

ILP Integer, Long, Pointer 

ILS Integrated Logistic Support 

ILT Item Level Tagging 

ILVU Interleaved Video Unit 

IM Information Management/Modeling 

IM Instant Message/Messaging/Messenger 

IM Intermodulation 

IM IPv4 Multicast 

IMA Interactive Multimedia Association 

IMA Internationale Multimedia Akademie (Karlsruhe) 

IMA Inverse Multiplexer for ATM 

IMAC Isochronous MAC (FDDI) 

IMACS International Association for Mathematics and Computers in Simu 

IMAO In My Arrogant Opinion (Slang) 

IMAP Internet Message Access Protocol 

IMBE Improved Multi-Band Excitation 

IMC Internet Mail Consortium

291 

IMCO In My Considered Opinion (Slang) 

IMDS Image Data Stream (IBM) 

IME In My Experience (Slang) 

IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identifier/Identity 

IMG Image 

IMG Information Management Group 

IMHO In My Humble Opinion (Slang) 

IMI I Mean It (Slang) 

IMI Internet MSS Interface 

IMIMG ISDN Memorandum of Understanding Implementation Manag 

IMNSCO In My Not So Considered Opinion (Slang) 

IMNSHO In My Not So Humble Opinion (Slang) 

IMO In My Opinion (Slang) 

IMO International Maritime Organization 

IMOBO In My Own Biased Opinion (Slang) 

IMP Information/Interface Message Processor 

IMP Instant Messaging Protocol 

IMP Internet Messaging Program 

IMPA Intelligent Multi-Port Adaptor 

IMPP Instant Messaging and Presence Protocol 

IMPS Infinite Monkey Protocol Suite 

IMQ Intermediate Queuing (device) 

IMR Internet Monthly Report 

IMS Information Management System 

IMS Integrated Media Service 

IMS Internet Mail Service 

IMS Intermediate Maintenance Standards 

IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem 

IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity 

IMSL International Mathematical Subroutine Library (VNI) 

IMSP Independent Manufacturers Support Program 

IMSP Internet Message Support Protocol 

IMT Information Managment Team 

IMT Inter-Machine Trunk 

IMT International Mobile Telecommunications 

IMTC International Multimedia Teleconferencing Consortium 

IN Individual Network e. V. 

IN Input 

IN Intelligentes Netz (Telekom) 

INA Institut National de l’Audiovisuel


INAK Information Negative Acknowledgement 

INAP Intelligent Network Application Part 

INARP Inverse Address Resolution Protocol 

INC In Chain 

INC Increment 

INC Internet Computer 

INCA Interleaved Native Compiled Architecture 

INET International Networking Conference 

INFN Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy 

INH Intelligent Networking Hub 

INIS International Nuclear Information System 

INKA Individual Network Region Karlsruhe 

INM Integrated Network Management 

INMARSAT International Maritime Satellite Organization 

INMS Integrated Network Management Services 

INN International Network News 

INOC Internet Network Operations Center 

INPO In No Particular Order (Slang) 

INRIA Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique 

INS Input String 

INS Instance Object 

INSB Internet Services for the Blind 

INT Interrupt, Internal, Integer, Interrogative 

INTA International Trademark Association 

INTA Interrupt Acknowledge 

INTAP Interoperability Technology Association for Information Processing 

INTELSAT International Telecommunications Satellite Organization 

INWG International/Internet Working Group 

IO Input/Output, I/O 

IOAPIC Input Output Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller 

IOAT Input Output Acceleration Technology 

IOC Initial Operational Capability 

IOC Input Output Controller 

IOCS Input/Output Control System 

IOCTL Input/Output Control 

IOD Information Object Definition 

IOD Intelligence On Demand 

IODE Issue Of Data Ephemeris 

IOE Input Output Engine 

IOFEXT Input Output Far End Crosstalk

293 

IOI Input Output Interconnect/Interface/Interrupt 

IOI Integrated Operator Interface 

IOI International Olympiad in Informatics 

IOMMU Input Output Memory Management Unit 

IONL Internal Organization of the Network Layer (OSI) 

IOP Input Output Processor 

IOP Internal Operation 

IOPL Input/Output Priviledge Level 

IOR Indian Ocean Region 

IOS Input Output Subsystem 

IOS International Organization for Standardization 

IOS Internetwork Operating System (CISCO) 

IOSGA Input/Output Support Gate Array 

IOT Inter-Office Trunk 

IOTA Islands On The Air 

IOTP Internet Open Trading Protocol 

IOW In Other Words (Slang) 

IP Image Processing 

IP Information Provider 

IP Instruction Pointer 

IP Integer Programming 

IP Intellectual Property 

IP Intelligent Peripheral 

IP Interactive Proof 

IP Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) 

IP Interrupt Process 

IPA Fraunhofer-Institut für Produktionstechnik und Automatisier 

IPA International Phonetic Alphabet 

IPAE IP Address Encapsulation 

IPARS International Passenger Airline Reservation System 

IPAVS IP-Adressen-Verwaltungs-System 

IPC Instructions Per Clock 

IPC Integrated Passive Component 

IPC Inter Personal Computer 

IPC Interprocess Communication 

IPCA Internet Parallel Computing Archive 

IPCI Industrial PCI 

IPCP Internet Protocol Control Protocol 

IPDS IBM/Intelligent Printer Data Stream 

IPES Improved Proposed Encryption Standard


IPF Information Presentation Facility 

IPG In Plane Gate Transistor 

IPG Inter Packet Gap 

IPI Image Processing and Interchange 

IPI Intelligent Peripheral Interface 

IPI International Payment Instruction 

IPIP Internet Protocol within Internet Protocol 

IPL Information Processing Language 

IPL Initial Program Loader 

IPL Interrupt Priority Level 

IPLS IP-Only LAN-Like Service 

IPM Intelligent Power Mode/Module/MOS, Interpersonal Message 

IPMI Intelligent Platform Management Interface 

IPMP Intellectual Property Management and Protection 

IPMV95 Integrated Packet Trunk Module V.95 Interface 

IPNG Internet Protocol Next Generation (IPv6) 

IPNS ISDN PBX Networking Specification 

IPOC Interim Policy Oversight Committee 

IPON Intelligent Passive Optical Network 

IPP Intel Primitive Performance (Library) 

IPP Internet Presence Provider 

IPP Internet Printing Protocol 

IPPV Impulse/Instant Pay Per View 

IPR Intellectual Property Rights 

IPRB Intellectual Property Review Board 

IPS Image Packaging System 

IPS In Plane Switching (panel) 

IPS inch per second 

IPS Internet Privacy Standard 

IPS Intrusion Prevention System 

IPSE Integrated Project Support Environment 

IPSEC Internet Protocol Security Protocol 

IPSI (Fraunhofer-Institut für) Integrierte Publikations- und Informatio 

IPT Immersive Projection Technology 

IPTC International Press Telecommunications Council 

IPTO Information Processing Techniques/Technology Office 

IPTV Internet Protocol Television 

IPU Imposition Processing Unit 

IPV4 Internet Protocol Version 4 

IPV6 Internet Protocol Version 6 (= IPng)

295 

IPVR Inst. für parallele und verteilte Höchstleistungsrechner, Stuttg 

IPW Incremental Packet Writing 

IPX Internetwork Packet Exchange (Novell) 

IPXCP Internetwork Packet Exchange Control Protocol 

IQL Interactive Query Language 

IQMS Integrated Quality Management System 

IR Information Request/Retrieval 

IR Infrared, Infrarot 

IR Intermediate Representation 

IR Internet Registry 

IRAC Indpendent Review Advisory Committee 

IRAF Image Reduction and Analysis Facility 

IRAS I Really Am Sorry (Slang) 

IRAW Idle Read After Write 

IRB Instruction Recoder Buffer 

IRB Instrumentation Request Broker 

IRC International Record Carrier 

IRC International Reply Coupon 

IRC Internet Relay Chat 

IRD Integrated Receiver Decoder (TV) 

IRD Internet Resource Directory 

IRDA Infrared Data Association 

IRDS Information Resources Dictionary System 

IRG Implicit Regeneration 

IRICE Integrated Remote Interface Control Element 

IRIG Interrange Instrumentation Group 

IRIS Infrastructure for Resilient Internet Systems 

IRIS Intelligent Reference Information System 

IRIS Interregional Information Society Initiative 

IRL In Real Life (Slang) 

IRL Inter Repeater Link 

IRLED Infrared Light Emitting Diode 

IRM Information Rights/Resource Management 

IRQ Information/Interrupt Request 

IRR Information Request Response 

IRR Internet Routing Registry 

IRS Information Retrieval System 

IRS Interchange Record Separator 

IRS Internal Revenue Service 

IRS Intrusion Response System


IRSG Internet Research Steering Group 

IRT Institut für Rundfunktechnik, München 

IRTF Internet Research Task Force 

IRV International Reference Version 

IS In Service 

IS Information Separator/Sevices/System 

IS Integrated Service 

IS Intensity Stereo 

IS Interactive Service (Telecommunication) 

IS Intermediate System 

IS International Standard (ISO) 

IS Interrupt Status 

ISA Industry Standard Architecture 

ISA Informationssystem Studienwahl und Arbeitsmarkt, Duisburg/Ess 

ISA Instruction Set Architecture 

ISA Integrated Services Architecture 

ISA Interactive Services Association 

ISA Internet Security and Acceleration (Server) 

ISAKMP Internet Security Association Key Management Protocol 

ISAM Index/Indexed Sequential Access Method 

ISAPI Internet Server API 

ISBD International Standard Bibliographic Description 

ISBN International Standard Book Number 

ISBT It’s Strange But True (Slang) 

ISC Instruction Set Computer 

ISC Internet Service Center 

ISCA International Symposium on Computer Architecture 

ISCB Interessengemeinschaft sehgeschädigter Computerbenutzer 

ISCSI Internet SCSI 

ISD Image Section Descriptor 

ISD Instructional System Design 

ISD International Standard Data Network 

ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network 

ISDN Isosorbitdinitrat 

ISDN Ist sowas denn nötig? (Slang) 

ISFET Ionensensitiver Feldeffekttransitor 

ISFT Industrial Siemens Flatpanel Technology 

ISH Information Superhighway 

ISI Information Sciences Institute of the University of Southern Califo 

ISI Information Society Index

297 

ISI Institute for Scientific Information, USA 

ISI Inter Symbol Interference 

ISI Internally Specified Index 

ISIN International Securities Identification Number 

ISIS Intermediate System to Intermediate System Protocol (OSI) 

ISIS Industrial Signature Interoperability Specification 

ISL Imperceptible Structured Light 

ISL Initial System Loader 

ISL Interactive System Language 

ISL Intersatellite Link 

ISM Industrial, Scientific, Medical (Applications) 

ISMA Internet Streaming Media Alliance 

ISMP Internet Message Support Protocol 

ISMS Information Security Management System 

ISN Internet School/Shopping Networking 

ISNS Internet Storage Naming Service 

ISO International Standardization Organization 

ISOC Internet Society 

ISODE ISO Development Environment (OSI) 

ISP Image Synthesis Processor 

ISP International Standardized Profile 

ISP Internet Service Provider 

ISP Interrupt Stack Pointer 

ISP Interrupt Status Port 

ISPBX ISDN Private Branche Exchange 

ISPF Interactive Structured Programming Facility (IBM) 

ISPI Institut für Integrierte Publikationssysteme, Darmstadt 

ISPLSI in-system-programmable LSI 

ISPO Information Society Project Office 

ISQIT Information Systems Quality Improvement Team 

ISR Information Storage and Retrieval 

ISR Intermediate Session Routing 

ISR Interrupt Service Routine 

ISRC International Standard Recording Code 

ISRN International Standard Recording Number 

ISSA Information Systems Security Association 

ISSCC International Solid State Circuits Conference 

ISSE Information Security Solutions Europe 

ISSE Internet Streaming SIMD Extension 

ISSI Individual Short Subscriber Identity


ISSN International Standard Serial Number 

ISSO Information System Security Officer 

ISSP Inter-Switch Signalling Protocol 

ISSP Internet Satellite Service Provider 

ISSS IBM Speech Server Services 

ISST (Fraunhofer-)Institut für Software- und Systemtechnik 

IST Information Society Technologies (Programme) 

IST Internet Transaction Server 

ISTF Internet Science and Technology Fair 

ISTF Internet Societal Task Force 

ISTM It Seems To Me (Slang) 

ISTO Information Science and Technology Office 

ISTPA International Security, Trust + Privacy Alliance 

ISTR I Seem To Remember (Slang) 

ISU Industry Solution Unit (IBM) 

ISUG International SGML/XML Users’ Group 

ISUP ISDN User Part 

ISUS Information Services and User Support (DFN) 

ISV Independent Software Vendor 

ISVR Intel Smart Video Recorder 

ISWIM If you See What I Mean 

ISWL International Short Wave League 

ISWYM I See What You Mean (Slang) 

IT Information Technology, Informationstechnik 

ITA Intend To Adopt (Debian) 

ITA Interface Test Adapter 

ITA Interim Type Approval 

ITA International Telegraphy Alphabet 

ITAA Information Technology Association of America 

ITAC ISDN Terminal Adapter Circuit 

ITB Information Technology Branch 

ITB Intermediate Text Block 

ITC Independent Television Commission 

ITC IntelliCAD Technology Consortium 

ITC International Telegraph Code 

ITE Informationstechnische Einrichtung 

ITE Internal Terminal Emulator 

ITF Isochronous Transfer 

ITG Informationstechnische Gesellschaft im VDE 

ITG Informationstechnische Grundausbildung

299 

ITHE International Travel Host Exchange 

ITI Interactive Terminal Interface 

ITIF Information Technology and Innovation Foundation 

ITK Informationstechnik und Telekommunikation 

ITLB Instruction TLB 

ITM Internet Transaction Mix 

ITO Indium Tin Oxide 

ITO Intend To Orphan (Debian) 

ITOT ISO Transport Service on top of TCP 

ITP Intent To Package (Debian) 

ITR Internet Talk Radio 

ITRS International Roadmap for Semiconductors 

ITS Incompatible Time-Sharing System 

ITS Institute for Telecommunication Sciences, USA 

ITS Intelligent Transport System 

ITS International Telecommunications Society 

ITS Internationalization Tag Set 

ITS (NIST) Internet Time Service 

ITSEC Information Technology Security Evaluation Criteria/Certifica 

ITSEM Information Technology Security Evaluation Manual 

ITSK IT Sicherheitskriterien (Grünbuch) 

ITSO Information Technology Security Office, Indiana University 

ITSP Internet Telephony Service Provider 

ITSTC Information Technology Steering Committee 

ITT Internet, Television, Telephone 

ITT Invitation To Transmit (Arcnet) 

ITU Intelligent Thermal Update 

ITU International Telecommunication Union 

ITUG International Telecommunications Users’ Group 

ITV Interactive Television 

ITW In The Wild 

ITX Intermediate Text Block 

IU Integer Unit 

IUG Informix User Group 

IUK Information und Kommunikation 

IUKDG Informations- und Kommunikationsdienste-Gesetz 

IUMA Internet Underground Music Archive 

IUPAP International Union of Pure and Applied Physics 

IUR International User Requirements 

IUS Interchange Unit Separator


IUTY It’s Up To You (Slang) 

IV Initialisation Vector 

IV Interessenverbund 

IVB Individuelle Verkehrsbeeinflussung 

IVBB Informationsverbund Bonn-Berlin 

IVC Inter-Vehicle Communication 

IVCA International Visual Communication Association 

IVDLAN Integrated Voice and Data Local Area Network 

IVHS Intelligent Vehicle Highway System 

IVIS Interactive Video Information System 

IVN Intervening Network 

IVNM Interessenverband Neue Medien 

IVOD Interactive Video On Demand 

IVP Installation Verification Image 

IVR Interactive Voice Recognition/Response 

IVS IBM Verkabelungssystem 

IVS Interactive Visualization System 

IVT Interrupt Vector Table 

IVV Independent Verification and Validation 

IVW Informationsgemeinschaft zur Feststellung der Verbreitung von W 

IW Information Warfare 

IWBNI It Would Be Nice If (Slang) 

IWF Impulswahlverfahren (Telefon) 

IWU Interworking Unit 

IWV Impulswahlverfahren 

IX Internet Exchange 

IXA Internet Exchange Architecture 

IXC Interexchange Carrier 

IXF Integrated Exchange Format 

IXI International X.25 Interconnect 

IXP Internet Exchange Point 

IYB In Your Basket (Slang) 

IYSWIM If You See What I Mean (Slang) 

IZT Institut für Zukunftsstudien und Technologiebewertung 

J Java, Japan, Job 

J2EE Java 2 Enterprise Edition 

J2SE Java 2 Standard Edition 

JA Jump Address

301 

JAAS Java Authentication and Authorization Service 

JAD Joint Application Design 

JAE Java Application Environment 

JAM Just A Minute (Slang) 

JAM Jyacc Application Manager 

JANET Joint Academic Network, England 

JAP Java Anon Proxy 

JAR Java Archive 

JASON Journal Articles Sent On Demand 

JAUA Just Another Useless Answer (Slang) 

JAXP Java API for XML Processing 

JBCE Japan Business Council in Europe 

JBCE JavaBean Calculation Engine 

JBD Journaling Block Device 

JBIG Joint Bilevel Image Group 

JBOD Just a Bunch Of Discs 

JCA Java Connection Architecture 

JCALS Joint Computer Aided Acquisition and Logistic Support System 

JCB Job Conrol Block 

JCC Java Competence Center 

JCE Java Cryptography Extension 

JCL Job Control Language (IBM) 

JCP Java Community Process 

JCS Job Control Statement/System 

JCT Job Control Table 

JD Julian Date/Day 

JDB Java Debugger 

JDBC Java Data Base Connectivity 

JDC Japanese Digital Cellular 

JDK Java Developers/Development Kit 

JECC Japan Electronic Computer Center 

JEDEC Joint Electronic Devices Engineering Council 

JEIDA Japan/Japanese Electronics Industry Development Association 

JES Job Entry Subsystem 

JESA Japan Engineering Standard Association 

JESSI Joint European Submicron Silicon Initiative 

JFC Java Foundation Class 

JFET Johnson/Junction Field Effect Transistor 

JFFS Journalling Flash File System 

JFIF JPEG File Interchange Format


JFS Journal/Journaled/Journalling/Java File System 

JFS Jumbo Frame Support 

JGFET Junction Gate Field Effect Transistor 

JIB Job Information Block 

JIC Just In Case (Slang) 

JICST Japan Information Center of Science and Technology 

JID Jabber Identifier 

JIF Journal Impact Factor 

JIT Just In Time (Compiler) 

JJ Josephson Junction 

JJ Just Joking (Slang) 

JMMD Jokes Make My Day (Slang) 

JMP Job Monitor Protocol 

JMS Java Messaging Service 

JMS Job Management System 

JNDI Java Naming and Directory Interface 

JNDSPI Java Naming and Directory Service Provider Interface 

JNI Java Native Interface 

JOL Job Orientation Language 

JOSS Joint Object Services Submission 

JOTA Jamboree On The Air 

JPDA Java Platform Debugging Architecture 

JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group 

JPL Java Perl Lingo 

JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, USA 

JPL Jyacc Procedural Language 

JRE Java Runtime Environment 

JRTS Java Real Time System 

JSDK Java Servlet Development Kit 

JS JavaScript 

JS Jumper Setting 

JSC Job Status code 

JSF Jabber Software Foundation 

JSGF Java Speech Grammar Format 

JSH Job control Shell 

JSM Job Stream Manager 

JSML Java Speech Markup Language 

JSNM Just Stark Naked Magic (Slang) 

JSP Jackson Structured Programming 

JSP Java Server Page/Pages

303 

JSQL Java SQL 

JSS JavaScript Style Sheet 

JSSE Java Secure Socket Extension 

JT Job Table 

JTAG Joint Test Action Group 

JTAM Job and Transfer Manipulation 

JTAP JTC1 TAG Application Portability Study Group 

JTAPI Java Telephony Application Programming Interface 

JTC Joint Technical Committee (ISO/IEC) 

JTM Job Transfer and Management/Manipulation 

JTRS Joint Tactical Radio System, USA 

JTS Java Transaction Service 

JUBL Jülicher BlueGene/L (Supercomputer) 

JUD Jabber User Directory 

JUG Java User Group 

JUGD Java User Group Deutschland 

JUGFET Junction Gate Field Effect Transistor 

JUMP Java User Migration Path 

JUNET Japan/Japanese UNIX Network 

JUST Joint Users of Siemens Telecommunications 

JV Job Variable 

JVM Java Virtual Machine 

JVNC John-von-Neumann (Super-Computer-) Center 

JVT Joint Video Team 

JWS Java Workshop 

JXTA Juxtapose (Sun) 

K Key, Kilo, Kommunikation 

K12 Kindergarten through 12th grade, K-12 

KA Kamikaze (packet) 

KA Keine Ahnung (no idea) 

KA Key Account 

KA Knowledge Access/Acquisition/Architecture 

KA Kommunikationsausrüstung 

KAD Knowledge Aided Design 

KAD Kontoauszugsdrucker 

KADB Kernel Assembly Debugger 

KADM Kerberos Administration (server) 

KADS Knowledge Analysis and Design System


KAI Kurzweil Applied Intelligence 

KALUG Karlsruhe Linux User Group 

KAM Knowledge Aided Manufacturing 

KAOS Kent Applicative Operating System 

KAP Kernel Andorra Prolog 

KAPSE Kernel Ada Program Support Environment 

KAS Kerberos Authentication Server 

KB Keyboard 

KB Kilobyte 

KB Knowledge Base 

KBE Knowledge Based Engineering 

KBPS Kilobit/byte per second 

KBS Knowledge Based System 

KC Kids’ Computer 

KCC Keyboard Communications Concentrator 

KCD Kernel Cousin Debian 

KCL Kyoto Common Lisp 

KCP Kernel Control Path 

KCS Kansas City Standard 

KD Knowledge Discovery 

KDC Key Distribution Center 

KDD Knowledge Discovery in Databases 

KDE KDE Desktop Environment 

KDF Knowledge Discovery Framework 

KDS Knowledge Discovery System 

KDS Kommunikationsdatensatz 

KDT Key Definition Table 

KE Knowledge Economy 

KEA Key Exchange Algorithm 

KED Kundenenddokumentation 

KES Key Escrow System 

KEWL Knowledge Environment for Web-based Learning 

KF Knopflerfish 

KGI Kernel Graphics Interface 

KHM Kunsthochschule für Medien, Köln 

KI Künstliche Intelligenz 

KIBO Knowledge In, Bullshit Out (Slang) 

KIK Kommunaler Info-Kanal 

KIS Kernel Information/Intrusion System 

KIS Knowbot Information Service

305 

KISS Keep It Simple/Small and Stupid/Simple 

KIT Kernel Software for Intelligent Terminals 

KJM Kommission für Jugendmedienschutz 

KK Konnektivitäts-Koordination 

KLNG Knowledge-supported Line Network Global (Vectorization) 

KLO Knowledge Level Object 

KLOC Kilo Lines Of Code 

KM Knowledge Management/Mismanagement 

KMMT Kompetenzzentrum Multimedia und Telematik, Tübingen 

KMS Key Management Server 

KMS Knowledge Management System 

KMU Kleine und Mittlere Unternehmen 

KNAS Kerberos Network Authentication Service 

KNF Konjunktive Normalform 

KNI Katmai New Instructions 

KOALA Konstanzer Ausleih- und Anfragesystem 

KOP Kontaktplan (DIN 19 239) 

KPA Key Process Area 

KPI Key Performance Indicator 

KQML Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language 

KOS Keep On Smiling (Slang) 

KOS Kernel/Kohler Operating System 

KOS Key Object Selection 

KR Knowledge Representation 

K&R Kernighan + Ritchie 

KRC Kent Recursive Calculator 

KRITIS (Arbeitsgruppe) Kritische Infrastrukturen 

KRS Knowledge Retrieval System, Kernighan + Ritchie Standard 

KS Session Key 

KSAM Keyed Sequential Access Method 

KSK Key Signing Key 

KSR Keyboard Send Receive 

KT Kommunikationstechnik 

KTA Korean Telecommunication Authority 

KTK Kommission für den Ausbau des technischen Kommunikation 

KU Unit Key 

KÜFUST Küstenfunkstelle 

KUUG Karlsruher UNIX User Group 

KV Kabelverzweiger, Karnaugh Veitch (Diagramm) 

KVM Kernel-based Virtual Machine


KVM Keyboard, Video, Mouse 

KVNO Key Version Number 

KVP Kontinuierlicher Verbesserungsprozess 

KVZ Kabelverzweiger 

KW Kurzwelle, Kurzwahl 

KWIM Know What I Mean? (Slang) 

KWIPS Kilo Whetstones Per Second 

KZK Klasse - Zuständigkeit - Kooperation 

KZU Kennzeichenumsetzer 

L Line, Link, Linux, Local, Logic, Low 

L2CAP Logical Link and Control Adaptation Protocol 

L2F Layer 2 Forwarding 

L2TP Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol 

LA LAN Analyzer 

LA License Application 

LA License/Licensing Administration/Administrator 

LA Location Area 

LA Logical Address 

LAA Locally Administered Address 

LAB Logic Array Block 

LABNET Laboratory Broadband Network 

LAC L2TP Access Controller 

LACC Los Alamos Computer Code 

LACP Link Aggregation Control Protocol 

LAD Leistungsanschlusseinheit, digital 

LADDR Layered Device Driver Architecture 

LADE Language Definition Environment 

LADSPA Linux Audio Developer’s Simple Plug-in API 

LADT Local Area Data Transport 

LAES Lawfully Authorized Electronic Surveillance 

LAF Look And Feel (L&F) 

LAG Link Aggregate Group 

LAI LAN Automatic Inventory 

LAI Location Area Identity 

LAICS Los Alamos Integrated Communications System 

LALL Longest Allowed Lobe Length 

LALR Lexically Assign, Logically Refine 

LALR Look Ahead Left Right

307 

LAM Lobe Attachment Unit 

LAM Local Area Multicomputer 

LAMPS Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP, SSL 

LAN Local Area Network 

LANANA Linux Assigned Names And Numbers Authority 

LANC Local Application Control Bus System 

LANC Local Area Network Control (Sony) 

LANDSAT Land-use Satellite 

LANE Local Area Network Emulation/Emulator 

LANL Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA 

LANUG Los Alamos NeXT Users Group 

LAP Link Access Profile/Protocol/Procedure 

LAP Lower Address Part (Bluetooth) 

LAPB Link Access Procedure for Balanced Mode 

LAPD Link Access Procedure for the D-Channel 

LAPF Link Access Procedure Framed Mode 

LAPF Link Access Protocol for Frame Mode Bearer Services 

LAPIC Local Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller 

LAPM Link Access Protocol for Modems 

LAPS Local Area Network Adapter and Protocol Support (IBM) 

LAR Load Access Right 

LARC Livermore Automatic Research Computer 

LARP Live Action Role Playing 

LARS Linux Accessibility Resource Site 

LART Loser/Luser Attitude Readjustment Tool 

LAS Library Access System 

LASER Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation 

LASIC Laser Application Specific Integrated Circuit 

LAST Local Area Storage Transport (DEC) 

LAT Local Area Transport (DEC) 

LATA Local Access and Transmit/Transport Area 

LATM LPI Approved Training Materials 

LAU Lobe Access Unit 

LAVC Local Area VAX Cluster 

LAVMS Los Alamos Voice Messaging System 

LAWN Local Area Wireless Network 

LBA Linear Beschränkter Automat 

LBA Logical Block Addressing 

LBB Logic Building Block 

LBC Local Bus Controller


LBM Local Bus Master 

LBRV Low Bit Rate Voice 

LBS Location Based Services 

LBT Listen Before Talk 

LBT Local Bus Target 

LBV Leistungsbedarfsvorhersage 

LBX Low Bandwidth X 

LC Late Counter 

LC Library of Congress, USA 

LC Liquid Crystal 

LC Live Camera 

LC Local Changes/Control 

LC Low Complexity 

LC Lower Case 

LCA Logic Cell Array 

LCA Losely Coupled Architecture 

LCC Linux Core Consortium 

LCCM LAN Client Control Manager 

LCD Liquid Crystal Device/Display 

LCF LAN Configuration Facility 

LCF Lightweight Client Framework 

LCF Location Confirmation 

LCF Logic for Computable Functions 

LCF Low Cost Fiber 

LCG Large Hadron Collider Computing Grid, CERN, Genf 

LCG Linear Congruential (random number) Generator 

LCHU Low Cost Home User 

LCI Life Cycle Integration 

LCI Logical Channel Indentifier 

LCIM Life Cycle Information Management 

LCL Local Clock 

LCM LEAF Creation Method 

LCM Life Cycle Management 

LCN Local Control Network 

LCN Logical Channel Number 

LCOM Lack of Cohesion in Methods 

LCOS Liquid Crystal On Silicon 

LCP Link Control Protocol (Internet) 

LCR Least/Low Cost Router/Routing 

LCRD Low Cost Removable Drive

LCS Linux Compatibility Standard 

LCS Liquid Cooling System 

LCS Liquid Crystal Shutter 

LCSC Local Carrier Service Center 

LCSH Library of Congress Subject Headings 

LCU Last Cluster Used 

LD Long Distance 

LD Low Delay 

LDA Local Delivery Agent 

LDA Logical Device Address 

LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol 

LDCM LAN Desk Client Manager (Intel) 

LDF Linear Display File 

LDG Los Alamos Debugger 

LDIF LDAP Data Interchange Format 

LDIP Laboratory Data Integrity Program 

LDLN Long Distance Learning Network 

LDM Long Distance Modem 

LDN Linux Standard Base Developer Network 

LDP Label Distribution Protocol 

LDP (The) Linux Documentation Project 

LDP Loader Debugger Protocol 

LDR Light Dependent Resistor 

LDR Long Distance Relationship 

LDRI Low Dynamic Range Image 

LDS Landesamt für Datenverarbeitung und Statistik 

LDS Logical Data Structure 

LDS Lotus Discovery Server 

LDSG Landesdatenschutzgesetz 

LDSL Low Speed ISDN Digital Subscriber Line 

LDSS Low-dimensional Semiconductor Structure 

LDT Lightning Data Transport 

LDT Local Descriptor Table 

LDTR Load Descriptor Table Register 

LDTRC Load Descriptor Table Register Cache 

LDTV Limited Definition Television 

LDUP LDAP Duplication and Update (Protocol) 

LE Light/Limited Edition 

LE Link Encapsulation 

LE Logical Element/Extent 

309


LEA Law Enforcement Agency 

LEAF Large Effective Area Fiber 

LEAF Law Enforcement Access Field 

LEAP Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol 

LEARP LAN Emulation Address Resolution Protocol 

LEC LAN Emulation Client 

LEC Local Exchange Carrier 

LECS LAN Emulation Client/Configuration Server/Service 

LED Light Emitting Diode 

LEF Library Exchange Format 

LEL Link Embedded and Launch-to-edit 

LEM Language Extension Module 

LEM Link Error Monitor 

LEMF Law Enforcement Monitoring Facility 

LEMP Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse 

LEN Low Entry Networking/Node 

LEO Link Everything Online 

LEO Low Earth Orbit/Orbiting 

LEOSAR Low Earth Orbit Search And Rescue 

LEP Light Emitting Polymer 

LEPS Lancom Enhanced Passphrase Security 

LER Light Emitting Resistor 

LES LAN Emulation Server/Service 

LES Land-Erdfunkstelle 

LESC London E-Science Center 

LF Lifetime Failure 

LF Line Feed 

LF Login Facility 

LF Low Frequency 

LFA Log File Analysis 

LFAP Lightweight Flow Admission Protocol 

LFF Large Form Factor 

LFI Last File Indicator 

LFK Landesanstalt für Kommunikation 

LFM Low Frequency Mode 

LFN Logical File Name 

LFN Long File Names 

LFO Low Frequency Oscillator 

LFP Large Format Printing 

LFS Large File Support

311 

LFS Linux From Scratch 

LFS Linux Log File System 

LFS Local File System 

LFS Log-structured File System 

LFSA List of Frequently Seen Acronyms 

LFSR Linear Feedback Shift Register 

LFU Least Frequently Used 

LGA Low Gain Antenna 

LGFT Lie Group Fourier Transform 

LGMR Laser Guided Magnetical Recording 

LGN Logical Group Node 

LGPL Library/Lesser General Public License (GNU) 

LH Link Header 

LHS Left Hand Side 

LI Lawful Interception 

LI Length Indication 

LIC Logical Link Control 

LICS Lotus International Character Set 

LID Logical Input Device 

LIDAR Light Detection And Ranging 

LIDS Linux Intrusion Detection System 

LIEP Large Internet Exchange Packet (Novell) 

LIF Low Insertion Force 

LIFE Laboratory of International Fuzzy Engineering 

LIFO Last In, First Out (Speicher) 

LII Linux Internationalisation Inititative 

LILO Last In, Last Out (Speicher) 

LIM Light Intensity Modulation 

LIM Load Information Manager 

LIM Lotus, Intel, Microsoft 

LIMB Listing of Molecular Biology Databases 

LIMDOW Laser Intensity Modulation Direct Overwrite 

LIMS Laboratory/Library Information Management System 

LIN Local Interconnect Network 

LINFO The Linux Information Project 

LINQ Language Integrated Query 

LINX London Internet Exchange 

LIP Large Internet Packet 

LIP Line Interconnection Point 

LIP Loop Initialization Protocol


LIPS Lightweight Internet Person Schema 

LIPS Logical Inferences/Instructions Per Second 

LIPX Large Internet Packet Exchange 

LIR Library of International Relations 

LIR Line Reference 

LIR Local Internet Registry 

LIRA Learning Information Retrieval Agent 

LIRC Linux Infrared Remote Control 

LIS Logical IP Subnetwork 

LISA Localization Industry Standards Association 

LISP List Processing (Language/Program) 

LISP Lots of Irritating Superfluous Parentheses 

LITA Library and Information Technology Association, USA 

LIVE Linux Verband e. V., Frickenhausen 

LK Linienkoppler 

LKCD Linux Kernel Crash Dump 

LKM Loadable Kernel Module 

LKML Linux Kernel Mailing List 

LKP Local Knowledge Pool 

LKS Loadable Kernel Server 

LL Leased Line 

LL Local Loopback 

LLA Latitude, Longitude, Altitude 

LLA Link Level Access 

LLC Logical Link Control 

LLC Low Layer Compatibility 

LLC2 Logical Link Control Class 2 

LLF Least Laxity First 

LLF Low Level Format 

LLG Lesser Linux God 

LLH Logical Link Header 

LLNL Lawrence Livermoore National Laboratory, USA 

LLOC Lines Of Code 

LLP Link Layer Protocol 

LLP Live Long and Prosper (Slang) 

LLR Least-Loaded Route 

LLS Linear Least Squares 

LLTA Lots and Lots of Thundering Applause (Slang) 

LLU Link Local Use 

LMAO Laughing My Ass Off (Slang)

LMB Line Mode Browser 

LMB Local Master Browser 

LMBCS Lotus Multibyte Character Set 

LMDO Laughing My Diaper Off (Slang) 

LMDS Local Multipoint Distribution Service 

LME Layer Management Entity 

LMF Local Media Format 

LMF Logical Mainframe 

LMI Local Management Interface 

LMK Langwelle, Mittelwelle, Kurzwelle 

LMOS Loop Maintenace Operations System 

LMP Layer Management Protocol 

LMP Link Manager/Management Protocol 

LMR Land Mobile Radio 

LMS Laser Magnetic Storage 

LMS Learning Management System 

LMS License Management Service (OSF) 

LMSC LAN/MAN Standards Committee (IEEE) 

LMTP Local Mail Transfer Protocol 

LMU Logical Network Management Unit 

LN Logical Network 

LNA Low Noise Amplifier 

LNAI Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 

LNB Low Noise Block Converter 

LNC Low Noise Converter 

LNCS Lecture Notes in Computer Science 

LNG Line Network Global (Vectorization) 

LNI Lecture Notes of Informatics 

LNOV Line Network Orientied Vectorization 

LNP Local Network Protocol 

LNS L2TP Network Server 

LO Local Oscillator 

LOA Letter Of Assurance 

LOAF Linux On A Floppy 

LOB Large Object 

LOC Library Of Congress, USA 

LOC Line(s) Of Code 

LOC Loop On-Line Control 

LOCIS Library Of Congress Information System, USA 

LOD Level Of Detail 

313


LOF List Of Figures 

LOF Loss of Frame 

LOI Letter Of Intent 

LOL Laughing Out Loud (Slang) 

LOL List Of Lists 

LOL Lots Of Luck (Slang) 

LOM LAN On Mainboard/Motherboard 

LOM Learning Object Metadata 

LON Local Operating Network 

LOOPS LISP Object Oriented Programming System 

LOP Logikplan (DIN 19 239/40 719) 

LOP Loss of Pointer/Power 

LORAN Long Range Aid to Navigators 

LORE Line Oriented Editor 

LOS Line Of Sight 

LOS Loss Of Signal 

LOT List Of Tables 

LOWFER Low Frequency Experimental Radio 

LP Line Printer 

LP Linear/Logic Programming 

LP Logical Partition 

LP Long Play 

LP Low Power/Profile 

LPA Logarithmic Periodical Antenna 

LPAC Lossless Predictive Audio Compression 

LPB Local Peripheral Bus 

LPC Linear Predictive Coding 

LPC Local Procedure Call 

LPC Low Pin Count (Interface) 

LPD Landespostdirektion 

LPD Line Printer Daemon (UNIX) 

LPD Low Power Device 

LPI lines per inch 

LPI Linux Professional Institute 

LPI Lower Prediction Interval 

LPIC Linux Professional Institute Certification 

LPL Lotus Programming Language 

LPM lines per minute 

LPM Low Power Mode 

LPN Logical Page Number

LPO Logical Post Office 

LPP Licensed Program Product 

LPPB Land Pre Pit Level before Recording 

LPPL LaTeX Project Public License 

LPQ Line Printer Queue 

LPRS Low Power Radio Service 

LPS lines per second 

LPS Low Power Schottky (Semiconductor) 

LPT Line Printer 

LPTF Laboratoire Primaire du Temps et des Frequences 

LPTS Low Power Time Source 

LQ Letter Quality 

LQM Link Quality Monitoring 

LQR Link Quality Report 

LRC Local Register Cache 

LRC Longitudinal Redundancy Check 

LRE Left to Right Embedding 

LRE Limited Regular Expression 

LRE Long Reach Ethernet 

LRI Least Recently Loaded 

LRJ Location Reject 

LRP Linux Router Project 

LRPC Lightweight Remote Procedure Call 

LRQ Location Request 

LRU Least Recently Used 

LRU Lowest Replaceable Unit 

LRZ Leibniz-Rechenzentrum München 

LS Location Services 

LSA Line Sharing Adapter 

LSA Local Security Authority 

LSA Link State Algorithm/Advertisement 

LSA lötfrei – schraubfrei – abisolierfrei 

LSB Least Significant Bit 

LSB Linux Standard Base 

LSB Lower Side Band 

LSC Least Significant Character 

LSC Live Sequence Chart 

LSCD Licensed Status Confirmation Document 

LSD Least Significant Digit 

LSDV Link Segment Delay Value 

315


LSF Load Sharing Facility 

LSF Log Structured File (Array) 

LSI Large Scale Integration 

LSID Local Session Identifier 

LSL Link Support Layer 

LSM Linux Security Module 

LSM Linux Software Map 

LSM Logical Storage Manager 

LSO Linux Standards Organization 

LSP Link State Packet/PDU 

LSP Linux Support Package 

LSP Local Support Provider 

LSR Label/Load Switch/Switched/Switching Router 

LSR Least Squares Regression 

LSR Link State Request/Routing 

LSR Linux Software Resources/Review 

LSR Load Shifting Resistor 

LSR Local Service Request 

LSR Logical Shift Right 

LSR Logical Storage Resource 

LSR Loose Source Route 

LST Linux Support Team 

LSV Low Speed Variant 

LSX Lotus Script Extensions 

LSZ Leitungschlüsselzahl 

LSZH Low Smoke Zero Halogen (Kabel) 

LT LaGrande Technology 

LT Lease Time 

LT Link Trailer 

LTA Laptop Access 

LTCC Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic 

LTDC Long Term Data Collection 

LTE Long Term Evolution 

LTI Laser Thermal Imaging 

LTI Linear Time Invariant (system) 

LTM Long Term Memory 

LTNS Long Time No See (Slang) 

LTO Linear Tape Open 

LTP Linux Test Project 

LTP Long Term Plan/Prediction/Program

317 

LTPS Low Temperature Polysilicon 

LTS Local Time Server/Service 

LTS Long Term Support 

LTSC Learning Technology Standards Committee 

LTSP Linux Terminal Server Project 

LTV Light To Voltage 

LU Logical Unit 

LUA Limited User Account 

LUB Least Upper Bound 

LUF Lowest Usable Frequency 

LUFS Linux Userland File System 

LUG Linux/Local User Group 

LUI Live User Interface 

LUKS Linux Unified Key Setup 

LUM Linux User Management 

LUN Logical Unit Number 

LUNI LAN Emulation User Network Interface 

LUP Language Upgrade 

LUT Local User Terminal 

LUT Look Up Table 

LUUG Lunar UNIX Users Group 

LV Logical Volume 

LV Low Voltage 

LVD Low Voltage Differential (SCSI) 

LVDS Low Voltage Differential Sensing/Signal/Signalling/SCSI/Swin 

LVM Logical Volume Manager 

LVN Landesverwaltungsnetz Baden-Württemberg 

LVS Linux Virtual Server 

LW Langwelle, Long Wave 

LW Long Wire Antenna 

LWAPP Lightweight Access Point Protocol 

LWC Lift Window Control 

LWDMO Lead Writing Device - Manual Option (vulgo Bleistift) 

LWDRM Light Weight Digital Rights Management 

LWE Linux World Conference + Expo 

LWIR Long Wave Infrared 

LWL Lichtwellenleiter 

LWL Long Wave Laser 

LWN Linux Weekly News 

LWP Lightweight Process


LWX LAN WAN Exchange 

LZ Leerzeichen (space) 

LZH Lempel, Ziv, Huffman (Algorithm) 

LZMA Lempel, Ziv, Markow Algorithm 

LZSS Lempel, Ziv, Storer, Szymanski (Algorithm) 

LZW Lempel, Ziv, Welch (Algorithm) 

M Manage, Memory, Message, Mobile, Mode, Multi 

M Meldeleitung 

M2FM Modified Double Frequency Modulation 

M2M Machine To Machine 

MA Management Agent 

MA Master 

MAB Maschinelles Austauschformat für Bibliotheken 

MABI Macintosh Application Binary Interface 

MAC Machine Aided Cognition 

MAC Mainframe Attachment Controller 

MAC Maintaining Arc Consistency 

MAC Mandatory/Medium/Media/Memory Access Control/Controller 

MAC Membership Advisory Committee 

MAC Message Authentication Check/Code 

MAC Multi Access Computer 

MAC Multiplexed Analogue Components 

MAC Multiply Accumulate/Accumulator (Command, Unit) 

MACE Middleware Architectural Committee for Education 

MACF Mandatory Access Control Framework 

MACP Motion Adaptive Color Plus 

MACS Mixed Aloha Carrier Sense 

MACS Modem Access Control System 

MACUL Michigan Association of Computer Users in Learning 

MADCAP Multicast Address Dynamic Client Allocation Protocol 

MADSL Margin Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line 

MAE Macintosh Application Environment 

MAE Metropolitan Area Exchange 

MAF Mozilla Archive Format 

MAGRAM Magnetic Random Access Memory 

MAN Manchester (Coding) 

MAN Metropolitan Area Network 

MANET Mobile Adhoc Network

319 

MANIAC Mathematical Analyzer, Numerical Integrator, and Computer 

MAP Maintenance Analysis Procedure 

MAP Manufacturing Automation Protocol 

MAP Manufacturing Package 

MAP Mesh Access Point 

MAP Message Access Protocol 

MAP Mobile Application Part 

MAPI Mail/Message/Messaging Application Programmer/Programmi 

MAPICS Manufacturing, Accounting and Production Information Contr 

MAPS Mail Abuse Prevention System 

MAPTOP MAP Technical Office Protocol 

MAR Memory Address Register 

MARBI Machine-Readable Bibliographic Information (Committee) 

MARC Machine-Readable Cataloging/Code 

MARID MTA Authorization Records In DNS 

MARP Multi LAN Address Resolution Protocol 

MARPA Mini Automatic Radar Plotting Aid 

MARS Message Archiving and Retrieval Service 

MARS Military Affiliate Radio System 

MARS Multicast Address Resolution Server 

MAS Microsoft Anti-Spyware 

MAS Multi Agent System 

MASC Multicast Address-Set Claim (Protocol) 

MASER Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation 

MASI (Laboratoire de) Modelisation et d’Architecture des Systemes I 

MASM Macro Assembler (Microsoft) 

MASS Mass Storage System 

MASS Message Authentication Signature Standard 

MATIP Mapping of Airline Traffic over Internet Protocol 

MATRIX Multistate Anti-Terrorism Information Exchange 

MAU Medium Attachment Unit (Ethernet) 

MAU Multi Station Access Unit 

MAVT Mobile Audio Visual Terminal 

MAZ Magnetbildaufzeichnung 

MB Macro Block 

MB Megabyte/Multi Byte 

MBA Macroblock Address 

MBA Managed (PC) Boot Agent 

MBC Multi Bit Cell 

MBCS Multibyte Character Set (encoding)


MBFT Multipoint Binary File Transfer 

MBMS Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service 

MBONE Multicast/Multimedia Backbone 

MBPS Megabits/bytes per second 

MBR Master Boot Record 

MBS Maximum Burst Size 

MBS Mobile Broadband System 

MBSA Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer 

MBX Mailbox 

MC Master Control 

MC Miniature Card 

MC Mobile Commerce/Communication 

MC Moving Coil 

MC Multi Carrier/Cast 

MC Multipoint Controller 

MCA Machine Check Architecture 

MCA Micro Channel Architecture (IBM) 

MCA Mission Critical Application 

MCA Motion Capture and Analysis 

MCA Multiprocessor Communication Adapter 

MCAD Mechanical Computer Aided Design 

MCAST Motif Cluster Alignment and Search Tool 

MCAT Metadata Catalog 

MCB Memory Control Block 

MCBSP Multi Channel Buffered Serial Port 

MCC Mamas Computer Club 

MCC Manchester Computing Centre 

MCC Media Changer Commands 

MCC Memory Cache Controller 

MCC Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation 

MCC Mission Control Center 

MCCI Multi-Channel Communications Interface 

MCCI Multimedia Copyright Clearance Ireland 

MCCOI Multimedia Communications Community of Interest 

MCCS Monitor Command and Control Set (VESA) 

MCD Mad Computer Disease 

MCD Mini Client Driver 

MCDA Micro Channel Developers Association 

MCDS Mail Channel Directory System 

MCDU Multipurpose Control and Display Unit

MCE Machine Check Exception 

MCE Management Communication Engine 

MCE Media Center Edition (Microsoft) 

MCF Meta Content Format 

MCF MOM Connector Framework (Microsoft) 

MCFT Multi Cash File Transfer (eBanking) 

MCGA Multi Colour Graphics Adaptor/Array 

MCGAM MIXER Conformant Global Address Mapping 

MCH Memory Controller Hub 

MCI Media Control Interface 

MCIR Machine Controlled Interactive Retrieval 

MCIS Microsoft Commercial Internet System 

MCM Media and Communication Management 

MCM Multi Carrier Modulation 

MCM Multi Chip Module 

MCN Media Catalogue Number 

MCN Multiple Crossbar Network 

MCNC Microelectronics Center of North Carolina 

MCNS Multimedia Cable Network System 

MCOP Management Coprocessor 

MCOP Mobile Connect One-time Password 

MCOP Multimedia Communication Protocol (KDE) 

MCP Macintosh Coprocessor Platform 

MCP Master Control Programm 

MCP Media and Communications Processor 

MCP Microsoft Certified Professional 

MCP Multichip Package 

MCPP Microsoft Communications Protocol Program 

MCR Minimal/Minimum Cell Rate 

MCS Master Control Station 

MCS Mission Critical Server 

MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme 

MCS Multicast Server 

MCS Multinational Character Set 

MCS Multipoint Communication Services/System 

MCSE Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer 

MCSG Mathematical and Computational Sciences Group 

MCT Memory Controller 

MCT Mind Control Technology 

MCT MOS Controlled Thyristor 

321


MCU Master Control Unit 

MCU Memory/Micro/Multipoint/Module Control/Controller Unit 

MCU Minimum Coded Unit 

MCU Multi Chip Unit 

MCU Multicast Unit 

MCU Multipoint Conferencing/Control Unit 

MCX Media Center Extender 

MD Mail Drop 

MD Mediation Device 

MD Message Digest 

MD Mini Disk 

MD5 Message Digest 5 

MDA Mail Delivery Agent 

MDA Media Dependent/Device Adapter 

MDA Mediated Digest Authentication 

MDA Mesh Deterministic Access 

MDA Mobile Digital Assistant 

MDA Model Driven Architecture 

MDA Merci d’avance (Slang) 

MDA Monochrome Display Adapter 

MDAC Master Data Acquisition and Control System 

MDAC Microsoft Data Access Component 

MDBMS Multidimensional DBMS 

MDBS Mobile Data Base Station 

MDDI Mobile Digital Display Interface (VESA) 

MDE Maschinendatenerfassung 

MDEC Motion (JPEG) Decoder 

MDF Main Distribution Frame 

MDG Message Design Guidelines 

MDG Minimum Delay Generator 

MDG Mobile Data Gateway/Group 

MDG Module Dependency Graph 

MDG Multiple Default Gateway 

MDG Multiuser Dungeon Game 

MDH Multimedia Data Handling 

MDI Media Dependent Interface 

MDI Multiple Document Interface 

MDIS Mobile Data Intermediate System 

MDIX Media/Medium Dependent Interface Crossed 

MDK Multimedia Development Kit (Microsoft)

323 

MDN Message Disposition Notification 

MDNI Management Director (!) Network Interface 

MDNI Multicast Device Network Interface 

MDNS Managed Data Network Service 

MDR Minimum Design Requirement 

MDS Meta Data Server 

MDS Microsoft Deployment Solution 

MDS Monitoring and Discovery Service 

MDS Mulit-Dimensional Scaling 

MDS Multiple Data Stream 

MDSL Medium Bit Rate/Multirate Digital Subscriber Line 

MDSTV Mediendienstestaatsvertrag 

MDT Mittlere Datentechnik 

MDT Mobile Data Terminal 

MDY Month Day Year (Datumsangabe) 

ME Micro Edition 

ME Mutation Engine 

MEB Memory Expansion Board 

MEC Memory Expansion Card 

MECN Mobile Extended Corporate Network 

MEDARS Medical Access and Retrieval System 

MEDLINE Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System 

MELANI Melde- und Analysestelle Informationssicherung, Schweiz 

MEMS Micro Electro-Mechanical System 

MEO Medium Earth Orbit 

MERIT Michigan Education Research Insruction Triad 

MERLIN Message Handling and Radio Link Management 

MERS Most Economical Route Selection 

MES Mobile End System 

MESFET Metal Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor 

MESI Modified Exclusive Shared Invalid (Cache) 

MET Memory Enhancement Technology 

MET Middle European Time 

MET Mission Elapsed Time 

METAL Macro Expansion Template Attribute Language 

MEXE Mobil Station Execution Environment 

MEZ Mitteleuropäische Zeit 

MF Marinefunker 

MF Multifunktion 

MFC Mainframe Computer


MFC Microsoft Foundation Classes 

MFC Multifunktionale Chipkarte 

MFFS Microsoft Flash File System 

MFI Metafile Input 

MFIA Magtape Formatter Interface Adapter 

MFJ Modified Final Judgement 

MFLOP Million Floating Point Operations 

MFM Modified Frequency Modulation 

MFO Metafile Output 

MFP Multifunction Peripheral 

MFPA Multi Function Peripheral Association 

MFQ Multilevel Feedback Queue 

MFR Multi Frequency Receiver 

MFS Macintosh File System 

MFS Maximum Frame Size 

MFS Memory File System 

MFS Mitteilungen für Seefunkstellen 

MFT Master File Table 

MFT Multi-Programming with a Fixed number of Tasks 

MFTL My Favorite Toy Language 

MFTP Multicast File Transfer Protocol 

MFV Mehrfrequenz-Wahlverfahren (Telefon) 

MG Master Group 

MG Media Gateway 

MGA Mehrgeäteanschluss 

MGA Monochrome/Multimode Graphic Adapter 

MGC Media Gateway Controller 

MGCP Media Gateway Control Protocol 

MGFT Motion Group Fourier Transform 

MGPF Multiprogram General Purpose Facilities 

MGR Multi Gigabit Router 

MH Modified Huffman (Compression) 

MHD Moving Head Disk 

MHEG Multimedia and Hypermedia Expert Group 

MHF Message Handling Facility 

MHN Münchener Hochschul-Netz 

MHOTY My Hat’s Off To You (Slang) 

MHP Multimedia Home Platform 

MHS Message/Mail Handling Service/System 

MHTML MIME encoded Hypertext Markup Language

325 

MI Mode Indicate 

MI Modul Interface 

MI Multiple Instruction (Stream Computer) 

MIA Missing In Action (Debian) 

MIAS Mehrwertsteuerinformationsaustauschsystem 

MIB Management Information Base 

MIB Melde- und Informationssystem Binnenschifffahrt 

MIC Macro Interpretative Command 

MIC Media Interface Connector 

MIC Memory In Cassette 

MIC Message Integrity Check/Code 

MIC Mode Indicate Common 

MIC Multimedia Interactive Control 

MICA Modem ISDN Channel Aggregation 

MICE Multimedia Integrated Conferencing for Europe 

MICK Multimedia-Informations-Centrum Karlsruhe 

MICR Magnetic Ink Character Recognition 

MICS Mobile Information and Communication Systems 

MID Maritime Identification Digit 

MID Message Identifier 

MID Mobile Internet Device 

MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface 

MIDP Mobile Information Device Profile 

MIDS Matrix Internet Data Survey 

MIEF Management Information Error Facility 

MIF Management Information File/Format 

MIHMA Model-based Integration Heterogeneous Multimedia Archives 

MII Media Independent Interface 

MII Microsoft, IBM, Intel 

MIL military; Internet-Domain: Militär in den USA 

MIL (amerikanische Militärnorm) 

MIL Machine Interface Layer 

MILNET Military Network, USA 

MIM Metall-Isolator-Metall (Bildschirm) 

MIMD Multiple Instructions Multiple Data 

MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions 

MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output 

MINC Multilingual Internet Names Consortium 

MINT Mathematik, Informatik, Naturwissenschaften, Technik 

MIO Modular Input Output


MIP Maximum Integration Phone 

MIPA Mutual Internet Practices Association 

MIPS Million Instructions Per Second 

MIPS Most Irrelevant Product Specification 

MIPS Multimedia Interactive Protocols and Systems 

MIPTEL Mobile IP Telephony 

MIS Management Information System 

MIS Metal Insulator Semiconductor 

MISD Multiple Instructions Single Data 

MIT Management Information Tree 

MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

MITI Ministry of Trade and Industry, Japan 

MITM Man In The Middle (attack) 

MITMA Man In The Middle Attack 

MITS Model Instrumentation Telemetry System 

MIX Member Information Exchange 

MIXER MIME Internet X.400 Enhanced Relay 

MJ Major Descriptor 

MJ Modular Jack (Steckersystem) 

MJD Modified Julian Date 

MJPEG Motion-JPEG 

MKB Media Key Block 

MKL Mathematical Kernel Library (Intel) 

MKT Multifunktionales Kartenterminal 

ML Machine/Markup/Meta Language 

MLA Micro Lense Array 

MLA My Local Address 

MLC Multi Level Cell 

MLD Master Logic Diagram 

MLD Multicast Listener Discovery 

MLE Millenium Language Extension 

MLI Multiple Link Interface 

MLID Multiple Link Interface Driver 

MLIS Multilingual Information Society 

MLM Mailing List Manager 

MLM Multi-Level Marketing 

MLP Message/Multilayer Link Protocol 

MLP Mobile Location Protocol 

MLPPP Multi Link PPP 

MLR Multi-Channel Linear Recording

MLS Multi Level Security 

MLS Multiple Link Support 

MLT Mechanized Loop Testing 

MLT Multi-Level Transition/Transmission 

MLT Multi Link Trunking 

MLV Multi Language Vendor 

MM Maschinenlesbares Merkmal 

MM Material/Mobility Management 

MM Metadata Manager 

MM Moving Magnet 

MM Multiple Master 

MMA Million Message Attack 

MMA Multi-Megabit-Anpassung 

MMAC Multi Media Access Center 

MMAP Multi Media Access Profile 

MMC Man Machine Communication 

MMC Matched Memory Cycle 

MMC Microsoft Management Console 

MMC MIDI Machine Control 

MMC Multi Media Card/Commands 

MMCA Multi Media Card Association 

MMCD Multimedia Compact Disc 

MMDF Multichannel Memorandum Distribution Facility 

MMDS Multichannel Multipoint Distribution System 

MME Multi Media Extensions 

MMF Make Money Fast 

MMF Multi-Mode Fiber 

MMI Man Machine Interface 

MMIC Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit 

MMIS Materials Manager Information System 

MMJ Modified Modular Jack (Steckersystem) 

MMK Multimediale Kommunikation 

MML Man Machine Language 

MML Mathematical Markup Language 

MMM Memory Mapper Modul 

MMM Micro Macro Magician 

MMM Microsoft Multimedia Movie 

MMM Mobile Media Mode 

MMM Multi Media Mediocrity 

MMORPG Massive Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game 

327


MMP Massive Multi Processing 

MMPC Multi Message Package Chaffing 

MMPM Multi Media Presentation Manager 

MMR Modified Modified Read (Compression) 

MMR Multi Hop Relay 

MMS Manufacturing Message Specification 

MMS Module Management System 

MMS Multimedia Messaging Service 

MMS Multimedia Survey 

MMSI Maritime Mobile Service Identity 

MMT Multimedia Timer 

MMTCA Multimedia Toolbox for Cooperative Applications 

MMU Memory Management Unit 

MMX Multi Media Extensions 

MN Minor Descriptor 

MNG Minimal No-Good 

MNIT Mobile Networks Integration Technology 

MNP Microcom Networking Protocol 

MNP Multiple Networking Program 

MNRE Manual Not Read Error (Slang) 

MNS Managed Network Services 

MO Magneto-Optical (Disk) 

MO Managed Object 

MO Mobile Originated (Message) 

MOAP Multihop Over the Air Programming 

MOBB Month Of Browser Bugs 

MOCA Music Online Competition Act 

MOD Magneto-Optical Disk 

MOD Movie/Music On Demand 

MODCA Mixed Object Document Content Architecture 

MODEM Modulator-Demodulator 

MODFET Modulation Doped Field Effect Transistor 

MOESI Modified, Owner, Exclusive, Shared, Invalid 

MOF Meta Object Facility 

MOH Music On Hold 

MOHLL Machine Oriented High Level Language 

MOKB Month Of Kernel Bugs 

MOLAP Multidimensional Online Analytical Processing 

MOLI Microsoft Online Institute 

MOLP Microsoft Open License Pak

329 

MOM Map Oriented Machine 

MOM Message Oriented Middleware 

MOM Microsoft Operations Manager 

MOO MUD/Multiuser Object Oriented 

MOON Management Of Optical Networks 

MOP Maintenance Operations Protocol (DEC) 

MOP Multiple Original Prints 

MOPL Map oriented Programming Language 

MOPS Million Operations Per Second 

MOS Mean Opinion Score 

MOS Metal Oxide Semiconductor 

MOSC Modified Original Smart Card 

MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor 

MOSIX Multicomputer Operating System for UNIX 

MOSPF Multicast Extensions to OSPF 

MOSPF Multicast Open Shortest Path First 

MOSS Microsoft Office Sharepoint Server 

MOSS MIME Object Security Services 

MOST Media Oriented Systems Transport 

MOST Mobile Open Systems Technology 

MOT Multimedia Object Transfer 

MOTAS Member Of The Appropriate Sex (Slang) 

MOTIS Message Oriented Text Interchange System 

MOU Memorandum Of Understanding 

MOV Metal Oxide Varistor 

MP Magic Packet 

MP Massively Parallel 

MP Mesh Point 

MP Multilink Protocol 

MP Multiple Processors 

MP Multipoint Processor 

MP Multiprocessing 

MP3 MPEG Layer 3 

MPA Minimum Perceptable Action 

MPA Motion Picture Association 

MPAA Motion Picture Association of America 

MPC Media Port Controller 

MPC Microsoft Certified Professional 

MPC Multimedia PC 

MPCS Manufacturing Planning and Control System


MPE Maximum Permissible Exposition 

MPE Multiprogramming Executive 

MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group 

MPF Mapping Field 

MPG Medizinprodukte-Gesetz 

MPI Message Passing Interface 

MPI Multi-Protocol Interchange 

MPICH Message Passing Interface Chameleon 

MPL Mozilla Public License 

MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching 

MPM Message/Multi Processing Module 

MPMLQ Multipulse Maximum Likelihood Quantization 

MPOA Multi Protocol Over ATM 

MPP Massively Parallel Processing/Processor 

MPP Message Posting/Processing Program/Protocol 

MPPP Multilink Point-to-Point Protocol 

MPQS Multiple Polynomial Quadratic Sieve 

MPR Massenparallelrechner 

MPR Mät- och Provningsrådet (Schweden) 

MPR Multi-Protocol Router 

MPR Multipart Repeater 

MPR Multipoint Relay 

MPRM Mobile Payment Reference Model 

MPT Memory Protocol Translator 

MPT Ministry of Post and Telecommunications, UK + Japan 

MPTF Multiple Protocol Transport Feature 

MPTN Multi-/Multiple Protocol Transport Network (IBM) 

MPTP Micro Payment Transfer Protocol 

MPTS Multiprotocol Transport Services (IBM) 

MPU Microprocessor Unit 

MPU MIDI Processing Unit 

MPW Macintosh Programmers/Programming Workbench 

MPX Multi Pointer X (Server) 

MPX Multiplex 

MQ Message Queuing 

MQE Managed Query Environment 

MQI Messaging and Queuing Interface 

MR magneto-resistiv 

MR Modem Ready 

MR Modified Read (Compression)

331 

MRAM Magnetoresistive/Ferromagnetic Random Access Memory 

MRB Method Request Broker 

MRC Magneto-Resistive Cluster 

MRCC Maritime Rescue Coordination Center 

MRCF Microsoft Realtime Compression Format 

MRCI Microsoft Realtime Compression Interface 

MRM Motif Resource Manager 

MRM Multi Resolution Mesh 

MRML Mind Reading Markup Language 

MRML Multimedia Retrieval Markup Language 

MRO Multi-Region Operation 

MRP Material Requirements Planning 

MRP Manufacturing Resource Planning 

MRPL Main Ring Path Length 

MRS Media Recognition System 

MRS Microcontroller Readable Sector 

MRS Mode Register Set 

MRS Moderator Recovery System 

MRS Monitored Retrievable Storage 

MRT Mean Repair Time 

MRTD Machine Readable Travel Document 

MRU Maximum Receive Unit 

MRU Most Recently Used 

MRZ Machine Readable Zone 

MS Management Services 

MS Memory Stick/System 

MS Message Store 

MS Microsoft Corporation 

MS Mobile Station 

MS Multiplexer Section 

MS Music/Speech 

MSA Microsoft Systems Architecture 

MSA Mobile Service Architecture 

MSAA Microsoft Active Accessibility 

MSAIS Multiplexer Section Alarm Indication Signal 

MSAM Microsoft Screen Access Model 

MSAM Multikeyed Indexed Sequential File Access Method 

MSAP Minislotted Alternating Priorities 

MSAS Multimedia-Stream Adaptation Services 

MSAU Multi-Station Access Unit


MSB Most Significant Bit/Byte 

MSC Main Service Channel 

MSC Mid Speech Clipping 

MSC Mobile (Services) Switching Centre 

MSCDEX Microsoft Compact Disk Extensions 

MSCHAP Microsoft Challenge/Reply Handshake Protocol 

MSCP Mass Storage Control Protocol 

MSCS Microsoft Cluster Server/Services 

MSD Mass Storage Device 

MSD Most Significant Digit 

MSDL Motion Special Description Language 

MSDN Microsoft Developer Network 

MSDOS Microsoft Disk Operating System 

MSDP Multicast Source Discovery Protocol 

MSDR Multiplexed Streaming Data Request 

MSDS Microsoft Developer Support 

MSDS MIDI Sample Dump Standard 

MSFDC Microsoft + First Data Corporation 

MSG Message 

MSI Maritime Safety Information 

MSI Medium Scale Integration 

MSI Message Signaled Interrupt 

MSI Microsoft Installer 

MSIE Microsoft Internet Explorer 

MSIL Microsoft Intermediate Language 

MSISDN Mobile Subscriber Integrated Services Digital Network 

MSISDNN Mobile Subscriber Integrated Services Digital Network Number 

MSK Minimum Shift Keying 

MSL Master Symbol List 

MSL Map Specification Library 

MSL Mean Sea Level 

MSL Mirrored Server Link 

MSLR Max Scan Line Register 

MSLR Morphological and Syntactic LR Parser 

MSM Mainstream Media 

MSN Microsoft Network 

MSN Multiple Subscriber Number 

MSO Multiple System Operator 

MSOH Multiplexer Section Overhead 

MSOPF Multicast Open Shortest Path First

MSP Message Security Protocol 

MSP Multiplexer Section Protection 

MSR Machine Specific Register 

MSR Message Service Routine 

MSR Messen, Steuern, Regeln 

MSR Model Specific Registers 

MSR Multiplicity Shift Register 

MSRN Mobile Station Roaming Number 

MSS MAN Switching System 

MSS Maximum Segment Size 

MSS Mobile Satellite Service 

MSSG MPEG Software Simulation Group 

MSTE Multiplexer Section Terminating Equipment 

MSTP Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol 

MSU Multi Service Unit 

MSV Medium Speed Variant 

MSW Machine Status Word 

MT Mobile Terminated (Messaging) 

MT Movable Type 

MTA Macintosh Telephony Architecture 

MTA Mail/Message Transfer Agent 

MTA Multiple Terminal Access 

MTBB Mean Time Between Breakdowns 

MTBDL Mean Time Between Data Loss 

MTBF Mean Time Between Failures 

MTBJ Mean Time Between Jams 

MTC Multi Threaded Calculation 

MTD Memory Technology Device 

MTDA Mean Time Data Availability 

MTF Mean Time to Failure 

MTF Microsoft Tape Format 

MTF Modulation Transfer Function 

MTFBWY May The Force Be With You (Slang) 

MTH Memory Translation/Translator Hub 

MTJ Magnetic Tunnel Junction 

MTN Mini Typing Notify 

MTOPS Millions Theoretical Operations Per Second 

MTP Mail Transfer Protocol (Internet) 

MTP Message Transfer Part 

MTP Meteo Time Protocol 

333


MTQP Message Tracking Query Protocol 

MTRR Memory Type Range Register 

MTS Message Transfer/Telephone Services/System 

MTS Michigan Terminal System 

MTS Microsoft Transaction Server 

MTS Multichannel Television Sound 

MTS Multimedia Teleschool (Berlitz) 

MTTF Mean Time To Failure 

MTTH Mean Time To Half Brightness 

MTTR Mean Time To Recovery/Repair 

MTU Maximum Transfer/Transmission Unit 

MTUF Magnetic Tape Unit Formatter 

MU Message Unit 

MÜ Maschinelle Übersetzung 

MUA Mail User Agent 

MUCK Multi User Chat Kingdom 

MUD Multi/Multiple-User Dialogue/Dimension/Dungeon (Spiele) 

MUEW Monopolübertragungsweg 

MUF Maximal Usable Frequency 

MUFF Maus- und Fenster-Firlefanz 

MUL Memory Upper Low 

MUL Mobile User Link 

MULTICS Multiplexed Information and Computing Service 

MUMPS Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming Syste 

MUNDI Multiplexed Network for Distributive and Interactive Services 

MUSE Multiple Sub-Nyqyist-Sampling Encoding 

MUSEN Meinem Unmassgeblichen Sprachempfinden Nach (Slang) 

MUSH Multi-User Shared Hallucinations 

MUSIC Multiple Signal Characterization/Classification 

MUSICAM Masking Universal Subband Integrated Coding and Multiplex 

MUTEX Mutual Exclusion 

MUX Multiplexer 

MVA Multi-domain Vertical Alignment (panel) 

MVB Multimedia Viewer Book 

MVC Manual Volume Control 

MVC Model View Controller (design pattern) 

MVC Multimedia Viewer Compiler 

MVC Micro-Bit-Virus-Centrum, Karlsruhe 

MVCC Multi Version Concurrency Control 

MVD Multi Valued Dependency

335 

MVDM Multiple Virtual DOS Machines 

MVFS Multi Version File System 

MVGA Monochrome Video Graphics Array 

MVIP Multi Vendor Integration/Interaction Protocol 

MVL Multiple Virtual Line 

MVM Matrix Vector Multiplier 

MVP Multimedia Video Processor 

MVQ Motion Vector Quantization 

MVS Multiple Virtual Storage/Systems (IBM) 

MVT Multiprogramming with a Variable number of Tasks 

MVT Multi Vendor Teaming 

MW Mittelwelle, Medium Wave 

MWC Mirror Write Cache 

MWCG Multiply With Carry (random number) Generator 

MWCM Molecular Wire Crossbar Memory 

MWD Mehrwertdienst 

MWI Message Waiting Indication 

MWM Motif Window Manager 

MWMR Multiple Write, Multiple Read 

MWN Managed WAN Networks 

MX Mail Exchange/Exchanger (DNS-Record) 

MXF Material Exchange Format 

MXS Mail Exchangers (plural of MX) 

MXS Message Exchange Services 

MXS Microsoft Exchange Server 

MXT Memory Expansion Technology (IBM) 

MYOB Mind Your Own Business (Slang) 

MZAP Multicast-Scope Zone Announcement Protocol 

N National, Network, No/Non 

NA Network Access 

NA Not Applicable/Available 

NAB National Address Base 

NAB National Association of Broadcasters (USA) 

NAC Network Access/Admission Control 

NAC Network Analysis Corporation 

NAC Network Applications Consortium (USA) 

NAC Null Attachment Concentrator 

NACA National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (USA)


NACD National Association of Computer Dealers 

NACK Negative Acknowledge 

NACS National Advisory Committee on Semiconductors 

NACS NetWare Asynchronous Communication Server 

NADIR Network Anomaly Detection + Intrusion Reporter 

NAEC Novell Authorized Education Center 

NAF National Arbitration Forum 

NAFOD No Apparent Fear Of Death (Slang) 

NAG Numerical Algorithms Group, Oxford 

NAIF Navigation Ancillary Information Facility 

NAK Negative Acknowledge/Acknowledgement 

NAL Network Abstraction Layer 

NAL Novell Application Launcher 

NAM Name and Address Module 

NAM Narrow Amplitude Modulation 

NAM National Account Manager 

NAM Netware Application Manager 

NAM Network Analysis Module 

NAM Number Assignment Module 

NAMP NetWare Asynchronous Messaging Protocol 

NAN Not a Number 

NAND not and 

NANOG North American Network Operators Group 

NAP Network Access Point/Protection/Protocol 

NAP Non-significant Address Part (Bluetooth) 

NAPAW North American Process Algebra Workshop 

NAPLPS North American Presentation Layer/Level Protocol Syntax 

NAPT Network Address Port Translation (RFC 3022) 

NAPTR Naming Authority Pointer 

NAQ Never Answered Questions 

NARR Narrative 

NAS Network Access Server 

NAS Network Administration System 

NAS Network Application Services 

NAS Network Application Support (DEC) 

NAS Network Attached Storage 

NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration, USA 

NASA .net Application and Strategic Alternatives 

NASI NetWare Asynchronous Services Interface (Novell) 

NASIG Numerical Analysis Special Interest Group

337 

NASK Naukowa i Akademicka Siec Komputerowa (Polen) 

NASS Numerical Aerodynamics Simulation System 

NAT Network Address Translation 

NAU Network Access/Addressable Unit 

NAUN Nearest Active Upstream Neighbour 

NAV Network Allocation Vector 

NAVI New Analog Video Interface 

NAVTEX Navigational Warnings by Telex 

NAX Nachrichten auf Fax 

NB Noise Blanker 

NB Northbridge 

NBC National Broadcasting Compnay, USA 

NBD Network Block Device 

NBD No Big Deal (Slang) 

NBF Netbios Frame (Transport Protocol) 

NBFCP NetBIOS Frames Control Protocol 

NBG Networking Business Group 

NBMA Non-Broadcast Multiple Access 

NBN Nixdorf Breitbandnetz 

NBNS NetBIOS Name Server/Service 

NBO Network Byte Order 

NBP Name Binding Protocol 

NBP Netbios Protocol 

NBP Network Bootstrap Program 

NBS National Bureau of Standards, USA (jetzt NIST) 

NBT NetBIOS on TCP/IP 

NC Network Computer/Control 

NC Newcastle Connection 

NC No Connection 

NC Node Consistency 

NC Number Cruncher/Crusher 

NC Numerical Control 

NCA Network Communications Adapter 

NCA Network Computer/Computing Architecture 

NCAM National Center for Accessible Media, USA 

NCAR National Center for Atmospheric Research, USA 

NCB NetBIOS Control Block 

NCC National Computing Centre 

NCC Network Computer Client 

NCC Network Control Center


NCC Network Coordination Centre (RIPE) 

NCCUSL National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws 

NCD Network Computing Device 

NCD Network Copy Detection 

NCE Nomadic Computing Environment 

NCEG Numerical C Extensions Group 

NCF Network Computing Facility 

NCGA National Computer Graphics Association 

NCI Network Control Information 

NCM Network Configuration Management 

NCMT Numerical Control for Machine Tools 

NCN New Century Network 

NCNCNC No Coffee, No Chocolate, No Computer (Slang) 

NCO Numerically Controlled Oscillator 

NCP NetWare Core Protocol 

NCP Network Control Processor/Protocol/Program 

NCP Not Copy Protected 

NCQ Native Command Queuing 

NCR National Cash Register Corporation, USA 

NCS Natural Colour System 

NCS Network Computer Server 

NCS Network Computing System 

NCS NASI Connection Service 

NCSA National Center for Supercomputing Applications, USA 

NCSA National Computer Security Association 

NCSA National Customer Service Association 

NCSC National Computer Security Center 

NCSC North Carolina Supercomputing Center 

NCSD National Cyber Security Division, USA 

NCSI Network Communication Services Interface 

NCSL National Computer System Laboratory 

NCSTRL Networked Computer Science Technical Reports Library 

ND Natürliche Dummheit (Gegensatz zu KI) 

ND Network Diagram 

NDA Non Disclosure Agreement 

NDA Norddeutsche Datenautobahn 

NDAC Not Data Accepted 

NDAS Network Direct Attached Storage 

NDB Non-Directional Beacon 

NDC National Destination Code

339 

NDC Normalized Device Coordinate 

NDI Network Distribution Infrastructure 

NDIS Network Device/Driver Interface Specification 

NDL Network Database Language 

NDLTD Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations 

NDM Netzwerk-Datenmodell 

NDM Normal Disconnected Mode 

NDMP Network Data Management Protocol 

NDMS NetWare Distributed Management Services 

NDP Numeric Data Processor 

NDPS Netware Distributed Printing Services 

NDPS Non-Disruptive Path Switching 

NDR Non Delivery Report 

NDR Norddeutscher Rundfunk 

NDS Netware/Novell Directory Services 

NDS Noise Detected as Speech 

NDST Network Dedicated Systems Time 

NDT Net Data Throughput 

NDT Network Design Tool 

NDTP Network Dictionary Transfer Protocol 

NE Name Error 

NE Network/Node Element 

NE4 Netzebene 4 

NEA Nichtdeterministischer Endlicher Automat (NFA) 

NEARNET New England Academic and Research Network 

NEC National Electric Code (Kabel) 

NEC Nippon Electric Company, Japan 

NEC Numerical Electromagnetics Code 

NECC National Education Computing Conference, USA 

NECTAR Network Computer Architecture 

NEDD New Electrostatic Drop Detector 

NEES Network for Earthquake Engineering and Simulation 

NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association 

NEMS Nano Electromechanical Storage 

NEOS Networked Educational On-line System 

NERD Network Event Recording Device 

NEST Novell Embedded Systems Technology 

NET network; Internet-Domain: Netzverwaltung 

NET Network Entity Title 

NET Norme Europeenne de Telecommunication


NETBEUI NetBIOS Extended User Interface (IBM) 

NETBIOS Network Basic Input and Output System (IBM) 

NETBLT Network Block Transfer (Protocol) 

NETCDF Network Common Data Form 

NETSC Netscape (Browser) 

NETSC Network Security Consortium 

NEWS Network Extensible Window System 

NEXT Near End Cross Talk 

NF Niederfrequenz 

NF Noise Factor 

NF Normalform (Datenbank) 

NFA Nondeterministic Finite Automaton 

NFAR Network File Access Routine 

NFC Near Field Communications 

NFF No Fault Found 

NFGM Nano Floating Gate Memory 

NFI No Frigging Idea (Slang) 

NFM Narrow Frequency Modulation 

NFM Network File Manager 

NFS Nachrichten für Seefunkstellen 

NFS Network/Nightmare File Server/System 

NFS Number Field Sieve 

NFSS New Font Selection Scheme 

NFW No Fucking Way (Slang) 

NG Next/New Generation 

NG No Good 

NGG Network Group Germany 

NGI Next Generation Internet 

NGIO Next Generation Input Output 

NGM Netware Global Messaging 

NGMHS NetWare Global Message Handling System 

NGMN Next Generation Mobile Network 

NGN Next Generation Network 

NGO Non Governmental Organization 

NGS Non Government Standard 

NGSCB Next Generation Secure Computing Base 

NGSCBFW Next Generation Secure Computing Base for Windows 

NGWS Next Generation Windows Services 

NGZ Network Game Zone 

NHC Notebook Hardware Control

341 

NHOB Non-specific Hierarchical Operational Binding 

NHRP Next Hop Routing/Resolution Protocol 

NI Neighbourhood Interchangeability 

NI Network Interconnect 

NIA Network Interoperability Alliance 

NIC National ISDN Council 

NIC Network Information Center 

NIC Network Interface Card 

NIC John-von-Neumann-Institut für Computing, Jülich 

NICA Novell Integrated Computing Architecture 

NICAD Nickel Cadmium (Akkumulator) 

NICAM Near Instantaneous Companded Audio Multiplex 

NICE Network Information and Control Exchange (Protocol) 

NICK Netzweites Informationssystem im Campus der Universität K 

NID Namespace Identifier 

NID Next ID 

NIDL Network Interface Definition Language 

NIDS Network Intrusion Detection System 

NIF Nautischer Informationsfunk 

NIF Network Information File/Frame 

NIG Non Isolated Gate 

NIH National Institute of Health, USA 

NIH Not Invented Here 

NIHCL NIH Class Library 

NII National Information Infrastructure, USA 

NIIT National Information Infrastructure Testbed 

NIK Nachhaltigkeit in der Informations- und Kommunikationstech 

NIL Network Interchange Language 

NILFS New Implementation of a Log-structured File System 

NIM Network Installation Manager 

NIM Network Interface Machine 

NIMA National Imaging and Mapping Agency 

NIMBY Not In My Backyard (Slang) 

NIMH Nickel Metal Hydride (Akkumulator) 

NIMP NetWare Internetwork Messaging Protocol 

NIP Network Inquiry Protocol 

NIP Non-Impact Printer/Printing 

NIPC National Infrastructure Protection Center 

NIPS Network I/O Per Second 

NIR Network Information Retrieval


NIS Nachbarschafts-Informationssystem 

NIS NATO Identification System 

NIS Network Information/Interpreting Service 

NIS Norddeutsches Informationssystem 

NISA New Information Services Architecture 

NISDN Narrow Band ISDN 

NISO National Information Standards Organization 

NISS National Information Services and Systems, USA 

NISS National Information on Software and Services, USA 

NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA 

NIT Network Information Table 

NIT Network Interface Tap 

NITC National Information Technology Center 

NIU Network Interface Unit 

NIUF National ISDN Users Forum 

NJE Network Job Entry (IBM) 

NL Network Layer 

NL New Line 

NLA Next Level Aggregator 

NLA Not Long Ago (Slang) 

NLANR National Laboratory for Applied Networking Research, USA 

NLB Network Load Balancing 

NLE Nonlinear Editing 

NLLS Nonlinear Least Squares 

NLM Netware Loadable Modul (Novell) 

NLMB Nolifemuddinbastard (Slang) 

NLOC Netto Lines Of Code 

NLP Natural Language Processing 

NLP Non Linear Programming 

NLPID Network Layer/Level Protocol Identifier 

NLQ Near Letter Quality 

NLS National/Native Language Support 

NLSP Netware Link Service/State Protocol 

NLUUG Niederländische UNIX User Group 

NM Network Management 

NM New Maintainer (Debian) 

NMA Network Management Architecture 

NMAS Novell Modular Authentication Services 

NMC Network Management/Measurement Center 

NMCP Network Management Control Protocol

343 

NMEA National Marine Electronics Association 

NMI Non Maskable Interrupt 

NML Normal 

NMM NetWare Management Map (Novell) 

NMM Network Management Modul 

NMO Network Management Option (OSF) 

NMOS N-Channel MOS (Transistor) 

NMOS Network Management Operating System 

NMP Network Management Processor 

NMPR Networked Media Product Requirements 

NMR Network Management Responder (Novell) 

NMR Noise to Mask Ration 

NMS Network/NetWare Management Station/System 

NMT Nordic Mobile Telephone 

NMU Non-Maintainer Upload (Debian) 

NMVT Network Management Vector Command 

NMX Network Magement Extensions 

NN Network Node 

NN Newbie Note (Slang) 

NN Nightmare Networker (Slang) 

NNGS No Name Go Server 

NNI Network Node/Network Interface 

NNI Next Node Indicator 

NNR Novell Network Registry 

NNSC NSFnet Network Service Center 

NNSP National Network of State Polls, USA 

NNSP Neural Networks for Signal Processing 

NNTP Network News Transfer Protocol (Internet) 

NNX Nerwork Numbering Exchange 

NOA Nerds on Air 

NOAA National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration 

NOAH Network Oriented Application Harmonization 

NOC Network Operation Center 

NOC Number of Children 

NOEBL Nichtöffentlicher beweglicher Landfunk 

NOEML Nichtöffentlicher mobiler Landfunk 

NOMA National Online Media Association 

NOP No Operation 

NOR not or 

NORC Naval Ordnance Research Calculator


NORSAR Norwegian Seismic Array 

NOS Network Operating System 

NOW Network Of Workstations 

NP No Problem (Slang) 

NP Nondeterministic Polynomial time 

NPA Network Performance Analyzer 

NPA Network Printer/Printing Alliance 

NPA Numbering Plan Area 

NPACI National Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure 

NPAP Network Printing Alliance Protocol 

NPAPI Netscape Plug-in Application Program Interface 

NPC Network Personal Computer 

NPCID Network Provides Caller Identifier 

NPH Non Processed Header 

NPI Neighbourhood Partial Interchangeability 

NPI Network Printer Interface 

NPL National Physical Laboratory, England 

NPL Nonprocedural Language 

NPP Network Printing Protocol 

NPR Non Persistent Reference 

NPS Network Print Server 

NPTL Native POSIX Thread Library 

NPTN National Public Telecomputing Network, USA 

NPV Non Patient Vicinity 

NQE Network Queuing Environment 

NQS Network Queuing System 

NR No-Good Recording 

NRC National Research Council, USA 

NRCS National Replacement Character Set 

NREN National Research and Education/Educational Network 

NRF Nerds’ Revolutionary Front 

NRL Namespace Routing Language 

NRM Normal Response Mode 

NRN National Research Network 

NRN Netware Remote Node 

NRN No Reply Necessary (Slang) 

NRO Numbering Resource Organisation 

NRPC (Lotus) Notes Remote Procedure Call 

NRRT Non-reroutable Traffic 

NRT Non Real Time

NRTL Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (USA) 

NRTM Near Real Time Mirroring 

NRV Niedersächsicher Rechner-Verbund 

NRZ Non Return to Zero 

NRZI Non Return to Zero, Invert on ones 

NS Name Server (Record) 

NS Natural Stupidness 

NS Netscape 

NS Network Supervisor 

NS New Signal 

NSA National Security Agency, USA 

NSA Nichtschlüsselattribut 

NSAP Network Service Access Point 

NSAPA Network Service Access Point Address 

NSAPI Netscape Server API 

NSC National Support Center 

NSC Network Security Controller 

NSC Network Signon Coordinator 

NSCACE NSC Auxiliary Control Element 

NSCD Name Service Cache Daemon 

NSDI National Spatial Data Infrastructure 

NSDI Networked Systems Design and Implementation 

NSE Network Software Environment 

NSF National Science Foundation, USA 

NSF Non Standard Format 

NSF Norges Standardiseringsforbund 

NSF (Lotus) Notes Storage Facility/File 

NSFNET National Science Foundation Network (Internet) 

NSI Network Solutions, Inc. 

NSI Norsk Sentrum for Informatikk, Norwegen 

NSIC National Storage Industry Consortium, USA 

NSID (DNS) Name Server Identifier 

NSL Network Service Layer 

NSM Network Storage Manager 

NSM Netz-Service-Modul 

NSM Netz- und Systemmanagement 

NSO Network Security Officer 

NSO Nonvirtual Significant Other (Slang) 

NSP Native Signal Processing 

NSP Network Services Protocol/Provider 

345


NSR Niederspannungsrichtlinie 

NSRA Nordvästra Skånes Radioamatörer 

NSRMP Network Security Risk Management Protocol 

NSS Namespace Specific String 

NSS Name Service Switch 

NSS National Search and Rescue Secretariat, Canada 

NSS Network Specific String 

NSS Nodal Switching System 

NSS Novell Storage Services 

NSSDC National Space Science Data Center, USA 

NSSN National Standards System Network, USA 

NSSR Non-Specific Subordinate Reference 

NSTL National Software Testing Labs, USA 

NSTVA Nebenstellen-Vermittlungsanlage 

NSTX Name Server Tunnel Exchange (Protocol) 

NSUB Neighbourhood Substitutability 

NSUE Netzsteuerungs- und -überwachungssystem 

NSW National Software Works, USA 

NSW Network Setup Wizard 

NSW Norton SystemWorks (Symantec),USA 

NSW Novell Script for NetWare 

NT Network Termination/Terminator (ISDN) 

NT New Technology/Trouble 

NTAS Windows NT Advanced Server 

NTBA Network Terminator Basicrate Access (ISDN-Netzbasisanschluss) 

NTC National Telecommunications Conference 

NTC Negative Temperature Coefficient 

NTDLM Neue Telefondienstleistungsmerkmale 

NTF Neutral Transfer Format 

NTF No Trouble Found 

NTFS New Technology File System (Microsoft) 

NTG Nachrichtentechnische Gesellschaft e. V. 

NTIA National Telecommunications and Information Administration, US 

NTIC Nouvelles Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication 

NTL Network Tracing and Logging 

NTM Nondeterministic Turing Machine 

NTN Network Terminal/Termination Number 

NTP Network Termination Point 

NTP Network Time Protocol 

NTR Nationale Teilnehmer-Rufnummer

347 

NTS Network Transport Services (IBM) 

NTS New Typesetting System 

NTSA Networking Technical Support Alliance 

NTSC National Television Standards/System Committee, USA 

NTSC Never The Same Color (Slang) 

NTT Nippon Telegraph + Telephone Corporation, Japan 

NTTAWWT Not That There’s Anything Wrong With That (Slang) 

NTTF Networking and Telecommunications Task Force 

NTV Network Television 

NUA Network User Address 

NUI Network User Identification/Interface 

NUL Null 

NUMA Non Uniform Memory Access/Address/Architecture 

NURBS Non Uniform Rational B-Spline 

NV Net View/Vision/Volume 

NV Network Variable/Video 

NV New Version 

NV No Overflow 

NV Nominal Voltage 

NV Non-volatile 

NVE Nummer der Versandeinheit 

NVM Non Volatile Memory 

NVN National Videotext Network 

NVO Non-Visual User Object 

NVOD Near Video On Demand 

NVP Network Voice Protocol (Internet) 

NVP Nominal Velocity of Propagation 

NVQ National Vocational Qualification 

NVR Non Volatile Random Access Memory 

NVRAM Non Volatile Random Access Memory 

NVT Network Virtual Terminal 

NWFS Netware File System (Novell) 

NWG Network Working Group 

NWNET North West Net 

NWS National Warning System, USA 

NWS Network Weather Service 

NX No Execute 

NYPSC New York Public Service Commission 

NYSERNet New York State Educational and Research Network


O Object, Open, Operate, Optical 

OA Open Access 

OAA Open Agent Architecture 

OAEP Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding 

OAF Origin Address Field 

OAG Open Application Group 

OAI Offene Anwendungs- und Interkommunikationssysteme 

OAI Open Applications Interface 

OAI Open Archive Initiative 

OAI Oracle Academic Initiative 

OAIS Open Archival Information System 

OAM Object Attribute Memory 

OAM Operation, Administration, Maintenance 

OAO Over And Out (Slang) 

OASIS Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Stan 

OATUS On A Totally Unrelated Subject (Slang) 

OAUS On An Unrelated Subject (Slang) 

OAW Optically Assisted Winchester 

OB Orange Book 

OBC Onboard Computer 

OBE Overcome By Events (Slang) 

OBEX Object Exchange (Protocol) 

OBI Online Book Inititative 

OBO Or Best Offer (Slang) 

OBS Objektbanksystem 

OBS Optical Burst Switching 

OBST Object Management System of STONE 

OBTW Oh, By The Way (Slang) 

OBU On Board Unit 

OC Open Control 

OC Optical Carrier 

OC3 Optical Carrier Level 3 

OCA Object/Open Component Architecture 

OCALA Open Common Annotation Language 

OCB Optically Compensated Bend 

OCC Omas/Opas Computer-Club 

OCC Operations Control Center 

OCC Other Common Carrier 

OCCC Obfuscated C Code Contest 

OCE Open Collaborative Environment (Apple)

349 

OCFS Oracle Cluster File System 

OCI Object Code Insertion 

OCI Operational Cryptography and Interception 

OCI Oracle Call Interface 

OCL Operator/Operation Control Language 

OCLC Online Cataloging/Computer Library Catalog/Center 

OCP Optical Storage Processor 

OCR Optical Character/Curve Recognition 

OCR Oracle Cluster Registry 

OCS Object Compatibility Standard 

OCS Open Cabling System 

OCSP Online Certificate Status Protocol 

OCT Object Code Translator 

OCTD Observation, Conclusion, Temporary Data 

OCX OLE Control Extensions 

ODA Open Data Applications 

ODA Open/Office Document Architecture 

ODAC Open Document Architecture Consortium 

ODAM Open Distributed Application Model 

ODAPI Open Database Application Programming Interface 

ODB Object Oriented Data Base 

ODBC Open Data Base Connectivity (Microsoft) 

ODBMS Object Oriented Database Management System 

ODC Overdrive Circuit 

ODCS Open Distributed Computing Structure 

ODD Open Data Desktop 

ODE Object Data and Environment 

ODE Open Dynamics Engine 

ODE Ordinary Differential Equation 

ODE OSF Development Environment 

ODETTE Organisation for Data Exchange by Tele-Transmission in Euro 

ODF On Disk Format 

ODF Open Document Format 

ODF OpenDoc Development Framework 

ODFA Open Document Format Alliance 

ODI Open Data-Link Interface (Novell) 

ODIF Open/Office Document Interchange Format 

ODIMS Open Distributed Information Management System 

ODINSUP ODI-NDIS Supplementary Driver 

ODL Object Definition Language, Optical Disc Library


ODM Object Data Manager 

ODMA Open Document Management API 

ODMG Object Database Management Group 

ODMR On Demand Mail Relay 

ODN Optical Data Network 

ODP Open Directory Project 

ODP Open Distributed Processing 

ODR Optical Digital Reference 

ODS Offene Datenschnittstelle 

ODS Offenes Deutsches Schulnetz 

ODS On Disc Structure (File System) 

ODS Open Data Services 

ODSI Open Directory Service Interface 

ODT On-Die Termination 

ODTM Optical Time Division Multiplexing 

ODVA Open Device-Net Vendor Association 

OE Opportunistic Encryption 

OE Output Enable 

OEB Open Electronic Book 

OEBL Öffentlicher beweglicher Landfunk 

OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development 

OEF Origin Element Field 

OEM Odd Even Merge (Graph, Netz) 

OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer 

OES Odd Even Sort (Graph, Netz) 

OES Open Enterprise Server (Novell) 

OF Overflow Flag 

OFA Optimal Flexible Architecture 

OFAP Old Fart At Play (Slang) 

OFB Output Feedback 

OFD Optical Frequency Division Demultiplexer/Demultiplexing 

OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex/Multiplexing 

OFE Open Financial Exchange 

OFET Organic Field Effect Transistor 

OFFIS Oldenburger Forschungs- und Entwicklungsinstitut für Informatik 

OFHC Oxygen Free High Conductivity (Copper) 

OFM Optical Frequency Division Multiplexer/Multiplexing 

OFS Object File System 

OFS Old File System (Amiga) 

OFS Output Field Separator

351 

OFTC Open and Free Technology Community 

OFTP Odette File Transfer Protocol 

OFW Oberflächenwelle 

OFX Open Financial Exchange 

OGIS Open Geodata Interoperability Specification 

OGM Ogg Media 

OGSA Open Grid Services Architecture 

OGSI Open Grid Services Infrastructure 

OH Off Hook 

OHA Open Handset Alliance 

OHCI Open Host Controller Interface 

OHR Over Horizon RADAR 

OIC Oh, I See (Slang) 

OIC Operator Interface Console 

OID Object Identifier (IANA) 

OIDC Object Identifier Component 

OIDL Object Interface Definition Language 

OII (European Commission’s) Open Information Interchange (Serv 

OIM Object Interaction Model 

OIM Office of Information Management 

OIM Offline Instant Message 

OIM Open Information Model 

OIM Operating Instruction Manual 

OIM Operations/Operator Interface Module 

OIM Optical Interface Module 

OIM Oracle Identity Management 

OIM OSI Internet Management 

OIN Open Invention Network 

OIO Open Infrastructure for Outcomes 

OIRT Organisation International de Radio et Television 

OIS Office/Online Information System 

OIT Object Identifier Tree 

OIU Operator Interface Unit 

OIV Object Identifier Value 

OIW OSI Implementors’ Workshop 

OK Oberer Kanal 

OKKSA Offener Katalog für Kommunale Softwareanforderungen 

OLALA Open Local Area Linux Applications 

OLAP Online Analytical Processing 

OLC Online Computer


OLC Optical Link Card 

OLE Object Linking and Embedding 

OLE Open License for Education 

OLED Organic Light Emitting Device/Diode/Display 

OLI Open Link Interface (Novell) 

OLI Optical Phone Line Interface 

OLIT Open Look Intrinsic Toolkit 

OLIX On-Line Informationssystem UNIX 

OLM Optical Link Modul 

OLP Open License Plan/Program 

OLPC One Laptop Per Child 

OLSR Optimized Link State Routing (Protocol) 

OLT Optical Line Termination 

OLTC On Line Trace Compression 

OLTP On Line Transaction Processing 

OLWM Open Look Window Manager 

OM Object Manager 

OM Old Man (Radioamateur) 

OM Optimal Mismatch 

O&M Operation and Maintenance 

OMA Object/Open Management Architecture 

OMA Open Mobile Alliance/Architecture (Cabrio?) 

OMAC One-key Message Authentication Code 

OMAP Open Multimedia Applications Protocol 

OMAP Operation and Maintenance Part 

OMC Operation and Maintenance Center 

OMCR Operation and Maintenance Center Radio 

OMCS Operation and Maintenance Center Switch 

OME On-board Modul Extension 

OMF Object Management Facility/Framework 

OMF Object Module Format 

OMF Open Media Framework 

OMF Open Source Metadata Framework 

OMFS Open Mosix File System 

OMG Object Management Group 

OMI Open Messaging/Modelling Interface 

OMI Open Microprocessor Systems Initiative 

OML Object Manipulation Language 

OMR Optical Mark Recognition 

OMS Object management System

353 

OMT Object Modelling Technique 

OMUP Operating and Maintenance User Part 

ONAL Off-Network Access Line 

ONC Open Network Computing (Sun) 

ONCS Open Network Compute Server 

ONE Open Net/Network Environment (Sun) 

ONI Operator Number Identification 

ONM Open Network Management 

ONMS Open Network Management System 

ONN Open Network Node 

ONNA Oh No, Not Again (Slang) 

ONNTA Oh No, Not This Again (Slang) 

ONP Open Network Provision 

ONP Open Network Provision 

ONP Open Networking Platform 

ONS Object Naming/Numbering System 

ONU Optical Network Unit 

OO Owner Override 

OOA Object Oriented (System) Analysis 

OOC Object Oriented Concepts 

OOC Out Of Characters (Slang) 

OOD Object Oriented Design 

OODBMS Object Oriented Database Management System 

OOE Objektorientierter Entwurf 

OOF Out Of Frame 

OOI Object Of Interest (Slang) 

OOI Object Oriented Implementation 

OOIS Object Oriented Information System 

OOK On Off Keying 

OOL Object Oriented Language 

OON Object Oriented Nonsens 

OOP Object Oriented Pleasure/Programming 

OOP Out Of Print (Slang) 

OOPL Object Oriented Programming Language 

OOPS Object Oriented Programming System 

OOPS Objext Oriented Proxy Server 

OOPS Out Of Phase Stereo 

OOPSLA Object Orientied Programming Systems, Languages and Appli 

OOSA Object-Oriented Software Architecture 

OOT Object Oriented Technology


OOTB Out Of The Box (Slang) 

OOTC Obligatory On-Topic Comment (Slang) 

OOXML Office OpenXML (Microsoft) 

OPA Old Programmers Association 

OPA Open Protocol Architecture 

OPA Overview Pac Attribute 

OPAC Online Public Access Catalogue 

OPAL Optische Anschlussleitung 

OPB On-Chip Peripheral Bus 

OPC OLE for Process Control 

OPC Optical Photo Conductor 

OPC Optical Proximity Correction 

OPC Output Control 

OPCAT Object Process CASE Tool 

OPD Oberpostdirektion 

OPD Original Point of Distribution 

OPD Output Driver 

OPEN Optical Pan-European Network 

OPI Open Prepress Interface 

OPI Operator Interface 

OPIC Open Programmable Interrupt Controller 

OPIE Open Palmtop Integrated Environment 

OPL Open Publication License 

OPM Object Process Methodology 

OPM Operations Per Minute 

OPM Output Protection Management 

OPML Outline Processor Markup Language 

OPN Open Projects Network 

OPP Open Publication Policy 

OPS Online Programming and Simulation 

OPS Open Profiling Standard 

OPSEC Open Platform for Security 

OPT Open Protocol Technology 

OPTA Onafhankelijke Post en Telecommunicatie Autoriteit (NL) 

OPUS Octal Program Updating System 

OPUS Online Publikationsverbund der Universität Stuttgart 

OPUS Overlay Peer Utility Service 

OPX Off Premises Extension 

OQL Object Query Language 

OQPSK Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

355 

OR Operations Research 

ORACLE Optional Reception of Announcement by Coded Line Electroni 

ORB Object Request Broker 

ORBL Open Relay Black List 

ORDB Open Relay Data Base 

ORG organizational; Internet-Domain: Organisationen in den USA 

ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

OROM Optical Read Only Memory 

ORP Open Router Project 

ORS Open Relay Server 

ORS Output Record Separator 

ORSN (European) Open Root Server Network 

OS Operating System 

OS Output Specification 

OSA Open Scripting/Services/Solutions/Storage/Systems Architectu 

OSA Open System Authentication 

OSA Optical Society of America 

OSACA Open System Architecture for Controls within Automation Sys 

OSADL Open Source Automation Development Laboratory 

OSAF Origin Subarea Address Field 

OSBF Open Source Business Foundation 

OSC On Scene Commander 

OSC Open System Center (IBM) 

OSC Operating System Command 

OSCAR Open System for Communication in Realtime 

OSCAR Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio 

OSCI Online Services Computer Interface 

OSD Object-based Storage Device 

OSD On Screen Display 

OSD Open Software Description (Format) 

OSD Open Source Definition 

OSDL Open Source Development Lab/Labs, Oregon 

OSE Open Systems/Software Environment 

OSF Open Software Foundation 

OSG Open Science Grid 

OSGI Open Services Gateway Initiative 

OSI Open Source Initiative 

OSI Open Systems Interconnect/Interconnection (ISO) 

OSIE Open Systems Interconnection Environment 

OSINLCP OSI Network Layer Control Protocol


OSITOP Open Systems Interconnection Technical and Office Protocols 

OSL Object Script Language 

OSL Open Subscription License 

OSM On Screen Menue 

OSM Operating System Specific/Service Module 

OSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio 

OSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio 

OSO Overscan Operation 

OSPF Open Shortest Path First (Internet) 

OSPI Operating System Programming Interface 

OSPM Operating System Power Management 

OSQL Object Structured Query Language 

OSS Object Storage Server 

OSS Open Sound System 

OSS Open Source Software/Solution 

OSS Operational/Operator Support System 

OSSO Open Source Solutions Operation (HP) 

OST Object Storage Target 

OSTA Optical Storage Technology Association 

OSTG Open Source Technology Group 

OSTM Open System Transaction Management 

OSTP Office of Science and Technology Policy 

OSU Officially Sanctionized User 

OSU Ohio/Oklahoma/Oregon/Oswego State University 

OSU On-orbit Serviceable Unit 

OSU Optical Scanning Unit 

OSVS Operating System Virtual Storage 

OT Object Technology 

OT Off Topic (Slang) 

OT Open Transport 

OT Ordering Table 

OTA Over The Air 

OTA US Congress Office of Technology Assessment 

OTD Optical Time Division 

OTDM Optical Time Division Multiplexer/Multiplexing 

OTDR Optical Time Domain Reflectometer 

OTF Open Token Foundation 

OTF Open Type Font 

OTG (USB) On The Go 

OTI Original Transmitter Identification

OTIST One Touch Intelligent Secutity Technology 

OTL Out To Lunch (Slang) 

OTM On Time Marker 

OTOH On The Other Hand (Slang) 

OTP One-Time Pad/Password/Programmable 

OTP Open Trading Protocol 

OTR One Touch Record/Recording 

OTRS Open Ticket Request System 

OTTH On The Third Hand (Slang) 

OUI Organizationally Unique Identifier 

OUM Ovonic Unified Memory 

OURS Open Users Recommended Solutions 

OV Overflow 

OVC Over-Current Protection 

OVL Over-Load Protection 

OVL Overlay 

OVP Over-Voltage Protection 

OVST Ortsvermittlungsstelle 

OVT Over-Temperature Protextion 

OWA Outlook Web Access 

OWAMP One Way Active Measurement Protocol 

OWFS Optical WORM File System 

OWG Optical Waveguide 

OWL Object/Open Windows Library 

OWL One World Language 

OWL Online Web Library 

OWL Open Wire Line 

OWL Operational Web Link 

OWL Oracle Web Listener 

OWL Web Ontology Language (sic!) 

P Packet, Personal, Power, Project, Protocol, Public 

P Polynomial time 

P2P Peer To Peer 

P2P Private To Private 

P3P Platform for Privacy/Private Preferences 

PA Percentage of Allowable Aliasing Energy 

PA Power Amplifier 

PA Preamble 

357


PA Program/Project Administrator 

PA Provider Aggregated 

PA Public Address (System) 

PAB Policy Advisory Body (Internet) 

PABX Private Access/Automatic Branch Exchange 

PAC PCI AGP Controler 

PAC Perceptual Audio Coding 

PAC Player Access Control 

PAC PPTP Access Concentrator 

PAC Privilege Attribute Certificate 

PACE Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe (PRACE) 

PACE Priority Access Control Enabled 

PACI Partnerships for Advanced Comptutational Infrastructure 

PACS Personal Access Communication System 

PACS Picture Archiving and Communications System 

PACT PBX and Computer Teaming 

PACTOR Packet Radio AMTOR 

PACX Private Automatic Computer Exchange 

PAD Packet Assembler and Dissassembler 

PAD Personal Aroma Diffusor 

PAD Personenauskunftsdatei 

PADI Packet Assembly Dissassembly 

PADI PPPoE Active Discovery Inititation 

PADI Protocol for Application Database Interface 

PADL Pattern Development Language 

PADO PADI Active Discovery 

PADO PPPoE Active Discovery Offer 

PADR PADO Active Discovery 

PADR Port A Data Register 

PADR PPPoE Active Discovery Request 

PADS Parallel And Distributed Systems 

PADS PPPoE Active Discovery Session(-confirmation) 

PADS Processing Arbitratry Data Streams 

PADS Processing of Analog and Digital Signals 

PADS Public Area Display System 

PADT PPPoE Active Discovery Terminate 

PAE Page/Physical Address Extension 

PAGSI Programme d’Action Gouvernemental pour la Societe de l’Informat 

PAID Purchasing, Accepting, Invoicing, and Disbursing System 

PAISY Payroll And Information System

359 

PAISY Personalabrechnungs- und Informationssystem 

PAK Packet (Arcnet) 

PAK Product Authorization Key 

PAL Paradox/Programming Application Language 

PAL Phase Alternating Line/Loop (TV) 

PAL Privileged Architecture Library (DEC) 

PAL Programmable Array Logic 

PAL Protocol Adaptation Layer 

PAL Prototype Access Language 

PALC Plasma Addressed Liquid Crystal (Display) 

PAM Personal Application Manager 

PAM Physical Access Method 

PAM Pluggable Authentication Module/Modules 

PAM Puls Amplitude Modulation 

PAMR Public Access Mobile Radio 

PAN Personal Area Network/Networking (Profile) 

PANU Personal Area Network Unit 

PAP Password Authentication Protocol 

PAP Point Authorization Protocol 

PAP Printer Access Protocol 

PAP Programmablaufplan 

PAP Public Access Profile 

PAPR Power Architecture Platform Reference 

PAR Positive Acknowledgement with Retransmission 

PAR Project Authorization Request (IEEE) 

PARC Palo Alto Research Center (Xerox) 

PARISC Precision Architecture Reduced Instruction Set Computer 

PARK Public Access Rights Key 

PARLE Parallel Architectures and Languages Europe 

PAS Publicly Available Specifications 

PASS Picture Archiving and Sharing Standard 

PAT Page Attribute Table 

PAT Performance Acceleration Technique (Intel) 

PAT Port Address Translation 

PAT Program Association Table 

PAT Public Access Terminal 

PATA Parallel ATA 

PATC Page Address Translation Cache 

PAX Parallel Architecture Extended 

PAX Pixel Addressing Extension


PAX Portable Archive Exchange 

PAX Public Access Xanadu 

PB Packet Bus 

PB Page Break/Buffer/Builder 

PB Pipeline/Pipelined Burst (cache) 

PB PowerBook (Macintosh) 

PB Printed Board 

PB Program Block 

PB Programs Branch 

PB Public Broadcasting 

PB Push Button 

PBA Printed Board Assembly 

PBC Peripheral Board Controller 

PBC Peripheral Bus Computer 

PBC Pipeline Burst Cache 

PBC Plain-text Block Chaining 

PBC Processor Bus Controller 

PBC Push-Button Configuration 

PBDBM Peripheral Backup Detailed Billing Control Element 

PBDU Protocol Bridge Data Unit 

PBE Prompt By Example 

PBGA Plastic Ball Grid Array 

PBM Pipelined Burst Mode 

PBM Port Bypass Module 

PBM Portable Bitmap 

PBM Position Based Multicast 

PBN Packet Based Network 

PBNAC Port Based Network Access Control 

PBNSC Peripheral Backup NSC Control Element 

PBO Paperless Business Office 

PBO Pixel Buffer Object 

PBO Port Based Object 

PBO Power Back Off 

PBO Process Before Output 

PBO Profiler Binary Output 

PBO Pseudo Boolean Optimization 

PBOS Processed Book Open Source 

PBOS Processed Book Operating System 

PBP Peer Binding Protocol 

PBU Page Buffer Unit

361 

PBX Private Branch Exchange 

PC Path Consistency/Control 

PC Personal Computer 

PC Pervasive Computing 

PC Primary Channel 

PC Program Counter 

PC Programmable Controller 

PCA Parallel Channel Adapter 

PCA Personal Client Architecture 

PCA Policy Certification Authority 

PCA Principal Component Analysis 

PCB Printed Circuit Board 

PCB Program Control Block 

PCBC Propagating Cipher Block Chaining 

PCC Papas Computer-Club 

PCC Peoples’ Computer Company 

PCC Portable C Compiler 

PCCH Physical Control Channel 

PCD Photo Compact Disc 

PCD Plasma Coupled Device 

PCD POSIX Conformance Document 

PCD Protein Coated Disc 

PCDATA Parsed Character Data 

PCE Phase Change Erasable 

PCF Packaged Collaboration File 

PCF Parallel Computing Forum 

PCF Point Coordination Function 

PCF Portable Compiled Font 

PCH Paging Channel 

PCI Payment Card Industry 

PCI Peripheral Component/Controller Interface 

PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect (Bus) 

PCI Programmable Communication Interface 

PCI Protocol Control Information 

PCIDSS Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard 

PCIE Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (Bus) 

PCIOS Processor Common Input Output System 

PCIPIO PCI Programmable Input/Output 

PCL Primary Copy Locking 

PCL Printer/Procedure/Process Control Language


PCLAN Personal Computer Local Area Network 

PCM Physical Connection Management 

PCM Plug Compatible Machine 

PCM Puls-Code-Modulation 

PCMCIA PC Memory Card International Association 

PCN Personal Communication Network 

PCNFS Personal Computer Network File System 

PCP Post’s Correspondence Problem 

PCP Probabistically Checkable Proof 

PCR Peak Cell Rate 

PCR Phase Change Recording 

PCRAM Phase Change Random Access Memory 

PCRE Perl Compatible Regular Expression 

PCS PC Service (OSF) 

PCS Personal Communication Services/System 

PCS Personal Conferencing Specification 

PCS Physical Coding Signalling/Sublayer 

PCS Pinball Construction Set 

PCS Port Concentrator Shelf 

PCS Print Contrast Signal 

PCS Probabilistic Clock Synchronization 

PCS Program Control System 

PCS Project Control System 

PCSA Personal Computing Systems Architecture (DEC) 

PCSC Personal Computer Site Coordinator 

PCSC Personal Computer Smart/Sound Card 

PCSC Personal Computer/Computing Support Center 

PCSC Personal Communications Switching Center 

PCSC Pitch Corrected Speed Control 

PCSP Partial Constraint Satisfaction Problem 

PCT Private Communication Technology 

PCTE Portable Common Tool Environment 

PCTS POSIX Conformance Test Suite 

PCTT Physical Church Turing Thesis 

PCWG Personal Conferencing Work Group 

PD Page Directory 

PD Phase Change Dual 

PD Plug + Display, P+D (Interface) 

PD Protocol Driver 

PD Public Domain

PDA Personal Digital Assistant (Apple) 

PDA Push Down Automaton 

PDAP Prospero Data Access Protocol 

PDB Process Data Base 

PDB Professional Disc for Broadcasting 

PDB Protection Database 

PDC Power Disc Cartridge 

PDC Primary Domain Controller 

PDC Professional Developer Conference 

PDC Program Development Computer/Council 

PDCH Physical Data Channel 

PDD Physical Device Driver 

PDD Portable Digital Document 

PDD Professional Disc for Data 

PDE Partial Differential Equation 

PDES Product Data Exchange Standard 

PDF POP Directional Formatting 

PDF Portable Document Format (Adobe) 

PDF Printer/Product Description File 

PDF Processor Defined Function 

PDF Program Development Facility 

PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy 

PDI Packet Driver Interface 

PDI Personal/Product Data Interchange 

PDIAL Public Dialup Internet Access List 

PDIF Product Definition Interchange Format 

PDL Page Description Language 

PDL Primary Defect List 

PDL Program Design/Description Language 

PDL Push Down List 

PDLC Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal 

PDM Product and Document Management 

PDM Product Data Management 

PDM Projekt- und Datenmanagement 

PDM Pulsdauer-Modulation 

PDN Public Data Network 

PDO Packet Data Optimized 

PDO Portable Distributed Object 

PDO Prozessdatenobjekt 

PDP Packet Data Protocol 

363


PDP Parallel Distributed Processing 

PDP Peer Dicovery Protocol 

PDP Plasma Display Panel 

PDP Policy Decision Point 

PDP Programmed Data Processor (DEC) 

PDQ Pretty Darned Quick (Slang) 

PDR Packet Drop Rate 

PDR Program Data Requirement 

PDS Packet Driver Specification 

PDS Partitioned Data Set 

PDS Processor Direct Slot (Apple) 

PDS Professional Development System 

PDS Program Design Specification 

PDS Public Domain Software 

PDSL Power Line Digital Subscriber Line 

PDSS Program/Post Development Support System 

PDT Portables Daten-Terminal 

PDT Programmable Drive Table 

PDT Produktionsdatentechnik 

PDT Propagation Delay Time 

PDTE Packet-mode DTE 

PDU Packet/Protocol Data Unit (OSI) 

PDV Path Delay Value 

PE Parity Error 

PE Periphere Einrichtung 

PE Phase Encoded/Encoding 

PE Physical Extent 

PE Processing Element 

PE Product/Professional/Project Engineer 

PE Protected Environment 

PE Protective Earth 

PE Provider Edge (device) 

PEA Pocket Ethernet Adapter 

PEAP Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol 

PEARL Process and Experiment Automation Realtime Language 

PEB Peripheral Extension Bus 

PEB Process Environment Block 

PEBKAC Problem Exists Between Keyboard And Chair (Slang) 

PEC Packet Error Checking 

PECL PHP Extension Code Libary

365 

PEG PCI Express for Graphics 

PEL Picture Element 

PEM Privacy Enhanced Mail 

PEM Privacy Enhancement for Electronic Mail 

PEN Private Enterprise Number 

PEP Packet Exchange Protocol 

PEP Packetized Ensemble Protocol 

PEP Pan European Paging 

PEP Peak Envelope Power 

PEP Point d’Echange de Proximite 

PEP Policy Enforcement Point 

PEP Protocol Extension Protocol 

PER Packet Error Rate 

PERL Practical Extraction and Report Language 

PERM Programmgesteuerte Elektronische Rechenanlage TH Münche 

PERT Program Evaluation and Review Technique 

PES Packetized Elementary Stream 

PES Position/Positioning Error Signal 

PES Processor Enhancement Socket 

PES Proposed Encryption Standard 

PET Personal Electronic Transactor (Commodore) 

PET Print Enhancement Technology 

PEX PHIGS Extension to X 

PF Packet Filter 

PF Process Flow (Analysis, Diagram) 

PF Punch Off 

PFA Power FORTRAN Accelerator 

PFA Predictive Failure Analysis 

PFB Postscript Font Binary 

PFC Power Factor Compensation/Correction 

PFD Programming Facility for Display Users 

PFF Packet Filtering Firewall 

PFIR People For Internet Responsibility 

PFM Postscript Font Metric 

PFM Pure Fantastic Magic (Slang) 

PFN Physical File Name 

PFOS Passive Fiber Optic Segment 

PFR Portable Font Resource 

PFR Power Fail Restart 

PFS Perfect Forward Secrecy


PFS Portable File System 

PFS Professional File system (Amiga) 

PFTP Passive FTP 

PFTP Port File Transfer Program 

PFW Personal Firewall 

PFY Pimply-Faced Youth (BOFH’s assistant) 

PG Program/Programme 

PG Project Gutenberg 

PGA Pin Grid Array 

PGA Professional Graphics Adapter 

PGA Program Global Area 

PGC Program Chain 

PGE PTE Global Flag 

PGI Parameter Group Identifier 

PGL Peer Group Leader 

PGL Professional Games League 

PGM Portable Gray Map 

PGM Pragmatic General Multicast (protocol) 

PGML Precision Graphics Markup Language 

PGO Profile Guided Optimization 

PGN Portable Game Notation 

PGP Pretty Good Privacy/Piracy/Protection 

PH Packet Handler 

PH Polynomial Hierarchy 

PHB Per Hop Behaviour 

PHCB Page Header Control Bit 

PHIGS Programmers Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System 

PHOTON Paneuropean Photonic Transport Overlay Network 

PHP Personal Home Page (Tools) 

PHP PHP Hypertext Preprocessor 

PHS Personal Handy-Phone System 

PHY Physical Access 

PHY Physical Layer Protocol 

PI Page Impression 

PI Parameter Identifier 

PI Partial Interchangeability 

PI Profibus International 

PI Program Identification/Interruption 

PI Protection Index 

PIA Peripheral Interface Adapter

367 

PIA Privacy Impact Assessment 

PIC Picture File 

PIC Platform for Internet Content 

PIC Position Independent Code 

PIC Primary Interexchange Carrier 

PIC Priority/Programmable Interrupt Controller 

PIC Programmable Integrated Circuit 

PIC Programmable Interconnection 

PIC Programmable Interrupt Controller 

PICA Personal Internet Client Architecture 

PICMG PCI Industrial Computers Manufacturers Group 

PICS Platform for Internet Content Selection 

PICS Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement 

PICS Protocol Interoperability Conformance Statment 

PID Persistant/Personal/Protocol Identifier 

PID Privater Informationsdienst 

PID Process/Protocol Identifier (Identification Number) 

PIE Persistent Identification Element 

PIE Position Independent Executable 

PIF Parity Inner Fails/Failures 

PIF Postscript Interchange Format 

PIF Program Information File (Microsoft) 

PIFS Point Coordination/PCF Inter Frame Space 

PIG Pathologischer Internet-Gebrauch 

PII Personally Identifiable Information 

PIK Programmer’s Imaging Kernel 

PIL Python Imaging Library 

PIM Personal Information Manager/Management 

PIM Port Interface Module 

PIM Processor In Memory 

PIM Protocol Independent Multicasting 

PIMF Pair In Metal Foil (cable) 

PIMS Project Information Management System 

PIN Persönliche Identifikations-Nummer 

PIN Processor Independent NetWare 

PIN Program Item Number 

PINET Physics Information Network 

PING Packet Internet Groper 

PINT Phone IP Internetworking (Services) 

PINT PSTN and Internet Internetworking


PINX Private Integrated Services Network Exchange 

PIO Parallel/Programmable/Programmed Input/Output (Chip) 

PIOFS Parallel I/O File System 

PIP P-Internet-Protocol 

PIP Path Independent Protocol 

PIP Peer Information Protocol 

PIP Periodical Informational Posting 

PIP Peripheral Interchange Program 

PIP Picture in Picture 

PIP Process Improvement Proposal 

PIPI Packet Interchange Protocol Instruction 

PIPO Parallel In, Parallel Out 

PIR Private Information Retrieval 

PIR Public Internet Registry 

PIS Personal-Informations-System 

PIS Premium Information Service 

PISS Public Information System Specialist 

PIT Programmable Interval Timer 

PITA Pine In The Ass (Slang) 

PITAC President’s Information Technology Advisory Committee 

PITR Point-In-Time Recovery 

PIU Path Information Unit 

PIU Pathological Internet Use 

PIW Photo Imaging Workstation 

PIXEL Picture Element 

PIXIT Protocol Implementation Extra Informations for Testing 

PJL Printer Job Language 

PK Primary Key 

PKC Public Key Cryptography 

PKCS Public Key Cryptography Standards (Group) 

PKI Philips Kommunikationsindustrie AG 

PKI Personal/Public Key Infrastructure 

PKV Privatkundenvertrieb (Telekom) 

PKZ Personenkennziffer 

PL Payload Length 

PL Physical Layer 

PL Presentation Layer 

PL Private Line 

PL Programming Language 

PLA Partial Look Ahead

369 

PLA Programmable Logic Array 

PLATO Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations 

PLB Personal Locator Beacon 

PLB Processor Local Bus 

PLC Packet Loss Concealment 

PLC Power Line Communication/Converter 

PLC Product Lifecycle (Management) 

PLC Programmable Logic Controller 

PLCC Plastic Leadless Chip Carrier 

PLCE Peripheral and Loading Control Element 

PLCP Physical Layer Convergence Protocol 

PLD Programmable Logic Device 

PLE Programmable Logic Element 

PLEDM Phase-state Low Electron Drive Memory 

PLIC Programmable Logic Integrated Circuit 

PLID Plugin Identifier 

PLIP Parallel Line Internet Protocol 

PLL Permanent Logical Link 

PLL Phase Locked Loop 

PLM Product Lifecycle Management 

PLM Programming Language for Microcomputers 

PLMN Public Land Mobile Network 

PLP Packet Layer Protocol 

PLP Perl Page 

PLP Personal License Password 

PLP Portable Line Printer (spooler system) 

PLP Presentation Level Protocol 

PLR Packet Lost Ratio 

PLS Physical Layer Signaling 

PLS Programmable Logic Sequencer 

PLSI Programmable Large Scale Integration 

PLT Power Line Telecommunication 

PLT Procedure Linkage Table 

PLUMPS Public Long-distance Unified Mail Provider Service/System 

PLV Presentation/Production Level Video 

PLZ Postleitzahl 

PM Performance Management 

PM Phasenmodulation 

PM Physical Modeling 

PM Power Management


PM Presentation Manager (IBM) 

PM Preventive Maintenance 

PM Private Mail 

PM Problem/Process/Project Management 

PM Protected Mode 

PMA Parked Member Addressing (Bluetooth) 

PMA Performance Management and Accounting 

PMA Physical Medium Attachment 

PMA Program Area 

PMAC Parallelizable Message Authentication Code 

PMAC Programmable Multi Axis Controller 

PMAP Port Mapper 

PMC Physical Media Components Sublayer 

PMC Programmable Machine Controller 

PMD Packet Mode Data 

PMD Physical Medium Dependence/Dependent (Layer) 

PMD Polarization Mode Dispersion 

PME Pattern Matching Engine 

PME Power Management Event 

PMETC Pardon Me, etc. (Slang) 

PMFJIB Pardon Me For Jumping In But (Slang) 

PMI Product Manufacturing Information 

PMK Pairwise Master Key 

PML Programmable Macro Logic 

PMMU Paged Memory Management Unit 

PMOS p-Channel MOS (Transistor) 

PMP Point to Multi Point 

PMP Process Management Portal 

PMP Protected Media Path 

PMPO Peak Music Power Output 

PMR Perpendicular Magnetic Recording 

PMR Private Mobile Radio 

PMS Pantone Matching System (Colours) 

PMS Password Management System 

PMS Printer Management Software 

PMT Program Map Table 

PMTMR Power Management Timer 

PMTU Path Maximum Transfer Unit 

PMW Project Manager Workbench 

PMX Presentation Manager for X

371 

PMXAS Primär-Multiplex-Anschluss (ISDN) 

PN Part/Path Number 

PN Phase Noise 

PN Punch On 

PNA Parallel Network Architecture 

PNA Personal Navigation Assistant 

PNC Paging Network Controller 

PNCP Peripheral Network Control Point 

PND Personennamendatei 

PND Portable Navigation Device 

PNG Portable Network Graphic 

PNNI Private Network/Node to Network Interface 

PNO Profibus-Nutzer Organisation 

PNO Public Network Operator 

PNP Positive Negative Positive (Transistor) 

PNP Plug and Play/Pray 

PNR Passenger Name Record 

PNS Post’s Normal System 

PNS PPTP Network Server 

PNW Personal NetWare (Novell) 

PO Paper Out, Parity Odd 

POA Post Office Agent 

POB Post Office Box 

POC Phase-only Correlation 

POC Planned Organizational Change 

POC Point Of Call/Communication/Consistency/Contact 

POC Policy Oversight Committee (Internet) 

POC Portable Object Compiler 

POC Post Operative Constipation 

POC Power Converter 

POC Processor Outage Control 

POC Proof Of Concept 

POC Purchase Order Change 

POC Push-to-Talk Over Cellular (Phone) 

POCE Pantone Open Color Environment 

POCSAG Post Office Standardisation Advisory Group 

POD Piece Of Data 

POD Ping Of Death 

POD Plain Old Data/Documentation 

POD Point Of Demarcation/Deployment/Distribution


POD Pop-up Directory 

POD Print/Printing/Publishing On Demand 

POD Processing Of Data 

POD Project Overview Document 

POD Protocol Object Device 

PODA Priority-Oriented Demand Assignment 

POE Power Open Environment (IBM) 

POE Power Over Ethernet 

POEM Portable Object-oriented Entity Manager 

POET Persistent Objects and Extended Database Technology 

POET Partially Overlapped Echo Cancelled Transmission 

POF Parity Outer Fails/Failures 

POF Plastic/Polymer Optical Fiber 

POH Path Section Overhead 

POH Power-on Hours 

POI Path Overhead Indicator 

POI Point Of Information/Interaction/Interconnection/Interest 

POL Point of Learning 

POL Problem Oriented Language 

POM Persistant Object Manager 

POM Project Object Model 

PON Passive Optical Network 

POP Point of Presence/Purchase 

POP Post Office Protocol (Internet) 

POP Probability Of Plagiarism 

POPO Post Office Protocol Object/Operator 

POPS Performance Optimized Page Size 

POR Pacific Ocean Region 

POR Power-on Reset 

POS Persistant Object Service/Simple 

POS Personal Operating Space 

POS Pivoting Optical Servo 

POS Point of Sale 

POSE Portable Operating System Extension 

POSI Promotion Conference for OSI, Japan 

POSIX Portable Operating System Interface for Computer Systems/UNIX 

POST Power-on Self Test 

POT Portable Object Template/Translation 

POTS Plain Old Telephone Service/System 

POV Persistence Of Vision

373 

POV Point Of View (Slang) 

POWER Performance Optimization/Optimized With Enhanced RISC (I 

PP Peering Point 

PP Physical Partition 

PP Portable Part 

PP Predictive Pipelining 

PP Protection Profile 

PPA Print Performance Architecture (HP) 

PPB Paced Packet Batch 

PPC Pay Per Click 

PPC Personal Productivity Center 

PPC Physical Presence Command 

PPC Power PC 

PPC Production Planning and Control 

PPCS Phoenix Page Control System 

PPD Postscript Printer Description (Adobe) 

PPDS Personal Printer Data Stream 

PPF Plain Paper Fax 

PPF Print Production Format 

PPGA Platic Pin Grid Array 

PPH Pages per Hour 

PPI pixels per inch 

PPI Programmable Peripheral Interface 

PPID Parent Process Identification Number 

PPL Point-to-Point/Process-to-Process Link 

PPM Parts per Mille 

PPM Pages per Minute 

PPM Perl Package Manager 

PPM Portable Pixmap 

PPM Post Programmable Memory 

PPM Prediction by Partial Matching 

PPM Process Performance Manager 

PPM Pulse Position Modulation 

PPN Private Packet Network 

PPP Point-to-Point Protocol (Internet) 

PPPOE Point-to-Point Protocol Over Ethernet 

PPRC Peer-to-Peer Remote Copy 

PPS Point of Presence Server 

PPS Precise Positioning Service/System 

PPS Production Planning System


PPS Programming Procedures and Standards 

PPS Pulse Per Second 

PPTP Point to Point Tunneling Protocol 

PPU Physics Processing Unit 

PPUC Probably Permanently Under Construction (Web, Slang) 

PQET Print Quality Enhancement Technology 

PQN Prefix Query Notation 

PR Pacing Response 

PR Packet Radio 

PR Page Rank 

PR Path Replacement 

PR Perpendicular Recording 

PR Primitive Recursive (function) 

PR Public Relations 

PRA Primary Rate Access 

PRA Purported Responsible Address 

PRACE Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe (PACE) 

PRAM Parallel/Perimeter/Phase Change Random Access Memory 

PRCS Project Revision Control System 

PRD Program Requirements Document 

PRDMD Private Directory Management Domain 

PRE Partial Redundancy Elimination 

PREP PowerPC Reference Platform 

PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency 

PRI Primary Rate Interface (ISDN) 

PRIG Packet Radio Interest Group 

PRISM Parallel Reduced Instruction Set Multiprocessor 

PRISM Publishing Requirements for Industry Standard Metadata 

PRMD Private Management Domain (X.400) 

PRML Partial Response Maximum Likelihood 

PRMS Problem Report Management System 

PRN Packet Radio Network 

PRN Permanent/Pseudo Random Number 

PRN Printer 

PRN Pseudo Random Noise (GPS) 

PRNET Packet Radio Network 

PRNG Pseudo Random Number Generator 

PRO Precision RISC Organization 

PROFS Professional Office System (IBM) 

PROLOG Programming in Logic

375 

PROM Programmable Read Only Memory 

PRP Peer Resolver Protocol 

PRQ Preisrequest 

PRS Print Management Service (OSF) 

PRTI Professional Realtime Interface 

PS Packet Switch 

PS Personal System (IBM) 

PS (Adobe) PostScript 

PS Power Supply 

PS Privilege Service 

PS Program Service Name 

PS Program Stream 

PS Proportional Spacing 

PSA Physical Sector Address 

PSABI Processor Specific Application Binary Interface 

PSAP Public Safety Answering Point 

PSB Path State Block 

PSC Physical Signaling Components Sublayer 

PSC Pittsburgh Supercomputer Center 

PSC Print Scan Copy 

PSC Product Service Center 

PSCN Program Support Communications Network 

PSCT Polymer Stabilized Cholesteric Texture (Display) 

PSD Page Setup Dialogue 

PSD Platform Specific Driver 

PSD Power Saving Drive 

PSD Power Spectral/Spectrum Density 

PSDS Power Spectral/Spectrum Density Shaping 

PSDN Packet/Public Switched/Switching Data/Digital Network 

PSE Packet Switching Exchange 

PSE Page Size Extension 

PSE Path Switching Element 

PSE Personal Security Environment 

PSE Personen-Such-Einrichtung 

PSE Port Switched Ethernet 

PSF PC Screen Font 

PSF Permanent Swap File 

PSFQ Pump Slowly, Fetch Quickly 

PSI Packetnet System Interface 

PSI Postscript Interpreter


PSK Phase Shift Keying 

PSK Pre-Shared Key 

PSL Problem Statement Language 

PSN Packet Switch Node 

PSN Processor Serial Number 

PSNR Peak Signal to Noise Ratio 

PSO Protocol Supporting Organization 

PSP (Corel) Paint Shop Pro 

PSP Pascal/Python Server Pages 

PSP Personal Software Process 

PSP Program Segment Prefix 

PSP Programmable Signal Processor 

PSP Projektstrukturplan 

PSPDN Packet Switched Public Data Network 

PSR Parallel/Processor/Project Software 

PSR Phase Shift Resistivity 

PSR Physical Storage Resource 

PSR Power/Processor/Program State/Status Register 

PSR Prescaler Select Register 

PSR Priority Service Request 

PSR Program Support Requirements 

PSR Programmable Scanner 

PSR Project Status Report 

PSRAM Pseudo Static Random Access Memory 

PSS Private Signalling System 

PSSC Preliminary System Security Concept 

PST Pre-Structured Technology 

PSTN Public Switched/Switching Telephone Network 

PSU Page Storage Unit 

PSU Power Supply Unit 

PSW Program Status Word 

PSYC Protocol for Synchronous Conferencing 

PT Packet/Payload Type 

PT Page Table 

PT Payload Type 

PTAL Payment Transaction Application Layer 

PTB Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig 

PTBR Page Table Base Register 

PTBT Prime Times, Bad Times 

PTBT Probabilistic Timed Behaviour Tree

377 

PTD Parallel Transfer Disk Drive 

PTE Page Table Entry 

PTF Program Temporary Fix 

PTF Pthread Framework 

PTI Payload Type Identifier/Indicator 

PTMP Point To Multi Point (Connection) 

PTMSC Point To Multipoint Service Centre 

PTN Plant Test Number 

PTO Patent and Trademark Office, USA 

PTO Please Turn Over (Slang) 

PTO Public Telecommunication Network Operator 

PTP Point To Point (Connection) 

PTR Pointer Record (DNS) 

PTS Post- och Telestyrelsen 

PTS Presentation Time Stamp 

PTS Problem Tracking System 

PTSE PNNI Topology State Element 

PTT Post, Telephon, Telegraph 

PTT Push To Talk (key) 

PTY Program Type 

PTZ Posttechnisches Zentralamt, Darmstadt 

PU Physical/Processing Unit 

PUC Public Utility Commission 

PUI Picoscopic User Interface 

PUK Personal Unblocking Key 

PUL Packet Underway Limit 

PUMA Protected User-Mode Audio 

PUO Prohibited User Operation 

PUP PARC Universal Packet (Protocol) 

PUP Product Upgrade 

PUPA Preliminary Universal Programming Architexture (for GRUB) 

PUPM Price per User Per Month 

PUPS PDP UNIX Preservation Society 

PURL Persistent Uniform Resource Locator 

PUS Potenziell unerwünschte (unwanted) Software 

PUS Processor Upgrade Socket 

PV paketvermittelt 

PV Physical Volume 

PVA Patterned Vertical Alignment (panel) 

PVC Permanent Virtual Channel/Circuit/Connection


PVFS Parallel Virtual File System 

PVM Parallel/Passthru Virtual Machine (IBM) 

PVN Private/Programmable Virtual Network 

PVP Protected Video Path 

PVR Permanent Virtual Route 

PVR Personal Video Recorder 

PVR Physical Volume Repository 

PVRA Physical Volume Reserved Area 

PVS Potentially Visible Set 

PVS Professional Vision Services 

PVT Position, Velocity, Time (GPS) 

PVV Path Variability Value 

PW Pseudo Wire 

PWB Printed Wire Board 

PWB Programmer’s Workbench 

PWI Public Windows Initiative/Interface 

PWL Password List 

PWM Pulse Width Modulation, Pulsweitenmodulation 

PWP Phase Wobble Prepit 

PWR Power (Saft) 

PWS Personal Workstation 

PWSCS Programmable Workstation Communication Services 

PXE Preboot Execution Environment 

PXI PCI Extension for Instrumentation 

PXISA PXI Systems Alliance 

PZF Pseudozufallsfolge 

PZM Punkt-zu-Mehrpunkt (-Verbindung, ISDN) 

PZP Punkt-zu-Punkt (-Verbindung, ISDN) 

Q Quality, Query, Queue 

QA Quality Assurance/Audit 

QA Query Analyser 

QA Questions and Answers, Q&A 

QAM Quadraturamplitudenmodulation 

QARE Quick Agent Runtime Environment 

QAWN QoS in Ad hoc Wireless Networks 

QBE Query By Example 

QBF Query By Forms 

QBIC Query by Image Content

379 

QBM Quad Band Memory 

QCA Quantum-dot Cellular Automaton 

QCB Queue Control Block 

QCIF Quarter Common Intermediate Format 

QD Quad Density, Quick Disconnection 

QDL Quadri Data Layer 

QDR Quad Data Rate 

QES Qualifizierte elektronische Signatur 

QFA Quick File Access 

QFD Quality Function Deployment 

QFP Quadratic Flatpack 

QFP Questions Frequent/Frequemment Posees 

QFT Queued File Transport 

QIAM Queued Indexed Access Method 

QIC Quality Insurance Chain 

QIC Quarter Inch Cartridge/Committee 

QID Quanteninformationsdynamik 

QISAM Queued Index Sequential Access Method 

QL Query Language 

QLLC Qualified Logical Link Control 

QLP Query Language Processor 

QM Quality Management 

QMF Query Management Facility 

QMR Quarterly Maintenance Release 

QMS Quality Management System 

QMTP Quick Mail Transfer Protocol 

QNN Quantum Neural Network 

QOS Quality of Service 

QPI QuickPath Interconnect/Interface 

QPL Q Public License (Trolltech) 

QPL Quantum/Questionaire Programming Language 

QPSK Quadrature/Quaternary Phase Shift Keying 

QRI Queue Response Indicator 

QRSS Quasi Random Signal Source 

QS Qualitätssicherung 

QSA Qt Script for Applications 

QSAM Queued Sequential Access Method 

QSDPCM Quadtree-strukturierte Differenz-Puls-Code-Modulation 

QSIG Quersignalisierung 

QSIG Unified International Corporate Network Signalling Standard


QSMTP Queued SMTP 

QSND Queue Send (command) 

QST Calling All Stations (not an acronym) 

QST Qualified Software Tester 

QST Qualitäts- und Sicherheitstechnik 

QST Quick Start Tutorial 

QST Quiet System Technology (Intel) 

QTAM Queued Teleprocessing Access Method 

QTD Quote of The Day 

QTML Quicktime Media Layer 

QUED Quick Editor 

QUIP Query Interactive Processor 

QUISAM Queued Index Sequential Access Method 

QWERTY (US Typewriter Layout) 

QWERTZ (German Typewriter Layout) 

QXML QuarkXPress Markup Language 

R Radio, Real, Receive, Reference, Remote 

RA Radiocommunications Agency 

RA Random Availability 

RA Receiver Address 

RA Regulärer Ausdruck 

RA Repository Access 

RA Return Authorization 

RA Router Advertisement 

RAB RAID Advisory Board 

RAC Radio Amateurs of/du Canada 

RAC Real Application Cluster (Oracle) 

RAC Remote Access Concentrator 

RACE Research And Development in Advanced Communication Technolo 

RACE Row-based ASCII Compatible Encoding 

RACF Resource Access Control Facility (IBM) 

RACH Random Access Channel 

RACKS Reusable Application Interface for Communicating Real-Time Ker 

RACON Radar Beacon 

RAD Rapid Application Development 

RADAR Radio Detecting and Ranging 

RADB Routing Arbiter Data Base 

RADIUS Remote Access/Authentication Dial-In User Service

381 

RADSL Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line 

RAEBNC Read And Enjoyed, But No Comment (Slang) 

RAG Row Address Generator 

RAI Remote Alarm Indication 

RAID Redundant Array of Inexpensive/Independent Discs 

RAK Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung 

RAL Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK 

RALU Register Arithmetic Logic Unit 

RAM Random Access Machine/Memory 

RAM Rate Adaptive Mode 

RAM Rechargeable Alcali Mangan (battery) 

RAMDAC Random Access Memory Digital Analog Converter 

RAMP Remote Access Maintenance Protocol 

RAMPS Reliability, Availability, Manageability, Performance, Serviceab 

RAND Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory (License) 

RAO Remote Access Outsourcing 

RAOLSR Radio Aware Optimized Link State Routing 

RAP Radio Local Loop Access Profile 

RAP Rapid Application Prototyping 

RAP Rogue Access Point 

RAP Route Access Protocol 

RAP Roving Analysis Port 

RAR Roshal Archiver 

RARE Reseaux Associes pour la Recherche Europeenne 

RARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (Internet) 

RAS Random Access Storage 

RAS Registration, Admission, and Status 

RAS Reliability, Availability and Serviceability 

RAS Remote Access Server/Service 

RAS Row Address Select/Strobe 

RASMED Redundant Array of Slightly More Expensive Disks 

RAST Receive and Send Terminal 

RASUM Reliability, Availability, Serviceability, Usability, Manageabilit 

RATP Reliable Asychronous Transfer Protocol (Internet) 

RATS Radio Amateur Telecommunications Society 

RATS Rough Auditing Tool for Security 

RAVE Renderer Acceleration Virtual Machine 

RAW Read After Write 

RBAC Role Based Access Control 

RBAM Remote Batch Access Method


RBBS Remote Bulletin Board System 

RBER Residual Bit Error Rate 

RBL Realtime/Remote Black/Blackhole List 

RBM Rule Base Memory 

RBOC Regional Bell Operating Company 

RBS Reference Broadcast Synchronization 

RBW Resolution Bandwidth 

RBW Reverse Band Working 

RBW Roll Back Version 

RC Reaction Controller 

RC Receive Common 

RC Receiver Clock 

RC Reconfigurable Computing 

RC Release Candidate/Critical 

RC Replica Catalog 

RC Rivest Cipher 

RC Run Command 

RCA Radio Corporation of Amerika, USA 

RCA Ripple Carry Adder 

RCB Release Critical Bug 

RCC Radio Common Carrier 

RCC Reduced Complexity Computer 

RCC Remote Cluster Controller 

RCC Rescue Coordination Centre 

RCC Routing Control Center/Channel 

RCD Recordable Compact Disc 

RCDATA Replaceable Character Data 

RCE Region Code Enhancement 

RCE Revision Control Engine 

RCEVH Research Centre for the Education of the Visually Handicapped 

RCF Registration Confirmation 

RCLK Rack Clock 

RCP Radio Control Protocol 

RCP Reality Immersion Coprocessor 

RCP Retransmission Control Procedure 

RCS Record Communication Switching System 

RCS Resource Construction Set 

RCS Revision Control System 

RCS Rights Control System 

RCU Read, Copy, Update

383 

RCV Receive 

RD Receive Data 

RD Recursive Design 

RD Request Disconnect 

RD Resource Discovery 

RD Route Distinguisher 

R&D Research and Development 

RDA Remote Data/Database Access 

RDAT Rotary Digital Audio Tape 

RDB Receive Data Buffer 

RDB Relational Database 

RDBMS Relationales Datenbank-Management-System 

RDC Remote Dual Copy 

RDCCG Regional Data and Computing Center Germany, Karlsruhe 

RDD Replaceable Database Driver 

RDE Ruby Development Environment 

RDF Resource Definition/Description Format/Framework 

RDH RSA DES Hybrid 

RDL Register Description Language 

RDMA Remote Direct Memory Access 

RDN Relative Distinguished Name 

RDO Remote Data Object 

RDOS Real-time Disk Operating System 

RDP Reliable Datagram Protocol (Internet) 

RDP Remote Desktop Protocol 

RDR Rijksdienst voor Radiocommunicatie 

RDRAM Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory 

RDRN Rapidly Deployable Radio Network 

RDS Radio Data System 

RDS Rapid Development System 

RDS Remote Data Services 

RDS Resolver Discovery Service 

RDSL Rate-adaptive/Residential/Reverse Digital Subscriber Line 

RDSR Receiver Data Service Request 

RDSS Radio Determination Satellite Services 

RDST Rotating Head Digital Storage Tape 

RDTSC Read Time Stamp Counter 

RE Recall 

RE Regular Expression 

RE Report Engine


RE Recursively Enumerable 

RE Reverse Engineering 

REACH Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of Chemicals 

READSL2 Reach Enhanced ADSL2 

RED Random Early Detection 

REG Regular Languages 

REGTP Regulierungsbehörde für Telekommunikation und Post 

REJ Reject 

REKO Reparatur-Konzept (Swisscom) 

REL Rights Expression Language 

REM Remark 

REM Remote 

REM Reseau d’Enseignement Multimedia 

REM Ring Error Monitor 

REO Removable Erasable Optical Disk 

REP Reply to Message Number 

REP Robots Exclusion Protocol 

REQ Request 

RES Radio Equipment and Systems 

RES Remote Execution Server/Service 

RES Reset, Restore 

RES Rotation Error Signal 

REST Representational State Transfer 

RESV RSVP Reservation Request 

RET Resolution Enhancement Technology (HP) 

REXX Restructured Extended Executor (IBM) 

RF Radio Frequency 

RF Relevance Feedback 

RF Remote File 

RF Royalty Free (License) 

RFA Remote File Access 

RFA Request For Adoption (Debian) 

RFB Remote Frame Buffer 

RFC Remote Function Call 

RFC Request For Comments (Internet) 

RFC Response For a Class 

RFD Request For Discussion (Usenet) 

RFE Radio Free Ethernet 

RFE Request For Enhancement 

RFH Remote Frame Handler

385 

RFI Radio Frequency Interference 

RFI Request For Information 

RFID Radio Frequency Identification 

RFLA Real Full Look Ahead 

RFNM Ready/Request For Next Message 

RFP Radio Fixed Parts 

RFP Request For Packaging (Debian) 

RFP Request For Proposal 

RFQ Request For Quotation/Quote 

RFS Remote File Sharing/System 

RFS Remote Forensic Software 

RFT Request For Technology (OSF) 

RFT Revisable Format Text 

RFU Reserved for Future Use 

RG Radio Guide (coax cables) 

RGB Rot (Red), Grün (Green), Blau (Blue) (Farbmodell) 

RGBA Rot (Red), Grün (Green), Blau (Blue), Alpha (Farbmodell) 

RGDI Renaissance Graphics Device Interface 

RGP Raster Graphics Processor 

RG/U Radio Guide/Utility (Kabel) 

RH Request/Response Header 

RH Registration Hierarchy 

RHAD Red Hat Advanced Development (Laboratories) 

RHC Regional (Bell) Holding Company 

RHCE Red Hat Certified Engineer 

RHCS Red Hat Cluster Suite 

RHEL Red Hat Enterprise Linux 

RHN Red Hat Network 

RHNT Registration Hierarchical Name Tree 

RHOB Relevant Hierarchical Operational Binding 

RHS Right Hand Side 

RHSA Red Hat Security Advisory 

RI Referential Integrity 

RI Ring In/Indicator 

RIA Red Ink Award 

RIA Rich Internet Application(s) 

RIA Robot Institute of America 

RIAA Recording Industry Association of America 

RIAS Rundfunk Im Amerikanischen Sektor, Berlin 

RIB RenderMan Interface Bytestream


RIB Routing Information Base 

RIC Radio Identify Code 

RID Relative Identifier 

RID Retinal Imaging Display 

RIF Radio/Renderman Interface 

RIF Record Identifier 

RIF Regional/Resource Information 

RIF Resource Interchange File 

RIF Routing Information Field/Frame 

RIF Rule Information 

RIF Rule Interchange Format 

RIFF Resource Interchange File Format 

RII Ring/Routing Information Indicator 

RIM Records and Information Management 

RIM Remote Installation and Maintenace 

RIM Request Initialization Mode 

RIMM Rambus In-line Memory Module 

RIMS Ranging Integrity Monitoring Station 

RIP Raster Image Processor 

RIP Request In Progress 

RIP Routing Information Protocol 

RIP Remote Image/Imaging Protocol/Processing 

RIPE Reseaux IP Europeenne 

RIPL Remote Initial Program Loading 

RIPNG Routing Information Protocol Next Generation 

RIPSO Revised Internet Protocol Security Option 

RIR Regional Internet Registry 

RIS Remote Installation Services 

RISC Reduced Instruction Set Code/Computer 

RITA Reduced Interim Type Approval 

RITA Reliable Internetwork Troubleshooting Agent 

RJ Registered Jack 

RJE Remote Job Entry (IBM) 

RJS Remote Job Service 

RKE Remote Keyless Entry 

RKO Root Key Operator 

RL Real Life (Slang) 

RL Reconfigurable Logic 

RL Remote Loopback 

RLC Radio Link Control

RLC Run Length Coding 

RLE Research Laboratory of Electronics 

RLE Run Length Encoded/Encoding 

RLF Reverse Line Feed 

RLG Research Libraries Group 

RLIN Research Libraries Information Network (RLG) 

RLL Radio in the Local Loop 

RLL Row Level Locking 

RLL Run Length Limited 

RLM Receiver-driven Layered Multicast 

RLM Robotic Library Manager 

RLM Robust Linear Model 

RLMT Redundant Link Management Technology 

RLN Remote LAN Node 

RLP Radio Link Protocol 

RLP Resource Location Protocol 

RLS Remote Learning System 

RLSD Received Line Signal Detected 

RLV Ringleitungsverteiler 

RM Reference Model 

RM Resource Management 

RM Retention Module 

RMA Rate Monotonic Analysis 

RMA Remote Memory Access 

RMC Radio Monte Carlo 

RMC Rambus Memory Controller 

RMC Resource Monitoring and Control 

RMF Remote Management Facility 

RMI Remote Method Invocation 

RMII Reduced Media Independent Interface 

RMOA Realtime Multimedia Over ATM 

RMON Remote (Network) Monitoring 

RMP Radio Management Panel 

RMP Random Match Probability 

RMP Reliable Multicast Protocol 

RMP Remote Maintenance Panel/Processor 

RMP Resource Management Plan/Program/Project 

RMS RAID Management Software 

RMS Rate Monotonic Scheduling 

RMS Reason Maintenance System 

387


RMS Record/Resource Management Services/System 

RMS Replica Management System 

RMS Richard Matthew Stallman 

RMS Root Mean Square 

RMT Reliable Multicast Transport 

RMT Ring Management 

RNA Remote Network Access 

RNA Rufnummernanzeige 

RNARS Royal Navy Amateur Radio Society 

RNC Radio Network Controller 

RNG Random Number Generator 

RNI Reseau National d’Interconnexion de Renater 

RNIS Reseau Numerique a Integration de Services 

RNR Receive Not Ready (frame) 

RNRT Reseau National de Recherche en Telecommunications 

RNSI Remote Node Service for ISDN 

RO Read Only 

RO Ring Out 

ROADS Resource Organization And Discovery in Subject-based services 

ROADS Running Out of Address Space 

ROBO Remote Office Branch Office 

ROC Restricted Operators Certificate 

RODPO Reading on Demand - Paper Option (vulgo Buch) 

ROFBTC Rolling On the Floor Biting The Carpet (Slang) 

ROFL Rolling On the Floor Laughing (Slang) 

ROFLASTC Rolling On the Floor Laughing And Scaring The Cat (Slang) 

ROFLMAO Rolling On The Floor Laughing My Ass Off (Slang) 

ROHC Robust Header Compression 

ROHS Restriction Of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in Electric 

ROI Rectangle/Region Of Interest 

ROI Return Of Investment 

ROKSO Register Of Known Spam Operations 

ROLAP Relational Online Analytical Processing 

ROLZ Reduced Offset Lempel Ziv (Algorithmus) 

ROM RAID On the Motherboard 

ROM Read Only Memory 

RONJA Reasonable Optical Near Joint Access 

ROP RISC Operation 

ROPES Rapid Object Oriented Process for Embedded Systems 

ROPS Remote Operations Service

389 

ROS Record On Silicon 

ROS Remote Operation Service 

ROS Resident Operating System 

ROSA Receive Only Satellite Antenna 

ROSE RATS Open System Environment 

ROSE Research Open Systems for Europe 

ROSE Remote Operations Service Element/Entity 

ROTD Release Of The Day 

ROTFL Rolling On The Floor Laughing (Slang) 

ROW Rest Of the World 

RP Radio Paging 

RP Randomized Polynomial time 

RP Rendezvous Point 

RPA Remote Passphrase Authentication 

RPB Radio-Praktiker-Bücherei 

RPB Reverse Path Broadcasting 

RPC Radio Paging Call 

RPC Regional Playback Control 

RPC Remote Procedure Call 

RPC Root Path Cost 

RPD Rapid Prototyping Development 

RPDB Routing Policy Database 

RPDFP Remote Physical Device Finger Printing 

RPELPC Regular Pulse Excited Linear Predictive Coder 

RPELTP Regular Pulse Excitation with Long-Term Prediction Loop 

RPF Reverse Path Forwarding 

RPG Record Program Generator (IBM) 

RPL Requested Privilege Level 

RPL Resident Programming Language 

RPM Radio Packet Modem 

RPM Rapid Prototyping Module 

RPM Red Hat Package Manager 

RPM Revolutions per minute 

RPN Reverse Polish Notation 

RPPROM Reprogrammable PROM 

RPS Redundant Power Supply 

RPS Remote Procedure Services 

RPSL Routing Policy Specification Language 

RPSU Redundant Power Supply Unit 

RPU Ray Processing Unit


RQBE Relational Query By Example 

RQST Request 

RR Radio Regulations 

RR Real Reality 

RR Receive/Receiver Ready 

RR Resource Record (DNS) 

RR Round Robin 

RRA Remote Record Access 

RRAS Routing and Remote Access Service 

RRC Radio Resource Control 

RRD Round Robin Database 

RRG Reichsrundfunkgesellschaft 

RRI Resource Recovery Interface 

RRIP Rock Ridge Interchange Protocol 

RRJ Registration Reject 

RRLP Radio Resource LCS Protocol 

RRO Radial Run Out 

RRP Registry Registrar Protocol 

RRQ Registration Request 

RRT Radar Range Tracking 

RRT Radio Receiver Transmitter 

RRT Radio Relay Terminal 

RRT Random/Randomized Response Technique 

RRT Range Router Table 

RRT Rapid Reprogramming Terminal 

RRT Recommended Replacement Time 

RRT Request Response Trace 

RRT Routing Request Timer 

RRZN Regionales Rechenzentrum Niedersachsen, Hannover 

RS Reader Stop 

RS Recommended Standard 

RS Record Separator 

RS Reed Solomon (Code) 

RS Registry Service 

RS Request to Send 

RS Route Server 

RS Router Solicitation 

RS232 Recommended Standard 232 (Norm für serielle Schnittstelle) 

RSA Rivest, Shamir, Adleman 

RSAC Recreational Software Advisory Council

391 

RSB Repair Service Bureau 

RSB Reservation State Block 

RSBAC Rule Set Based Access Control 

RSCS Remote Spooling and Communications Subsystem 

RSCV Route Selection Control Vector 

RSDP Root System Description Pointer 

RSDT Root System Description Table 

RSE Register Stack Engine 

RSET Reset 

RSFQ Rapid Single Flux Quantum (Logic) 

RSI Repetitive Strain Injury 

RSIP Realm Specific Internet Protocol (parameter) 

RSIS Relocateable Screen Interface Specification 

RSL Radio Signaling Link 

RSL Received Signal Level 

RSL Registry Size Limit 

RSL Request and Status Link 

RSL Reserve Static Line 

RSL Resilient Server Link 

RSL Resource Specification Language 

RSMLT Routed Split Multi Link Trunking 

RSN Real Soon Now (Slang) 

RSN Russian Security Newsline 

RSOH Regenerator Section Overhead 

RSP Required Space Character 

RSPC Reed Solomon Product Code 

RSPCWS Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelties to Web Surfers 

RSRB Remote Source Route Bridging 

RSS Radio Subsystem 

RSS RDF Site Summary 

RSS Really Simple Syndication 

RSS Resident Set Size 

RSS Rich Site Summary 

RSSAC Root Server System Advisory Committee 

RSSI Received Signal Strength Indication 

RST Readability, Signal Strength, and Tone 

RST Receive Start Threshold 

RST Reset and Restart 

RSTE Regenerator Section Terminating Equipment 

RSTP Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol


RSTS Resource Sharing and Time Sharing 

RSTV Rundfunkstaatsvertrag 

RSVD Reserved 

RSVP Resource Reservation Setup Protocol 

RSX Real Time Resource Sharing Executive 

RT Radio Text 

RT Real/Run Time 

RT Receive Timing 

RT RISC Technology 

RTA Runder Tisch Amateurfunk 

RTAI Real Time Application Interface 

RTAM Remote Terminal Access Method 

RTAS Run-Time Abstraction Services 

RTB Regional Testbed 

RTC Real Time Clock 

RTC Return To Control 

RTC Reseaux Telphoniques Commutes 

RTCA Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics 

RTCM Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services 

RTCP Realtime Transport Control Protocol 

RTDL Real-Time Data Link 

RTE Real-Time Enterprise 

RTE Right to Left Embedding 

RTEID Real Time Executive Interface Definition 

RTEL Reverse Telnet 

RTEMS Real Time Executive for Military/Multiprocessor Systems 

RTEMS Real Time Energy Management Solutions 

RTF Rich Text Format 

RTFAQ Read The FAQ (Slang) 

RTFB Read The Funny Binary (Slang) 

RTFF Read The Fantastic FAQ (Slang) 

RTFM Read The Fine/Fantastic/Funny ... Manual (Slang) 

RTFS Read The Funny Source (Slang) 

RTK Real Time Kernel 

RTK Real-Time Kinematic Positioning 

RTL Register Transfer Level 

RTL Resistor Transistor Logic 

RTL Run Time Library 

RTLS Real Time Locating System 

RTM Read The Manual (Slang)

393 

RTM Real Time Modeling 

RTM Release To Manufacturing 

RTM Response Time Monitor 

RTMP Routing Table Maintenance Protocol 

RTNR Real-Time Network Routing 

RTO Retransmission Timeout 

RTOS Real Time Operating System 

RTP Rapid Transport Protocol 

RTP Realtime Transport Protocol 

RTP Regulierungsbehörde für Telekommunikation und Post 

RTP Rendezvous and Termination Protocol 

RTP Realtime Transport Protocol (Internet) 

RTR RARE Technical Report 

RTS Ready/Request To Send 

RTS Real Time System 

RTS Reliable Transfer Service 

RTS Remote Telnet Service 

RTS Request To Send 

RTSE Reliable Transfer Service Element (OSI) 

RTSP Realtime Signal Processor 

RTSP Realtime Streaming Protocol 

RTSPS Realtime Streaming Protocol Secure/Server/Service/Specificati 

RTSPU Realtime Streaming Protocol Unreliable 

RTT Resonant Tunneling Transistor 

RTT Round-Trip Time 

RTTI Run Time Type Information/Identification 

RTTY Radio Teletype (Funkfernschreiben) 

RTV Real Time Video 

RTWFQ Read The Whole Fantastic Question (Slang) 

RU Request/Response Unit 

RUA Remote User Agent 

RUC Reservation Upon Collision (Scheme) 

RULL Rechnerunterstütztes Lehren und Lernen 

RUM Rechenzentrum Universität Mannheim 

RUOK Are You Ok (Slang) 

RUP Rational Unified Process 

RUS Rechenzentrum der Universität Stuttgart 

RUSH Remote Use of Shared Hardware 

RV Real Virtuality 

RV Rotational Vibration


RVI Reverse Interrupt 

RVL Ringverteilungsleiter 

RVML Rich Vector Markup Language 

RVP Rendezvous Protocol 

RVS Rotational Vibration Safeguard 

RVSA Remote Variant Selection Algorithm 

RW Rewritable 

RWB Responsive Workbench 

RWI Reset Window Indicator 

RWI Reversed Word Index 

RWM Read Write Memory 

RWP RIP While Printing 

RWS Rufweiterschaltung 

RWT Random Walk Theory 

RWTH Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen 

RX Receive Data 

RX Receiver 

RXC Receive Clock 

RXD Received Data 

RYS Read Your Screen (Slang) 

RZ Rechenzentrum 

RZ Return to Zero 

RZG Rechenzentrum Garching (MPG) 

RZM Root Zone Maintainer 

S Service, Signal, Standard, Synchron, System 

S Signal Timing 

S Steuerleitung 

S2M ISDN Wählverbindung 2 Mbit/s 

SA Security Association 

SA Selective Availability (GPS) 

SA Soft Affinity 

SA Software Assurance 

SA Source Address 

SA SpamAssassin 

SA Structured Analysis 

SA System Administrator 

SAA Silly And Awkward (Slang) 

SAA Single Assignment Approach

395 

SAA System/Systems Application Architecture 

SAAL Signalling AAL 

SAAS Software As A Service 

SAB Standards Activities Board (IEEE/CS) 

SABM Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode 

SABME Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode Extended 

SAC Seismic Analysis Code 

SAC Service Access Controller 

SAC Single Attached/Attachment Component/Concentrator 

SAC Special Area Code 

SAC Syntax-based Arithmetic Coding 

SACCH Slow Associated Control Channel 

SACD Super Audio Compact Disk 

SACEADM System Auxiliary Control Element Administration 

SACECP System Auxiliary Control Element Common Pair 

SACEM Societe des Auteurs Compositeurs Editeurs de Musique 

SACK Selective Acknowledgement 

SACL System Access Control List 

SACNET Secure Automated Communications Network 

SACT SPARC Application Conformance Toolkit 

SAD Security Association Database 

SADT Structured Analysis and Design Technique 

SAE Self Addressed Envelope 

SAF Service Access Facility 

SAFI Subsequence Address Family Identifier 

SAFIR Service ATM Federateur et d’Interconnexion de Renater 

SAFT Simple Asynchronous File Transfer (Protocol) 

SAGA Standards und Architekturen für eGovernment-Anwendungen 

SAGE (UNIX) System Administrators’ Guild 

SAIC Single Antenna Interference Cancellation 

SAIL Stanford AI Laboratory 

SAINT Symbolic Automatic Integrator 

SAK Secure Attention Key 

SAL Self Addressed Envelope 

SAL Structured Assembly Language 

SALT Speech Application Language Tag 

SALT SuSE Advanced Linux Technology 

SAM SCSI Architecture Model 

SAM Security Access/Account Manager 

SAM Sequential Access Method


SAM Serial Access Memory 

SAM Smart ATM Modul 

SAM Storage and Archive Manager 

SAM Synchronous Address Multiplexer 

SAM System Administration Manager (tool) 

SAMI Synchronized Accessible Media Interchange 

SAN Satellite Access Network 

SAN Schulen ans Netz e. V. 

SAN Standard Address Number 

SAN Storage Area Network 

SAN System Area Network 

SANE Scanner Access Now Easy 

SANE Standard Apple Numeric Environment 

SANS SysAdmin, Audit, Network, Security (Institute) 

SAO Session At Once 

SAP Secure Audio Path 

SAP Send And Pray 

SAP Service Access Point (OSI) 

SAP Service Advertising Protocol (Novell) 

SAP Session Announcement Protocol 

SAP SIM Access Profile 

SAP Symbolic Assembler Program 

SAP Systeme, Anwendungen, Produkte (AG), Walldorf 

SAPI Service Access Point Identifier 

SAPI Speech API 

SAPI Streams Application Programming Interface 

SAR Search And Rescue 

SAR Segmentation And Reassembling/Reassembly 

SAR Smurf Amplifier Registry 

SAR Specific Absorption Rate 

SAR Synthetic Aperture Radar 

SARC Symantec Antivirus Research Center 

SARCOM Search And Rescue Communication 

SARE SpamAssassin Rules Emporium 

SARM Set Asynchronous Response Mode 

SARME Set Asynchronous Response Mode Extended 

SARP Search And Rescue Processor 

SARPA Security Advanced Research Projects Agency, USA 

SARSAT Search And Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking 

SART Search And Rescue (Radar) Transponder

397 

SARTG Scandinavian Amateur Radio Teleprinter Group 

SAS Security Association 

SAS Serial Attached SCSI 

SAS Short Authentication String 

SAS Signature Authority System 

SAS Single Attached/Attachment Station (FDDI) 

SAS Speicher- und Anforderungssteuerung 

SAS Statistical Analysis System 

SASDB Security Association Data Base 

SASE Self Addressed and Stamped Envelope 

SASI Shugart Associates System Interface 

SASL St. Andrews Static Language 

SASL Simple Authentication and Security Layer 

SASL Single Assignment Language 

SAT Satisfiability Problem 

SATA Serial AT Bus Attachment 

SATAN Security Analysis/Administrator’s Tool for Analyzing/Auditing 

SATL SCSI ATA Translation Layer 

SAV Sender Address Verification 

SAW Surface Acoustic Wave (Filter) 

SAX Simple API for XML 

SB Southbridge 

SB Standby Indicator 

SB System Builder 

SBA Small Business Administration 

SBAS Satellite Based Augmentation System 

SBC SCSI Block Commands 

SBC Server Based Computing 

SBC Single Board Computer 

SBC Smart Bitrate Control 

SBC Subband Codec 

SBCS Single Byte Character/Command Set 

SBE Single Byte Extension 

SBE Society of Broadcast Engineers (USA) 

SBOD Switched Bunch Of Discs 

SBP Serial Bus Protocol 

SBP Structured Buffer Pool 

SBR Spectral Band Replication 

SBR1 Statistical Bit Rate Configuration 1 

SBS Secure Boot System


SBS Small Business Server 

SBST Smart Battery Status Table 

SBT Six Bit Transcode 

SBUP System Backup Partition 

SBV Skeletonization Based Vectorization 

SC Secondary Channel 

SC Send Common 

SC Sequential Consistency 

SC Smart Card 

SC Storage Compatibility 

SC Subcommittee 

SC Subscriber Channel (Sonnector) 

SCA Security Control and Audit 

SCA Single Connector Attachment 

SCA Software Communications Architecture 

SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition 

SCADDS Scalable Coordination Architectures for Deeply Distributed System 

SCAM SCSI Configured Automagically 

SCART Syndicat des Constructeurs d’Appareils Radio Recepteurs et Televi 

SCB Subsystem Control Block 

SCC Satellite Control Center 

SCC SCSI Controller Commands 

SCC Serial Communication Controller 

SCC Small Card Clearing 

SCC Specialized Common Carrier 

SCC Spontaneous Computer Combustion 

SCC Standards Coordinating Committee (IEEE/CS) 

SCC Synchronous Channel Check 

SCCP Signal/Signalling Connection Control Port 

SCCS Source Code Control System 

SCCS Southern California Computer Society 

SCD Standard Color Display 

SCD Structured Charts Diagram 

SCE Service Creation Environment 

SCF Service Control Function 

SCF System Control Facility 

SCI Scalable Coherent Interconnect 

SCI Special Circumstance Instructions 

SCI Strategic Computing Inititative 

SCI System Control Interrupt

399 

SCIM Smart Commom Input Method 

SCLM Software Configuration Library Manager (IBM) 

SCM Selected Communication Mode 

SCM Software Configuration Management 

SCM Supply Chain Management 

SCM Switch Control Module 

SCML Spectrum Cataloging Markup Language 

SCMS Serial Copy Management System 

SCN Switched Circuit Network 

SCN System Change/Commit Number 

SCNR Sorry, Could Not Resist (Slang) 

SCO (The) Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. 

SCO Structured Complex Object 

SCO Synchronous Connection Oriented 

SCOS Single Copy Object Store 

SCP Secure Copy 

SCP Service Control Point 

SCP Session Control Protocol 

SCP Short Circuit Protection 

SCP Subsystem Control Port 

SCPC Single CHannel Per Carrier 

SCPI Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments 

SCR Silicon Controlled Rectifier 

SCR Standard Context Routing 

SCR Sustainable/Sustained Cell Rate 

SCS Secondary Clear to Send 

SCS SNA Communication Service 

SCS System Communication Services 

SCSA Signal Computing System Architecture 

SCSI Small Computer Systems Interface 

SCSL Sun Community Source Licensing 

SCSP Server Cache Synchronization Protocol 

SCSSI Service Central de la Securite des Systemes d’Information 

SCSU Standard Compression Scheme for Unicode 

SCTP Screened Twisted Pair (cable) 

SCTP Shape-Controlled Traffic Pattern 

SCTP Simple Control Transport Protocol 

SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol 

SCTS Secondary Clear To Send 

SCTT Strong Church Turing Thesis


SCU System Control Unit 

SD Sales + Distribution 

SD Secure Digital (Card) 

SD Send Data 

SD Shutdown 

SD Single Density 

SD Staircase Deadline (scheduler) 

SD Starting Delimiter 

SD Structured Design 

SD Super Density (Compact Disk) 

SDA Scalable Disk Array 

SDA Start of/Secure Domain Authority 

SDA Swappable Data Area 

SDA System Design Automation 

SDB Security Policy Database 

SDBM Selective Directed Broadcast Mode 

SDC Secondary Domain Controller 

SDC Secure Digital Card 

SDC Service Description Channel 

SDCCH Stand Alone Dedicated Control Channel 

SDCD Secondary Data Carrier Detect 

SDD Super Density Disk 

SDDC Single Device Data Correction 

SDDI Serial Digital Data Interface 

SDDI Shielded Twisted Pair Distributed Data Interface 

SDDS Sony Dynamic Digital Sound 

SDE Software Development Environment 

SDF Signal Delay Format 

SDF Space Delimited File/Format 

SDF Standard/System Data Format 

SDF Structured Display File 

SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy 

SDHC Secure Digital High Capacity (Card) 

SDHT Selectively Doped Hetero Transistor 

SDI Selective Dissemination of Information 

SDI Serial Device/Digital Interface 

SDI Single Document Interface 

SDIF Standard Document Interchange Format 

SDIGN Vorschriftensammlung für digitale Netze 

SDIO Secure Digital Input/Output

401 

SDK Software Development/Developer’s Kit 

SDL Scene Description Language 

SDL Security Development Lifecycle 

SDL Simple Direct Media Layer 

SDLC Software Development Life Cycle 

SDLC Synchronous Data Link Control (IBM) 

SDLP Standard Device Level Protocol 

SDLT Super Digital Linear Tape 

SDM Secure Digital Mini (card) 

SDM Security Device Manager 

SDM Short Data Message 

SDM Sub-rate Data Multiplexer 

SDMA Space Division Multiple Access 

SDMI Secure Digital Music Inititative 

SDMS SCSI Device Management System 

SDN Software Defined Network 

SDNS Secure Data Network Service/System 

SDO Servicedatenobjekt 

SDP Service Discovery Protocol 

SDP Session Description Protocol 

SDP Shared Development Process 

SDP Software Delivery Platform 

SDP Standard Directory Package (Apple) 

SDPS Science/Service/Shared/Spatial/Standard/Surveillance Data Pr 

SDPS Secure Digital Paper Seal 

SDPS Standard Dial-up POP3 Service 

SDR Session Director 

SDR Single Data Rate 

SDR Software Defined Radio 

SDR Streaming Data Request 

SDRAM Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory 

SDS Sample Dump Standard 

SDS Software Distribution Service (OSF) 

SDS Subdivision Surface 

SDSC San Diego Supercomputer Center, USA 

SDSE Shadowed DSA-Specific Entry 

SDSL Single Line/Single Pair/Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line 

SDSS Sloan Digital Sky Survey 

SDTS Spatial Data Transfer Standard 

SDTV Standard Definition Television


SDU Service/Signalling Data Unit 

SDX Storage Data Acceleration 

SDXC Synchronous Digital Cross Connect 

SDXF Structured Data Exchange Format 

SE Second Editon (Windows) 

SE Shared Everything 

SE Single Ended 

SE-SCSI Single Ended SCSI 

SEA Schoof, Elkes, Atkin 

SEA Self Extracting Archive 

SEA Society for Electronic Access 

SEAL Screening External Access Link 

SEBD Software Engineering Bibliographic Database (DACS) 

SEC Single Error Correction 

SEC Standard Ethernet Controller 

SECAM Sequentiel Couleur Avec Memoire 

SECBR Severely Errored Cell Block Ratio 

SECC Single Edge Contact Cartridge 

SED Smoke Emitting Diode 

SED Surface-conduction Electron-emitter Display 

SEDAS Standardregelungen einheitlicher Datenaustausch 

SEE Software Engineering Environment 

SEEFUST Seefunkstelle 

SEEK Secure Electronic Exchange of Keys 

SEEM Simple Efficient Extensible Mesh 

SEL Security Enhanced Linux 

SEL Selector 

SEL Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG 

SEL System Event Logger 

SEM Search Engine Marketing 

SEM Server Enhancement Module 

SEMA Simple Electromagnetic Analysis 

SEMPER Secure Electronic Marketplace for Europe 

SEO Search Engine Optimization/Optimizer 

SEO Sequences Number 

SEP Separation 

SEP Somebody Else’s Problem (Slang) 

SEPI School Educational Provision Improvement 

SEPP Secure Electronic Payment Protocol 

SEPP Single Edge Processor Package

403 

SER Soft Error Rate 

SES SCSI Enclosure Services 

SES Secure Easy Setup 

SES Ship Earth Station 

SES Societe Europeenne des Satellites 

SESAME Secure European System for Applications in a Multi-Vendor E 

SESK Session Key 

SET Secure Electronic Transaction 

SET Setkey 

SET Shortest Elapsed Time 

SET Single Electron Transistor 

SET Standard d’Exchange et de Transfert 

SETI Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence 

SEU Serial Encryption Unit 

SEU Smallest Executable Unit 

SEUL Simple End User Linux 

SEX Software Exchange 

SF Select/Send Frequency 

SF Sign Flag 

SF Single Frequency 

SF Store and Forward 

SFA Sales Force Automation 

SFAUSL Vorschriftensammlung Fernmeldeverkehr Ausland 

SFC System File Checker 

SFD Start Frame Delimiter 

SFF Small Form Factor 

SFINX Service for French Internet Exchange 

SFLAAE/BS Star Fleet Ladies Auxiliary and Embroidery/Baking Society 

SFLC Software Freedom Law Center 

SFMJI Sorry For My Jumping In (Slang) 

SFP Single Function Peripheral 

SFP Super Fine Positioning 

SFP System File Protection 

SFPS Secure Fast Packet Switching 

SFQ Stochastic Fairness Queuing 

SFQL Structured Full-text Query Language 

SFR Split Frame Rendering 

SFS Scalable/Secure File Share/System 

SFS Security Feature Set 

SFS Smart File System (Amiga)


SFS Storage Attached Network File System 

SFT System Fault Tolerance 

SFT System File Table 

SFTM Switched Frame Transfer Mode 

SFTP Simple File Transfer Protocol 

SFU Services For Unix 

SFURD Stadtfunkrufdienst 

SFV Standard-Festverbindung 

SG Signal Ground 

SG Supergroup 

SGA Shared/System Global Area 

SGC SCSI Graphic Commands 

SGCP Simple Gateway Control Protocol 

SGDB Service de Genomique du Departement de Biologie, ENS Paris 

SGF Smart Go Format 

SGI Silicon Graphics, Inc. 

SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language 

SGMP Simple Gateway Management/Monitoring Protocol (Internet) 

SGPS Simple Global Positioning System (protocol) 

SGRAM Synchronous Graphical Random Access Memory 

SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node 

SH Sample and Hold, S/H 

SHA Secure Hash Algorithm 

SHA Super High Availability 

SHAFT Society to Help Abolish FORTRAN Teaching 

SHAR Shell Archive 

SHARL Specified Home Appliance Recycling Law, Japan 

SHDSL Single-pair High Speed Digital Subscriber Line 

SHF Super High Frequency 

SHIA Strongly Hedonistic Internet Area 

SHIFT Scalable, Heterogeneous, Integrated Facility 

SHIT Secure Home Internet Telephony 

SHM Semantical Hierarchy Model 

SHM Short Hold Mode 

SHOE Simple HTML Ontology Extensions 

SHRS Sehen, Hören, Riechen, Schmecken (Multimedia) 

SHTTP Secure HTTP 

SHV Standard High Volume 

SHY Soft/Syllable Hyphen 

SI Service Interaction

405 

SI Shift In 

SI Signalling Rate Indicator 

SI Simple Interface (Cray to UNIX) 

SI Source Index 

SI Still Image (Exchange) 

SI System Information 

SI Systeme International d’Unites 

SIA Semiconductor Industries Association 

SIA Serial Interface Adapter 

SIAM Supraleitendes Intelligentes Antennen-Modul 

SIASL Stranger In A Strange Land (Slang) 

SIB Scaled Index Based 

SIC Standard Industry Code 

SICAS Semiconductor International Capacity Statistics 

SID Security Identification/Identifier 

SID Session Identifier 

SID Silence Descriptor 

SID Society for Information Display 

SID Station Identification 

SID Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance 

SID Symbolic Interactive Debugger 

SIE Serial Interface Engine 

SIF Stateful Inspection Firewall 

SIFS Short Inter Frame Space 

SIFT Stanford Information Filtering Tool 

SIG Selective Integral Ground 

SIG Software/Special Interest Group 

SIGCAT Special Interest Group on CD-ROM Applications and Technolo 

SIGG Signaturgesetz 

SIGIR Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval 

SIGPLAN Special Interest Group on Programming Languages 

SIH Super Information Highway 

SIHFT Software Implemented Hardware Fault Tolerance 

SII Static Invocation Interface 

SIIT Stateless IP/ICMP Translation (Algorithm) 

SIL Solid Immersion Lens 

SILC Secure Internet Live Conferencing 

SILK Speech, Image, Language, Knowledge 

SIM Set Initialization Mode 

SIM Subscriber Identification/Identity Module


SIMA Support Initiative for Multimedia Applications 

SIMCA Sitting In My Chair Amused (Slang) 

SIMD Single Instruction Multiple Data (stream) 

SIMM Single Inline Memory Module 

SIMP Simple Intermachine Protocol 

SIMPLE Sheer Idiots Monopurpose Programming Language Environment 

SIMPLE SIP for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions 

SIN Serial Data In 

SIN Service Indicator (ISDN) 

SINA Sichere Internet-Anbindung/Architektur (BSI) 

SINA SISY Integriertes FTP-Server Archiv, Karlsruhe 

SINPO Signal strength, Interference, Noise, Propagation disturbance, Ove 

SIO Serial Input Output 

SIO Simultaneous Interface Operation 

SIP SCSI Interlocl Protocol 

SIP Second/Simple Internet Protocol 

SIP Secure Internet Programming (Princeton U.) 

SIP Session Initiation Protocol 

SIP SMDS Interface Protocol 

SIP Submission Information Package 

SIPC Simple Integrated/Interactive Personal Computer 

SIPO Serial In Serial Out 

SIPP Simple Internet Protocol Plus 

SIPP Simple Polygon Processor 

SIPP Single In-Line Pin Package 

SIPP Stable Image PC Platform 

SIPP Stable Image Platform Program 

SIPS SIP over SSL 

SIR Serial Infrared Communication (Hewlett-Packard) 

SIRDS Single Image Random Dot Stereogram 

SIRF (SiRF Technology Inc., USA) 

SIS Schengen Information System 

SIS Silicon Isotope Superlattice (Technology) 

SIS Stateful Inspection System 

SISD Single Instruction Single Data(stream) 

SISO Serial In, Serial Out 

SISSL Sun Industry Standards Source License 

SISY Software Informations-System, Karlsruhe 

SIT Satellite Interactive Terminal 

SIT (Fraunhofer-Institut für) Sichere Telekooperation

SIT Simple Internet Transition 

SIT Special Information Tone 

SITD Still In The Dark (Slang) 

SITOR Simple Telex Over Radio 

SITP Strategic Information Technology Plan, DoC, USA 

SITP System Integration Test Plan 

SIWG Special Interest Working Group 

SJCC Spring Joint Computer Conference 

SJF Shortest Job First 

SJF Super Jumbo Frame (Ethernet) 

SK Schneider & Koch, Ettlingen 

SK Server Key 

SK Synchronknoten 

SKA Shared Key Authentication 

SKAS Separate Kernel Address Space 

SKIP Simple Key Management for Internet Protocols 

SKU Stock Keeping Unit (Artikelnummer) 

SL Second Life 

SL Session Layer 

SL Shading/Specification Language 

SL Slave 

SLA Sealed Lead Acid (Battery) 

SLA Service Level Agreement 

SLA Site Level Aggregation/Aggregator 

SLAC Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 

SLAP Sounds Like A Plan (Slang) 

SLAPI Salutation Application Programming Interface 

SLC Second Level Cache 

SLC Single Level Cell 

SLC Synchronous Link Control 

SLD Second/Sub Level Domain 

SLDRAM Synchronous Link Dynamic RAM 

SLED Single Large Expensive Disk 

SLED Software Life Cycle Experience Database (DACS) 

SLED Suse Linux Enterprise Desktop 

SLES Suse Linux Enterprise Server 

SLI Scalable Link Interface/Interleave 

SLI Scanline Interleave 

SLI System Level Integration 

SLIAA Scalable Link Interface Anti-Aliasing 

407


SLIP Serial Line Interface Protocol (Internet) 

SLIP Symmetric List Processor 

SLIT System Locality Distance Information Table 

SLM Salutation Manager 

SLOC Source Lines Of Code 

SLOS SuSE Linux Office Server 

SLP School License Program 

SLP Service Location Protocol 

SLP Single Link Protocol 

SLP System Load Partition 

SLR Scalable Linear Recording 

SLS Service Level Specification 

SLSI Super Large Scale Integration 

SLT Speech and Language Technology 

SLU Site Local Use 

SLV Single Language Vendor 

SLURM Simple Linux Utility for Resource Management 

SM Security Management 

SM Set Mode 

SM Shadow Map 

SM Sparse Mode 

SM System Management/Manager 

SMA Shared Memory Architecture 

SMA Sharing with Minimum Allocation 

SMA Sub Miniature Assembly (Connector) 

SMAC Sensor Media/Medium Access Control 

SMACK Simplified Mandatory Access Control Kernel 

SMACS Schema Mapping Application Compiler System 

SMACS Smart Multi-Access Communication Service 

SMACS Stochastic Modelling and Analysis of Communication Systems 

SMAE Systems Management Application Entity 

SMAP Simple Mail Access Protocol 

SMAP System Management Application Process 

SMART Self Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology 

SMART Software Metering and Resource Tracking 

SMASE System Management Application Service Element 

SMB Server/Session Message Block 

SMB Small and Medium Business 

SMB System Management Bus 

SMC Secure Messaging Card

409 

SMC Standard Microsystems, Inc. 

SMCC Sun Microsystems Computer Corp. 

SMD Schiffsmeldedienst 

SMD Storage Modul Device 

SMD Surface Mounted Device 

SMDC Server Management Daughter Card 

SMDR Station Message Detail Recording 

SMDS Switched Multi-Megabit Data Service, USA 

SMDSU Switched Multi-Megabit Data Service Unit 

SME Subject Matter Expert 

SMF Service Management Facility 

SMF Simple Message Format 

SMF Single Mode Fiber 

SMF Standard Midi File 

SMF System Manager Facility 

SMFA System Management Functional Area 

SMG Supermastergroup 

SMI Secure Monitor Interrupt 

SMI Serial Management Interface 

SMI Structure of Management Information 

SMI System Management (mode) Interrupt 

SMIL Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language 

SMIME Secure MIME 

SMIS Safety/Supply/System Management Information System 

SMIS Service Marketing Information System 

SMIS Storage Management Initiative Specification 

SMIT System Management Interface Tool (IBM) 

SMK Software Migration Kit 

SML Simple Macro Language 

SML Simple Mailing List 

SML Simplified Markup Language 

SML Standard Math Library 

SML Standard Metalanguage 

SMLT Split Multi Link Trunking 

SMM Start of Manual Message 

SMM System Management Mode 

SMO Social Memory Organizer 

SMON Switched Monitoring Network 

SMOP Small/Simple Matter Of Programming 

SMP Simple Management Protocol (Internet)


SMP Standard Message Package (Apple) 

SMP Standby Monitor Presence 

SMP Symmetrical/Synchronous Multi-Processing 

SMP SONET Physical Layer Mapping 

SMPS Switching Mode Power Supply (Schaltnetzteil) 

SMPTE Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, USA 

SMR Signal to Mask Ration 

SMS Satellite Multi-Service System 

SMS Service/Security Management Station/System 

SMS Short Message Service 

SMS Software Management System 

SMS Storage Management Services 

SMS Subsystem Management Service (OSF) 

SMS System Management Server 

SMSC Short Message Service Center 

SMSCB Short Message Service Cell Broadcast 

SMSI Sommet Mondial de la Societe de l’Information 

SMSMO SMS Mobile Station Originated 

SMSMT SMS Mobile Station Terminated 

SMSP Storage Management Services Protocol 

SMT Simultaneous Multi Texturing 

SMT Simultaneous/Symmetrical Multithreading (Technology) 

SMT Station Management 

SMT Surface Mounted Technology 

SMTI Systems Management Tools Initiative 

SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (Internet) 

SMTPE Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers 

SMU System Management Utility 

SMUX SNMP Multiplexing Protocol 

SMXQ Sharing with Maximum Queues 

SN Sequence Number 

SN Signal/Noise, S/N (ratio) 

SN Subscriber Number 

SNA Systems Network Architecture (IBM) 

SNACP SNA Control Protocol 

SNADS SNA Distribution Services 

SNAFU Situation Normal All Fed/Fucked Up (Slang) 

SNAP Streamlined Network Accelerated Protocol 

SNAP Subnetwork Access/Attachement Point/Protocol 

SNAPI Soft Switch Network Application Programming Interface

411 

SNCP Single Node Control Point 

SNCP System Services Control Point 

SNCS Secure Network Computer Server 

SNF Server Natural/Normal Format 

SNF Session Sequence Number Field 

SNI Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme AG, Paderborn 

SNI Subscriber Network Identifier/Interface 

SNIA Storage Networking Industry Association 

SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol (Internet) 

SNMPV2 Simple Network Management Protocol Version 2 (Internet) 

SNOBOL String Oriented Symbolic Language 

SNP Sequence Number Protection 

SNPP Simple Network Paging Protocol 

SNR Saved Number Redial 

SNR Serial Number 

SNR Signal to Noise Ratio 

SNRM Set Normal Response Mode 

SNRME Set Normal Response Mode Extended 

SNS Session Network Services 

SNVT Standard Network Variable Type 

SO Shift Out 

SO Small Outline 

SO Supporting Organization 

SOA Service Order Activation 

SOA Service Oriented Architecture 

SOA Start Of (zone of) Authority (DNS) 

SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol 

SOB Start Of Block 

SOB Statement Of Boredom 

SOC System On a Chip 

SODIMM Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module 

SOE Standard Operating Environment 

SOFL Structured Object-Oriented Formal Language 

SOG Sync On Green 

SOGT Senior Officials Group on Telecommunications 

SOH Section Overhead 

SOH Start of Header/Heading 

SOHO Small Office, Home Office 

SOI Silicon On Insulator 

SOIF Summary Object Interchange Format


SOIP Storage Over IP 

SOL Seniors/Senioren On Line 

SOL Siemens Optical Link 

SOL Simulation Oriented Language 

SOL Special Object Library 

SOLAS (International Convention for the) Safety Of Life At Sea 

SOM Start Of Message 

SOM System Object Model (IBM) 

SONET Synchronous Optical Network 

SONETT Soziales Netz Telecommunikation 

SOP Same Origin Policy 

SOP Service Object Pair 

SOP Standard Operating Procedure 

SORBS Spam and Open Relay Blocking System 

SOS Silicon On Sapphire 

SOS Sophisticated Operating System 

SOS Start Of Significance 

SOSI Shift Out Shift In 

SOSIG Social Science Information Gateway 

SOTIS Self-Organizing Traffic Information System 

SOUP Simple Offline Usenet Packet 

SOUT Serial Data Out 

SOX Sound Exchange (File) 

SP Segment Priority 

SP Service Provider 

SP Space (Leertaste) 

SP Stack Pointer 

SP Strict Priority 

SP System Program 

SPA Secure Password Authentication 

SPA Service Point Application 

SPA Simple Power Analysis 

SPA Software Publishers’ Association 

SPADA Sprache und Daten 

SPAG Standards Promotion and Application Group (OSI) 

SPAM Send Phenomenal Amounts of Mail, Shit Posing As Mail (Slang) 

SPAN Services and Protocols for Advanced Networks 

SPAN Switched Port Analyzer 

SPAP Shiva Password Authentication Protocol 

SPARC Scalable Processor Architecture

413 

SPB Synchronous Pipelined Bus 

SPC SCSI Primary Commands 

SPC Small Peripheral Controller 

SPC Statistical Process Control 

SPC Stored Program Control 

SPC Sub-Process Control 

SPD Scalable Performance Data 

SPD Secondary Pool Descriptor 

SPD Secure Payload Database 

SPD Security Policy Database 

SPD Selective Packet Delay 

SPD Senior Program Developer 

SPD Serial Poll Disable 

SPD Serial Port Data 

SPD Serial Presence Detect 

SPD Sharable Private Disk 

SPD Silicon Photo Diode 

SPD Silicon Pixel Detector 

SPD Simple Pattern Detection 

SPD Simplified Printer Description 

SPD Single Programming Document 

SPD Software/System Preliminary Design 

SPD Software Product Description 

SPD Software Products Division 

SPD Spectral Power Density/Distribution 

SPD Speed 

SPD Sponsored Program Development 

SPD Spool Positioning Device 

SPD Storage Pool Deficiency 

SPD Structured Program Developmenr 

SPD Summary Program Description 

SPD Surge Protection/Protector Device 

SPDA Supplier Data Program 

SPDEEPROMSerial Presence Detect Electrically Erasable Programmable Re 

SPDIF Sony and Philips Digital Interconnect/Interface Format 

SPDL Standard Page Description Language 

SPDN Shared Private Data Network 

SPDT Single-Pole Double-Throw (Relay) 

SPDU Session Protocol Data Unit 

SPE Superparamagnetic Effect


SPE Symbolic Programming Environment 

SPE Synchronous Payload Envelope 

SPE Synergistic Processor/Processing Element 

SPEC Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation 

SPF Security/Sender Policy Framework 

SPF Sender Permitted From (obsolet) 

SPF Shortest Path First 

SPF System Programming Facility 

SPG Service Protocol Gateway 

SPI SCSI-3 Parallel Interface 

SPI Security Parameter Index 

SPI Serial Peripheral Interface 

SPI Server Programming Interface 

SPI Service Provider Interface 

SPI Software in the Public Interest, Inc. 

SPI Stateful Packet Inspection 

SPI Symbolic Probabilistic Inference 

SPICE Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis 

SPICE Spacecraft, Planet, Instruments, C Matrix, Events 

SPIFF Still Picture Interchange File Format 

SPIM Spam over Instant Messaging 

SPINE Shared Program Information Network 

SPIT Spam over Internet Telephony 

SPK Software Porting Kit 

SPKM Simple Public Key GSS-API Mechanism 

SPL Spooler/Spooling 

SPLD Simple Programmable Logic Device 

SPM Session Protocol Machine 

SPM System Performance Monitor (IBM) 

SPMD Single Program Multiple Data 

SPML Service Provisioning Markup Language 

SPMP Software Project Management Plan 

SPMS Software Project Management System 

SPN Service Principal Name 

SPNR Special People Numbers Registry 

SPOC Search And Rescue Point Of Contact 

SPOF Single Point Of Failure 

SPOOL Simultaneous Peripherals Operation On Line 

SPOT Single Point Of Truth 

SPOT Systeme Pour l’Observation de la Terre

415 

SPP Scalable Parallel Processing 

SPP Sequenced/Sequential Packet Protocol 

SPP Serial Port Profile 

SPP Standard Parallel Port 

SPPI Structure of Policy Provisioning Information 

SPR Software Performance Report 

SPS Secure Packet Shield 

SPS Session Presentation Services 

SPS Speicherprogrammierte Steuerung 

SPS Standard Positioning Service/System 

SPS Standby Power System 

SPSI Spots Per Square Inch 

SPT Sectors Per Track 

SPT Shortest Processing Time 

SPU Shader Processing Unit 

SPU Sound Processing Unit 

SPU Synergistic Processor Unit 

SPV Semipermanente Verbindung 

SPV Sound, Pictures, Video 

SPV Sparsed Pixel Vectorization 

SPWG Standard Panels Working Group (VESA) 

SPX Secured/Sequenced/Sequential Packet/Protocol Exchange 

SQ Signal Quality 

SQ Signal-Quantisierungsgeräusch 

SQA Safety/Software Quality Assurance 

SQCIF Sub Quarter Common Intermediate Format 

SQE Signal Quality Error (SQE Test, heartbeat, Ethernet) 

SQID Superconducting Quantum Interference Device 

SQL Squelch 

SQL Standard/Structured Query Language 

SQUID Source Quench Introduced Delay 

SR Sampling/Send Rate 

SR Session Reliability 

SR Signalling Rate Selector 

SR Shift Register 

SR Source Routing 

SRAM Shadow/Static Random Access Memory 

SRAT System Resource Affinity Table 

SRB Source Route Bridging (IBM) 

SRB Storage Resource Broker


SRC Sampling Rate Converter 

SRC Source 

SRC System Resource Controller 

SRD Screen Reader System 

SRD Secondary Received Data 

SRD Short Range Device 

SREJ Selective Reject 

SRES Signed Result 

SRF Streaming Register File 

SRI Stanford Research Institute, USA 

SRL Structural Return Loss 

SRL Subject Restriction List 

SRM Send Routing Message 

SRM Shared Resource Manager 

SRMA Split-Channel Reservation Multiple Access 

SRMP Spider Remote Monitoring Protocol 

SRO Sharable and Read Only (memory) 

SRP Security Rollup Package (Microsoft) 

SRPI Server-Requester Programming Interface 

SRQ Service Request 

SRR Search and Rescue Region 

SRR Secondary Receiver Ready 

SRS Secondary Request to Send 

SRS Sender Rewriting Scheme 

SRS Shared Registry System 

SRS Sound Retrieval System 

SRT Secure Request Technology 

SRT Shortest Remaining Time 

SRT Shuttle Radar Topography (Mission) 

SRT Source Route/Routing Transparent 

SRTP Secure Realtime Transport Protocol 

SRTS Secondary Request To Send 

SRUC Split Reservation Upon Collision 

SRV Server 

SS Sampled Servo 

SS Seed/Stack Segment 

SS Select Standby 

SS Single Shift/Sided 

SS Storage Server 

SS7 Signalling System No. 7

SSA Screened Subnet Architecture 

SSA Serial Storage Architecture (IBM) 

SSA Static Single Assignment 

SSA Sveriges Sändareamatörer 

SSB Schwäbischer Standard-Benchmark 

SSB Single Sideband 

SSBA Suite Synthetique des Benchmarks de l’AFFU 

SSC SCSI Stream Commands 

SSC Symantec System Center 

SSCC Serial Shipping Container Code 

SSCF Service Specific Coordination Function 

SSCOP Service Specific Connection Oriented Protocol 

SSCP System Services Control Point/Program 

SSCS Service Specific Convergence Sublayer 

SSD Schwartz Sequential Dropping 

SSD Secondary Send Data 

SSD Solid State Disk 

SSDA Synchronous Serial Data Adapter 

SSDC Stack Segment Descriptor Cache 

SSDP Simple Service Discovery Protocol 

SSDT System Service Descriptor Table 

SSE Streaming SIMD Extensions 

SSEC Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (IBM) 

SSEM System Security Engineering Management 

SSF Service Switching Function 

SSF Structured Fax File 

SSFDC Solid State Floppy Disc Card 

SSGA System Support Gate Array 

SSH Secure Shell 

SSI SCSI Serial Interface 

SSI Server Side Include 

SSI Single System Image 

SSI Small Scale Integration 

SSID Secondary Station Identifier 

SSID Service Set Identifier 

SSIMM Single RAS SIMM 

SSL Schüler, Studenten, Lehrer 

SSL Secondary System Loader 

SSL Secure Server Line 

SSL Secure Sockets Layer 

417


SSM Source Specific Multicast 

SSM Storage System Manager 

SSMA Spread Spectrum Multiple Access 

SSN Secure Server Network 

SSO Single Sign On 

SSO System Security Officer 

SSP Sender Signing Practices 

SSP Serial Storage Protocol 

SSP Service Switching Point 

SSP Switch-to-Switch Protocol 

SSP System Service/Support Processor 

SSR Scalable Sampling Rate 

SSR Secondary Surveillance Radar 

SSR Small Screen Rendering (Opera) 

SSR Sum of Squared Residuals 

SSR Super Self Refresh 

SSRC Synchronization Source Identifier 

SSS Switching Subsystem 

SST Self Service Terminal 

SST Simple SIPP Transition 

SSTP Screened Shielded Twisted Pair 

SSTV Slow Scan Television 

SSU Session Support Utility (DEC) 

SSW Schnittstellenwandler 

ST Segment Type 

ST Send Timing 

ST Service Ticket 

ST Straight Tip (Connector) 

ST Stream Protocol 

STA SCSI Trade Association 

STA Secure Ticket Authority 

STA Spanning Tree Algorithm 

STA Station 

STACK Start Acknowledgement 

STAR Self Defining Text Archival 

STAR Self Test And Repair 

STAR Self Tuning Architecture 

STAR Simultaneous Transmit And Receive 

STAR Stateful Assured Routing 

STAR Stop Talking And Read (Slang)

419 

STAR Storage And Retrieval 

STAX Streaming API for XML 

STB Set Top Box 

STC Set Top Computer 

STC Subtechnical Committee (ETSI) 

STD Secondary Transmitted Data 

STD Standard 

STD State Transition Diagram 

STD Subscriber Trunk Dialing 

STD Suspend To Disc 

STDA StreetTalk Directory Assistance (Banyan) 

STDM Statistical/Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing 

STE Signalling Terminal 

STEP Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data 

STF Specialist Task Force 

STGO Start Tag Open 

STID Secure Table Identifier 

STK Software Translation Kit 

STL Standard Template Library 

STM Science, Technology, Medicine 

STM Station/Storage Management 

STM Streams Manager 

STM Synchronous Transfer/Transport Mode/Modul 

STMF State Management Function 

STN Scientific & Technical Information Network, Karlsruhe 

STN Super Twisted Nematic Field Effective Material 

STO Strategic Technology Office 

STOA Science/Scientific and Technology/Technological Options Asses 

STOE Störung 

STOMP Streaming Text Oriented Messaging Protocol 

STOMP Systematic Test Of Multiplatform Product 

STONE Structured and Open Environment 

STP Shielded Twisted Pair 

STP Signal Transfer Point 

STP Spanning Tree Protocol 

STP Straight Through Processing 

STR Suspend To RAM 

STR Synchronous Transmitter Receiver 

STRIDE Spoofing, Tampering, Repudiation, Information disclosure, Den 

STRIP Starmode Radio IP


STRT Start Initialization 

STS Semi-Thue-System 

STS Station to Station Protocol 

STS Synchronous Transfer/Transport Signal 

STT Secure Transaction Technology 

STT Spin Torque Transfer (RAM) 

STU Schere-Tippex-Uhu (-Verfahren) 

STUN Simple Traversal of UDP through NAT 

STUSS Simply Time-consuming Unsolicited Superfluous Speaking (Slang) 

STX Start of Text 

SU Switching Unit 

SUB Subaddressing 

SUB Substitute/Substitutability 

SUB Systemunabhängige Betriebsführungstechnik 

SUDS Software Update and Distribution System 

SUG Sun User Group 

SUIT Simple User Interface Toolkit 

SUM Simple User Model 

SUMR Satellite User Mapping Register 

SUN Stanford University Network 

SUPL Secure User Plane 

SURANET Southeastern Universities Research Association Network 

SURE Scalability, Usability, Reliability, Economy 

SUS Single UNIX Specification 

SUS Software Update Services (Microsoft) 

SUSP System Use Sharing Protocol 

SUTP Screened Unshielded Twisted Pair 

SUUG Soviet UNIX User Group 

SV Standortverteiler 

SVAPI Scan View API 

SVC Supervisor Call 

SVC Switched Virtual Call/Channel/Circuit/Connection 

SVCC Switched Virtual Channel Connection 

SVCD Super Video Compact Disc 

SVD Simultaneous Voice and Data 

SVD Single Value Decomposition 

SVF Simple Vector Format 

SVG Scalable Vector Graphics 

SVGA Super Video Graphics Array 

SVHS Super Video Home System

421 

SVID Unix System V Interface Definition 

SVM Support Vector Machine 

SVN Subversion (a Version Control System) 

SVP Scan-line Video Processor 

SVPN Secure Virtual Private Network 

SVR Session-based Virtual Route 

SVR4 UNIX System V Release 4 

SVV Segment Variability Value 

SVVS UNIX System V Validation Suite 

SW schwarz-weiss 

SW Short Wave 

SW Software 

SW Status Word 

SWAN Secure Wide Area Network 

SWAP Shared Wireless Application Protocol 

SWAT Samba Web Administration Tool 

SWB Software Bus 

SWBG Subtract With Borrow (random number) Generator 

SWERC South Western Europe Regional (ACM Programming) Contest 

SWF Scheduled Workflow 

SWF Shockwave Flash (File Format) 

SWF Short Wave Fading 

SWF Small Web File/Format 

SWF Staff Working File 

SWF Surface Wave Field 

SWIB Suchdienst Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken 

SWIFT Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication 

SWIFT Software Implemented Fault Tolerance 

SWIFT System for Wireless Information Forwarding and Teledistribut 

SWIM Super Wozniak Integrated Machine 

SWING Subscriber Wireless Network Gateway 

SWISH Simple Web Indexing System for Humans 

SWIW So Weit Ich Weiss (AFAIK) (Slang) 

SWL Short Wave Laser/Listener 

SWP Semantic Web Publishing 

SWP Semi-orthogonal Wavelet Packet 

SWP Shortest Widest Path 

SWP Simple Web Printing 

SWP Single-Wafer Processing 

SWP Software Package/Program


SWP Surface Wave Propagation 

SWP Swap (file, partition) 

SWP Swisscom Workplace 

SWR Standing Wave Ratio 

SWS Scientific Workstation 

SWS Silly Window Syndrom 

SWT Shockwave Template 

SWT Softwaretechnik 

SWT Standard Widget Toolkit 

SX Simplex 

SXE Safe Execution Environment 

SXGA Super Extended Graphics Array 

SXXM Unextended Numbering Set Mode 

SYLK Symbolic Link Format (Microsoft) 

SYN Synchonizing Segment 

SYN Synchronous Idle 

SYSOP System Operator 

T Telecomm, Telephone, Terminal, Text, Time 

T Taktleitung 

T Transmit Data 

TA Terminaladapter, Informationstechnische Anschlussdose 

TA Traffic Announcement 

TA Transmitter Address 

TAB Tabulator 

TAB Technical Advisory Board 

TABD Transatlantic Business Dialogue 

TABYAS Thinking All But You Are Stupid (Slang) 

TAC Terminal Access Control/Controller 

TAC Transparent Audio Coding 

TAC Type Approval Code 

TACACS Terminal Access Controller Access Control System 

TACC Texas Advanced Computing Center, USA 

TACS Total Access Communications 

TAD Telephone Answering Device 

TADS Text Adventure Development System 

TAE Telekommunikations-Anschluss-Einheit 

TAFN That’s All For Now (Slang) 

TAG Technology Advisors Group

423 

TAG Text And Graphics 

TAG Tiny Aggregation 

TAGC Tag Close Delimiter 

TAI Temps Atomique International 

TAL Teilnehmeranschlussleitung 

TAL Template Attribute Language 

TALES Template Attribute Language Expression Syntax 

TAM Telefon, Anrufbeantworter, Modem 

TAM Telephone Answering Machine 

TAN Total Area Network 

TAN Transaction Number 

TANJ There Ain’t No Justice (Slang) 

TANSTAAFLThere Ain’t No Such Things As A Free Lunch (Slang) 

TAO Telephony Application Object 

TAO The ACE ORB 

TAO Track At Once 

TAO Traduction Assistee par Ordinateur 

TAOCP The Art Of Computer Programming (D. Knuth) 

TAP Telcom Advantage Packaging 

TAP Telecator Alphanumeric Protocol 

TAP Terminal Access Point 

TAP Test Access Port 

TAPI Telephony Application Programming Interface (Intel, Microsof 

TAPR Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Group 

TAR Tape Archive (Format) 

TARFU Things Are Really Fouled Up (Slang) 

TAS Telephone Answering Service 

TASI Time-Assignment Speech Interpolation 

TAU Test Access Unit 

TAV Test, Analyse, Verifikation (von Software) 

TAXI Transparent Asynchronous Transceiver Interface 

TBB Threading Building Blocks (Intel) 

TBC Time Base Corrector 

TBETSI Technischer Beirat für Normungsfragen des ETSI 

TBF Technisch betriebliche Funktionsbedingungen 

TBH To Be Honest (Slang) 

TBL Technik für Betriebslenkung 

TBL Tim Berners-Lee 

TBO Total Benefits of Ownership 

TBRPF Topology dissemination Based on Reverse Path Forwarding


TBT Truncated Binary Tree 

TC Technical Committee/Corrigendum 

TC Telecine 

TC Transform Coding 

TC Transmission Control/Convergence 

TC Treatment Code 

TC Trust Center 

TCA Telecommunications Carrier Association 

TCA Tightly Coupled Architecture 

TCA Traffic Conditioning Agreement 

TCAP Transaction Capability Application Part 

TCB Trouble Came Back 

TCB Trusted Computer/Computing Base 

TCCC IEEE Technical Committee on Computer Communications 

TCE Transmission Control Element 

TCF Transparent Computing Facility 

TCFS Transparent Cryptographic File System 

TCG Trusted Computing Group 

TCH Traffic Channel 

TCI Tag Control Information 

TCIF Telecommunications Industry Forum, USA 

TCL Tool Command Language 

TCM Terminal Controller Module 

TCM Time Compression Multiplexing 

TCM Trellis Code Modulation 

TCMP Tightly Coupled Multiprocessor System 

TCNG Traffic Control Next Generation 

TCNS Thomas Conrad Networking System 

TCO Tjänstemännens Centralorganisation (Schweden) 

TCO Total Cost of Ownership 

TCOS IEEE Technical Committee on Operating Systems 

TCP Tape Carrier Package 

TCP TeX Code Page 

TCP Transmission Control Protocol/Program (Internet) 

TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, TCP/IP (Internet 

TCPA Time of Closest Point of Approach 

TCPA Trusted Computing Platform Alliance/Architecture 

TCQ Tagged Command Queuing 

TCR Telephone Conversation Record 

TCS Telephony Control Specification

425 

TCS Terminating Call Screening 

TCSB Traffic Control State Block 

TCSEC Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (Orange Book) 

TCT The Coroner’s Toolkit 

TCU Transmission Control Unit 

TCW Tagged Control Word 

TD Transmit Data 

TDA Tactile Digital Assaistant 

TDA Telediffusion d’Algerie 

TDA Temporal Data Authority 

TDA Terminal Data Adapter 

TDA To Do Archive 

TDA Tracking and Data Acquisition 

TDA Traffic Data Acquisition 

TDA Transition Data Analysis 

TDA Transmitted/Transported Data 

TDA Tunnel Diode Amplifier 

TDAB Terrestrial Digital Audio Broadcasting, T-DAB 

TDAC Time Domain Aliasing Cancellation 

TDB Trivial Data Base 

TDC Transparent/Tranportation Data Channel 

TDCC Transportation Data Coordinating Committee 

TDD Telecommunication Device for the Deaf 

TDD Time Division Duplex 

TDDSG Teledienstedatenschutzgesetz 

TDDSGDVOTeledienstedatenschutzgesetzdurchführungsverordnung 

TDE Telescript Development Environment 

TDES Triple Data Encryption Standard 

TDF Telediffusion de France 

TDF Telemetry/Tracking Data Formatter 

TDF Time Division/Domain Filtering 

TDF Title/Trace/Typeface Definition File/Format 

TDF Transaction Data File 

TDF Transborder/Transnational Data Flow 

TDF Transformada De Fourier 

TDG Telekommunikations-Dienst-Gesetz, Teledienstegesetz 

TDHS Time Domain Harmonic Scaling 

TDI Transport Driver Interface 

TDL Trusted Devices List 

TDM Time Division Multiplexer/Multiplexing


TDMA Time Division Multiple/Multiplex Access 

TDMF Transparent Data Migration Facility 

TDP Tag Distribution Protocol 

TDP Thermal/Typical Design Power 

TDR Time Domain Reflectometer/Reflectometry 

TDRS Tracking and Data Relay Satellite 

TDS TeX Directory Structure 

TDSR Transmitter Data Service Request 

TDSV Telekommmunikations-Datenschutz-Verordnung 

TDT Terrestrial Dynamic Time 

TDU Topology Database Update 

TDX Time Domain Crosstalk 

TE Terminal Equipment 

TE Traffic Engineering 

TE Type Enforcement 

TEA Tiny Encryption Algorithm 

TEB Thread Environment Block 

TECO Tape/Text Editor and Corrector 

TED Telefonischer Ermittlungsdienst 

TEGFET Two-dimensional Electron Gas Field Effect Transistor 

TEHO Tail End Hop Off 

TEI Terminal Endpoint Identifier 

TEI Text Encoding and Interchange 

TEI Text Encoding Initiative 

TEI Transport Error Indicator 

TEL Trans Europe Line 

TELEX Telegraph Exchange (Fernschreiben) 

TELNET Telecommunications Network 

TEMEX Telemetry Exchange 

TEMPE Telecommunications and Enterprise Multimedia Platform Environ 

TEN Trans European Network 

TEP Transequatorial Propagation 

TER Terminal Interface 

TET Test Environment Toolkit 

TETRA Trans European/Terrestrial Trunked Radio (System) 

TF Task Force 

TF Term Frequency 

TF Trägerfrequenz 

TFA Transparent File Access 

TFB Terminal Framing Bit/Bits

427 

TFB Thin Film Battery 

TFB Time Frequency Bus 

TFC Thermal Fly-height Control 

TFC Traffic Channel 

TFD Thin Film Diode 

TFDD Text File Device Driver 

TFE Türfreisprecheinrichtung 

TFEL Thin Film Electroluminescent 

TFH Text File/Files from Hell (Slang) 

TFH Thanks For Helping (Slang) 

TFH Thin Film Head 

TFM TeX Font Metric 

TFN Tribe Flood Network 

TFS Translucent File System (Sun) 

TFT Thin Film Transistor (Display) 

TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol (Internet) 

TFTS Terrestrial Flight Telephone System 

TFTT Thanks For The Thought (Slang) 

TG Target 

TG Transmission Group 

TGAL Think Globally, Act Locally (Slang) 

TGB Tres Grande Bibliotheque 

TGIF Thank God It’s Friday (Slang) 

TGM Timetable Generation Module 

TGN Thesaurus of Geographic Names 

TGN Transmission Group Number 

TGS Ticket Granting Server/Service 

TGT Ticket Granting Ticket 

TH Transmission Header 

TH Trouble History 

THD Technische Hochschule Darmstadt (jetzt TUD), Deutschland 

THP Tomlinson Harashima Precoder 

THT Through Hole Technology 

THT Token Hold/Holding Time/Timer 

THWLAIAS The Hour Was Late, And I Am Senile (Slang) 

THX Thanks (Slang) 

THX Tomlinson Holman’s Experiment 

TI Tele Immersion 

TI Texas Instruments Inc. 

TI Transaction Identifier


TIA Telecommunications Industries Association 

TIA Thanks In Advance (Slang) 

TIA Totally Integrated Automation 

TIAM Terminal Interactive Access Method 

TIB Tag Information Base 

TIB Technische Informationsbibliothek, Hannover 

TIC Token Ring Interface Coupler 

TIC Tongue In Cheek (Slang) 

TICF Transport Independent Convergence for FNA 

TID Target Identifier 

TIDSV Telekommunikations- und Informationsdienstunternehmen-Daten 

TIE Time Interval Error 

TIES Telecom Information Exchange Services, Genf 

TIES Time-Independent Escape Sequence 

TIF Tag Image Format 

TIFF Tag/Tagged Image File Format 

TIG Terminal Internet Gateway 

TIGA Texas Instruments Graphics Architecture 

TIL Technical Information Library 

TIM Thermal Interface Material 

TIM Traffic Indication Map/Message 

TINAR This Is Not A Recommendation/Review (Slang) 

TINC There Is No Cabal (Slang) 

TINS This Is No Shit (Slang) 

TINWIS That Is Not What I Said (Slang) 

TIP Technology Integration Program 

TIP Terminal IMP 

TIP Terminal Interface Processor 

TIP Terminal Internet Protocol 

TIP Transputer Image Processing 

TIPC Telecommunications Information Privacy Code 

TIPC Total Information Processing 

TIPC Transparent Inter Process Communication 

TIPC Transputer Image Processing 

TIPHON Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization over Ne 

TIRPC Transport Independent Remote Procedure Call 

TISE Take It Somewhere Else (Slang) 

TK Telekommunikation 

TKG Telekommunikationsgesetz 

TKIP Temporal Key Integrity Protocol

TKO Telekommunikationsordnung 

TKÜV Telekommunikations-Überwachungsverordnung 

TKV Telekommunikations-Kundenschutzverordnung 

TKZULV Telekommunikationszulassungsverordnung 

TL Transport Layer 

TLA Temporal Logic of Actions 

TLA Three Letter Acronym 

TLA Top Level Aggregator 

TLAB Translation Look Aside Buffer 

TLAP Token Talk Link Access Protocol 

TLB Translation Look Aside Buffer 

TLC Target Language Compiler 

TLD Top Level Domain 

TLDP The Linux Documentation Project 

TLER Time Limited Error Recovery 

TLGE The Little Golem Editor 

TLH Top Level Hierarchy 

TLI Transport/Transfer Layer/Library Interface 

TLK Trusted Linux Kernel 

TLM Telemetry (word) 

TLN Telephone/Transfer Line Number 

TLN Terminal Location Number 

TLN The Learning/Library/Local Network 

TLN Too Late Now (Slang) 

TLN Transnational Learning Network 

TLN Trunk Line Network 

TLNKG Teilnehmerkennung (NUI) 

TLQ Top Letter Quality 

TLS Transport Layer Security 

TLS Three Level Scheduling 

TLT Teaching, Learning, and Technology 

TLT Temporal Logic of Transitions 

TLU Table Lookup 

TLV Tag, Length, Value 

TM Tape/Trade Mark 

TM Terminal Multiplexer 

TM Test Mode 

TM Traffic Management 

TM Transaction Monitor 

TM Turing Machine 

429


TMA Telecom Management 

TMA Telecommunication Managers’ Association 

TMA Telekom Malaysia 

TMA Thinfilm Micromirror Array 

TMA Timeseries Moving Average 

TMA Tivoli Management Agent 

TMA Trusted Mail Agent 

TMAC Telex Multimedia Audio Communication 

TMAC Tool Monitor Adaptive Control 

TMC Traffic Message Channel 

TMD Time Division Multiplexing 

TMDS Transition Minimized Differential Signal 

TME Tetra Meldeempfänger 

TME Tivoli Management Environment 

TMG Telemediengesetz 

TMM Testing Maturity Model 

TMN Telecom Managed Network 

TMN Telecommunications Management Network 

TMO Thermal Magnetic Optical 

TMP Temporary 

TMR Triple Modular Redundancy 

TMR Tunnel/Tunneling Magnetoresistance 

TMRC Tech Model Railroad Club 

TMS Truth Maintenance System 

TMSI Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity 

TMSL Test and Measurement Systems Language 

TMTO Time Memory Trade Off 

TMTOWTDIThere’s More Than One Way To Do It (Slang) 

TN TelNet 

TN Twisted Nematic (panel) 

TNA Temex-Netzabschluss 

TNB Teilnehmernetzbetreiber 

TNB Telekommunikationsnetz-Betreiber 

TNC Terminal Node Controller 

TND (Directie) Toezicht Netwerken en Diensten (NL) 

TNFEM Twisted Nematic Field Effective Material 

TNHD The New Hackers’s Dictionary 

TNN Transport Network Node 

TNPC Taiwan New PC Consortium 

TNPP Telocator Network Paging Protocol

TNS Temporal Noise Shaping 

TNS Transparent Network Substrate 

TNV Total Network Visibility 

TNX Thanks (Slang) 

TO Timeout 

TOA Type Of Address 

TOC Table Of Content/Contents 

TOD Time Of Day 

TODO (kein Akronym, to do = noch zu erledigen) 

TOE TCP/IP Offload Engine 

TOEIC Test of English for International Communication 

TOF Task Oriented Forms 

TOF Top of Form 

TOFU Text Oben, Fullquote Unten (Slang) 

TOI T-Online International AG 

TOJ Tears Of Joy (Slang) 

TOL T-Online 

TOM T-Online Messenger 

TOP Table Of Pages 

TOP Technical and Office Protocol 

TOPFET Temperature and Overload Protected FET 

TOR Telex Over Radio 

TOR The Onion Router 

TOS Tape Operating System 

TOS The/Tramiel’s Operating System 

TOS Top Of Stack 

TOS Type Of Service 

TOUR Transport Optional Upgrade Release 

TP Technology Preview 

TP Tiefpass 

TP Traffic Program 

TP Transaction Processing 

TP Transport Protocol 

TP Turbo PASCAL 

TP0 Transport Protocol Class 0 (OSI) 

TP4 Transport Protocol Class 4 (OSI) 

TPA Transient Program Area 

TPC Transaction Processing/Performance Council 

TPC Transmit Power Control 

TPDDI Twisted Pair Distributed Data Interface 

431


TPDU Transport Protocol Data Unit 

TPEP Trusted Product Evaluation Program 

TPF The Perl Foundation 

TPF Transmission Priority Field 

TPH Transport Packet Header 

TPI Tag Protocol Identifier 

TPI tracks per inch 

TPM Terrible/Trusted Platform Module 

TPM Third Party Maintenance 

TPM Transactions Per Minute 

TPM Trusted Platform Module 

TPS Third Person Shooter 

TPS Transaction Processing System 

TPS Transactions Per Second 

TPSE Transaction Processing Service Element 

TPSN Timing-Sync Protocol for Sensor Networks 

TPTB The Powers That Be (Slang) 

TPU Text Processing Utility 

TPU Transparency Unit 

TPU Turbo PASCAL Unit 

TQFP Thin Quad Flat Package 

TQM Total Quality Management 

TR Task Register 

TR Technische Richtlinie 

TR Terminal Ready 

TR Token Ring 

TR Travan Cartridge 

TR Travel Report 

TR Trunk Reservation 

TRA Technology Related Anxiety 

TRA Telecommunications Research Associates 

TRAC Telecommunications Recommendations Application Committee 

TRAU Transcoder and Rate Adaption Unit 

TRC Tone Reproduction Curve 

TRCVR Transmitter-Receiver, Transceiver 

TRDMC Tears Running Down My Cheeks (Slang) 

TRE Telecommunications Research Establishment, Malvern, England 

TREAT Trouble Report Evaluation and Analysis Tool 

TREC Text Retrieval Conference 

TRIL Token Ring Interoperability Lab

433 

TRIP Telephony Routing over IP 

TRIPS Tera-op, Reliable, Intelligently adaptive Processing System 

TRIPS Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights 

TRIZ Teorija Reschenija Isobretatelskich Zadatsch 

TRMPWR Terminator Power (Leitung, SCSI) 

TRNG True Random Number Generator 

TROLI Token Ring Optimized Link Interface 

TRON The Realtime Operating System Nucleus 

TRT Token Ring Terminal 

TRT Token Ring/Rotation Time/Timer 

TRX Transmitter-Receiver, Transceiver 

TS Telesync 

TS Transport Station, Telekom Service 

TSA Target Service Agent 

TSA Technical Support Alliance, Test Signal Analyser 

TSAP Transport Service Access Point (OSI) 

TSAPI Telephony Server/Service Application Programming Interface 

TSB Technical Service Bulletin 

TSC Time Stamp Counter 

TSC Transport Scrambling Control 

TSCC Technical Standards and Common Criteria 

TSCC Technical Support Call/Contact Center 

TSCC Techsmith Screen Capture Codec 

TSCC Terminal Server Connection Configuration 

TSCC Time Slot Control Channel 

TSE Text Setup Environment 

TSF Timing Synchronization Function 

TSM Terminal Server Manager (DEC) 

TSM Tivoli Storage Manager 

TSO TCP Segmentation Offload 

TSO Time Sharing Option (IBM) 

TSOHF Total Sense Of Humour Failure (Slang) 

TSOP Thin Small Outline Package 

TSP Texture and Shading Processor 

TSP Time-Stamp Protocol 

TSP Travelling Salesman Problem 

TSPI Telephony Service Provider Interface 

TSPS Traffic Service Position System 

TSR Terminate and Stay Resident 

TSS Task State Segment


TSS TCP Support for Sensor Networks 

TSS Telecommunications Standardisation/Standards Sector (ITU) 

TSS Temex-Schnittstelle 

TSS Time Sharing System 

TSSDC Task State Segment Descriptor Cache 

TST Transmit Start Threshold 

TSTN Triple Supertwisted Nematic 

TSW Tele-Software 

TSWTCM Time Sliding Window Three Colour Marker 

TT Terminal Timing 

TT Tracing Thread 

TT Trunk Type 

TTAP Trust Technology Assessment Program 

TTBOMK To The Best Of My Knowledge (Slang) 

TTCAN Time Triggered Communications Area Network 

TTCN Testing and Test Control Notation 

TTF Truetype Font, Timetable File 

TTFF Time To First Fix (GPS) 

TTFN Ta Ta For Now (Slang) 

TTI Teaching, Training, and Information 

TTL Time To Live 

TTL Transistor-Transistor-Logik 

TTLS Tunneled Transport Layer Security 

TTML Tagged Text Markup Language 

TTO Tactical Technology Office 

TTP Time Triggered Protocol 

TTP Timed Token Protocol 

TTP Trusted Third Party 

TTRT Target Token Rotation Time/Timer 

TTS Text To Speech 

TTS Transaction Tracking System 

TTT Teleteaching and Training 

TTT That’s The Truth (Slang) 

TTTN Tandem Tie Trunk Network 

TTU Teletex-Telex-Umsetzer 

TTUL Talk To You Later (Slang) 

TTW Through The Web 

TTX Teletex 

TTX Videotext 

TTXAU Teletex Access Unit

435 

TTY Teletype (Fernschreiber) 

TTYL Type/Talk To You Later (Slang) 

TU Tributary Unit 

TUBA TCP and UDP with Big/Bigger Addresses 

TUD Technische Universität Darmstadt (ehemals THD), Deutschla 

TUEB Temex-Uebertragungsbaugruppe 

TUG TeX User Group 

TUG Tributary Unit Group 

TUHS The UNIX Heritage Society 

TUI Text/Touch User Interface 

TULIP TCP and UDP over Lightweight IP 

TUP Telephone User Port 

TUSTEP Tübinger System von Textverarbeitungsprogrammen 

TV Television 

TVC Transient Virtual Channel 

TVI Television Interference 

TVOL TV Online Cable Service 

TVR Temex-Vermittlungsrechner 

TVS Transient Voltage Suppressor 

TVST Teilnehmer-Vermittlungsstelle 

TVX Valid Transmission Time/Timer 

TWAIN Technology Without An Interesting Name 

TWINKLE The Weizman Institute Key Locating Engine 

TWIRP Two Way Infrared Protocol 

TWIU That’s What I Understand/Understood (Slang) 

TWSC Team World Service Center 

TWX Teletypewriter Exchange Service 

TWX Twinax (Cable) 

TX Telex (Fernschreiben) 

TX transmit, Transmitter 

TXC Transmit Clock 

TXD Tranmitted Data 

TXD Transmitter Delay 

TYCLO Turn Your Caps Lock Off (Slang) 

TYVM Thank You Very Much (Slang) 

U Ultra-, Uniform, Universal, Unix, User 

UA Unnumbered Acknowledgement (frame) 

UA User Area/Agent (OSI)


UA Upgrade Advantage 

UAA Universally Administered Address 

UAAC University Academic Advising Center, USA 

UAC Unbalanced Asynchronous Class 

UAC User Account Control 

UAE Universelle Anschlusseinrichtung 

UAE Unrecoverable Application Error 

UAF User Authorization File 

UAM User Authentication Method/Module 

UAP Upper Address Part (Bluetooth) 

UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter 

UAWG Universal ADSL Working Group 

UBB Unified Back Buffer 

UBC Unified Buffer Cache 

UBC University of British Columbia 

UBE Unsolicited Bulk Electronic Mail 

UBH Union de Bloggers Hispanos 

UBH Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg 

UBH Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg 

UBH Usenet Binary Harvester 

UBHR User Block Handling Routine 

UBK Universitätsbibliothek Karlsruhe 

UBR Unspecified/Undefined Bit Rate 

UC Ubiquitous Computing 

UC Universal Code 

UC Upper Case 

UCAID University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development 

UCAR University Corporation for Atmospheric Research 

UCB University of California at Berkeley, USA 

UCD Uniform Call Distributor 

UCD Univention Corporate Desktop 

UCE Unsolicited Commercial Electronic Mail 

UCF Unregister Confirmation 

UCFS Unix Connectivity File Service 

UCI Universal Chess Interface 

UCIR User Controlled Interactive Retrieval 

UCITA Uniform Computer Information Transaction Act 

UCL Universal Communications Language 

UCL University College London 

UCLA University of California at Los Angeles, USA

437 

UCO Unstructured Complex Object 

UCR Undercolor Removal 

UCS Uniform Chromaticity Scale 

UCS Univention Corporate Server 

UCS Universal Card Slot 

UCS Universal Character Set (ISO 10646) 

UCSB University of California at Santa Barbara, USA 

UCSC University of California at Santa Cruz, USA 

UCSD University of California at San Diego, USA 

UCSF University of California at San Francisco, USA 

UDB Universal Database 

UDC User Defined Command 

UDDI Universal Description, Discovery and Integration 

UDF Uniqueness Database File 

UDF Universal Disk Format 

UDF User Defined Function 

UDI Unified Display/Driver Interface 

UDI Universal Document Identifier 

UDI Unrestricted Digital Information 

UDK Universale Dezimalklassifikation 

UDLC Universal Data Link Control 

UDLI Unified Design Language for Integrated Circuits, UDL/I 

UDM Unternehmensdatenmodell 

UDMA Ultra Direct Memory Access 

UDO Ultra Density Optical (storage, disc) 

UDP Usenet Death Penalty (Slang) 

UDP User Datagram Protocol (Internet) 

UDP User Defined Protocol 

UDRP Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (ICANN) 

UDSL Unidirectional/Universal Digital Subscriber Line 

UDSV Teledienst-Unternehmen-Datenschutz-Verordnung 

UDT User Defined Datatype 

UE Unterhaltungs-Elektronik 

UEB Übertragungseinheit mit Basisbandverfahren 

UEC User Environment Component 

UED Unreal Tournament Editor 

UED URL Encoded Data 

UED User Environment Design 

UED User Experience Database/Directory 

UEFI Unified Extensible Firmware Interface


UEG Übertragungseinheit nach ITU G.703 

UEI Übertragungseinheit nach ITU I.430 

UEM Übertragungseinheit mit Modemverfahren 

UEM Universal Energy Management 

UEP Übergabepunkt 

UEP Unequal Error Protection 

UERE User Equivalent Range Error (GPS) 

UEV User End of Volume 

UFC Ubiquitous Fashionable Computer 

UFC Unified File Cache 

UFC URL Filter Client 

UFC User Filtered Content 

UFS Ultra Fast Switching 

UFS Universal/UNIX File System 

UFS Universal Flash Storage 

UG Underrun Goal 

UG User Group 

UGL Universal Glyph List 

UGS Univention Groupware Server 

UHC Unified Hangul Code 

UHCI Universal Host Controller Interface 

UHD User Help Desk 

UHF Ultrahigh Frequency (300 MHz – 3 GHz) 

UHG Ultrahigh Gain (Antenna) 

UHL User Header Label 

UHN Unique Home Node 

UI UNIX International 

UI Unnumbered Information (frame) 

UI User Interface 

UIAP UNIX International Asia/Pacific 

UIC User Identification Code 

UIC User Interface Classes 

UID Unique/Unix/User Identifier 

UIDL Unique Identifier Listing 

UIFRAME Unnumbered Information Frame 

UIL User Interface Language 

UIM User Interface Management 

UIML User Interface Markup Language 

UIMS User Interface Management System 

UIO Userspace Input Output

439 

UIPI User Interface Privilege Isolation 

UIS User Interface Specification 

UIT Union Internationale des Telecommunications 

UKW Ultrakurzwelle 

UL Underwriters’ Laboratory, Inc. 

UL Upload 

UL Urban Legend (Slang) 

ULA Uncommitted Logic Array 

ULA Unique Local Address 

ULD Unabhängiges Landeszentrum für Datenschutz, Kiel 

ULCPC Ultra Low Cost Personal Computer 

UIN Unbreakable Linux Network 

UIN Unique Identification Number 

UIN Universal Internet Number 

ULN Universal Link Negotiation 

ULP Unit in the Last Place 

ULP Upper Layer Protocol 

ULSI Ultra Large Scale Integration 

ULSN Ultra Low Speed Networking 

ULV Ultra Low Voltage 

UM Unified Messaging 

UMA Unified/Uniform Memory Access/Architecture 

UMA Universal Management Architecture 

UMA Unlicensed Mobile Access 

UMA Upper Memory Area 

UMAC Universal Hashing Message Authentication Code 

UMB Upper Memory Block 

UMD Universal Media Disc (Sony) 

UMI User MAN Interface 

UMIT University of Manchester Institute of Technology, UK 

UMIT Utilities, Municipalities, and Independent Telcos 

UML Unified Modeling Language 

UML User Mode Linux 

UMM Unidirectional Multipoint to Multipoint 

UMM Unix Macro Magician 

UMPC Ultra Mobile Personal Computer 

UMS Unified Messaging System 

UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System 

UN Unbalanced Normal 

UN United Nations


UNA Upstream Neighbour Address 

UNC Unbalanced Normal Class 

UNC Uncorrectable (error) 

UNC Unique/Universal Naming Convention 

UNC University of North Carolina, USA 

UNDI Universal Network Device Interface 

UNGTDI UN Guidelines for Trade Data Interchange 

UNI User Network Interface 

UNICOM Universal Integrated Communication System 

UNICORE Uniform Interface to Computing Resources 

UNICOS UNIX-based Cray Operating System 

UNII Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure 

UNIVAC Universal Automatic Computer 

UNIX (kein Akronym, not an acronym) 

UNMA Unified Network Management Architecture 

UNO Universal Network Objects 

UNSW University of New South Wales, Australia 

UP Unambiguous nondeterministic Polynomial time 

UP Unnumbered Poll 

UP User Plane 

UPA Ultra Port Architecture (Sun) 

UPA Usability Professionals Association 

UPC Universal Printer Controller 

UPC Universal Product Code 

UPC Usage/User Parameter Control 

UPE User Portability Extension 

UPGS Unfinished Project Guilt Syndrome 

UPI United Press International 

UPI Universal Peripheral Interface 

UPI Upper Prediction Interval 

UPL User Program Language 

UPM Unidirectional Point to Multipoint 

UPM User Profile Management (IBM) 

UPN Umgekehrte Polnische Notation, RPN 

UPNP Universal Plug and Play 

UPP Unidirectional Point to Point 

UPPS Universal Portable Protocol Stack 

UPS Uninterruptable Power Supply, USV 

UPT Universal Personal Telecommunication (service) 

URA Uniform Resource Agent

441 

URC Uniform Resource Characterictics/Citation 

URD URL Rendezvous Directory 

URGC Uniform Reliable Group Communication Protocol 

URI Uniform/Universal Resource Identifier 

URJ Unregister Reject 

URL Universal/Uniform Resource Locator (Internet) 

URM Unbegrenzte Registermaschine 

URM Universal Retention Module 

URN Uniform Resource Name/Number 

URQ Unregister Request 

URSI Union Radio-Scientifique Internationale 

US Unit Separator 

USAN University Satellite Network 

USART Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter 

USB Universal Serial Bus 

USB Upper Side Band 

USC University of Southern California 

USDC US Display Consortium 

USF Uplink State Flag 

USFF Ultra Slim Form Factor 

USG UNIX Support/System Group (Novell) 

USIA US Information Agency 

USIM Universal Subscriber Identification/Identity Module 

USK Unterhaltungssoftwareselbstkontrolle 

USKA Union Schweizer Kurzwellenamateure 

USL UNIX System Laboratories (AT&T, Novell) 

USLE UNIX System Laboratories Europe 

USM User-based Security Model 

USN Update Sequence Number 

USO UNIX Software Operation 

USOC Uniform Service Order Code 

USRP Universal Software Radio Peripheral 

USRT Universal Synchronous Receiver Transmitter 

USSA Universal Storage System Architecture 

USSD Unstructured Supplementary Service Data 

USTA US Telephone Association 

USV Unterbrechungsfreie Stromversorgung, UPS 

USW Ultra Short Wave 

UT Universal Terminal/Time 

UTC Unicode Technical Committee


UTC Universal Time Coordinated 

UTDOA Uplink Time Difference Of Arrival 

UTF Unicode Transformation Format (UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-32) 

UTI Universal Text Interchange 

UTL User Trailer Label 

UTLB Unified TLB 

UTMA Ultra Thin Client Multiple Access 

UTNET University of Texas Network 

UTP Universal Personal Telephone Service 

UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair 

UTRA UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access 

UTRAN UMTS Radio Access Network 

UTSL Use The Source, Luke (Slang) 

UUCP UNIX to UNIX Copy Program/Protokoll 

UUID Unique Universal Identifier (DCE) 

UUID Universally Unique Identifier 

UULP Unified User Level Protocol 

UUS User to User Signalling 

UUU Unknown UNIX User (J. Random Hacker?) 

UV Ultraviolett 

UVC USB Video Class 

UVD Unified Video Decoder 

UVL User Volume Label 

UVP Under-Voltage Protection 

UWB Ultra Wide Band 

UWG Gesetz gegen den unlauteren Wettbewerb 

UWM Universal Window Manager 

UX Unix (all kinds, BSD + Linux incl.) 

UXGA Ultra Extended Graphics Array 

V Value, Video, Virtual 

V24 V.24(CCITT-Norm für eine serielle Schnittstelle) 

V4FSL System V Release 4 File System Layout 

VA Vertical Alignment (panel) 

VA Virtual Address 

VA Volladdierer 

VA Vulnerability Assessment 

VAB Value Added Business 

VACM View-based Access Control Model

443 

VAD Value Added Driver/Disaster/Dealer 

VAD Value Assignment Delay 

VAD Voice Activity Detection/Detector 

VADCG Vancouver Amateur Digital Communications Group 

VADD Value Added Disk Driver 

VADE View, Add, Delete, Edit 

VADER View, Add, Delete, Edit, Restore 

VADS Value Added Data Service 

VADSL Very High Rate Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line 

VAFC VESA Advanced Feature Connector 

VAL Voice Application Language 

VAM Verband der Anbieter von Mobilfunkdiensten, Bonn 

VAM Virtual Access Method 

VAN Value Added Network 

VANS Value Added Network Services 

VAP Value Added Process 

VAP Virtual Access Point 

VAR Value Added Reseller/Retailer 

VAS Value Added Service 

VASCOM Value Added Services Network Communication 

VAST Vector and Array Syntax Translator 

VAT Video/Visual Audio Tool 

VATM Verband der Anbieter von Telekommunikations- und Mehrwer 

VATP Velazquez Application Transfer Protocol 

VAX Virtual Address Extension (DEC) 

VB Variable Block 

VB VESA Bus 

VB Virtual Beer 

VB Visual Basic 

VBA Visual BASIC for Applications (Microsoft) 

VBE VESA BIOS Extensions 

VBFS Very Big File System 

VBG Very Big Grin (Slang) 

VBL Vertical Blanking 

VBN Vermittelndes/Vermitteltes/Vorläufer Breitbandnetz (Telekom 

VBNS Very High Performance/Speed Backbone/Broadband Network 

VBR Variable Bit Rate (Encoding) 

VBR-NRT Variable Bit Rate - No Real Time 

VBR-RT Variable Bit Rate - Real Time 

VBS Verteiltes Betriebssystem


VBS Visual Basic Script 

VC Virtual Call/Circuit/Channel/Connection/Container 

VCA Voltage Controlled Amplifier 

VCC Virtual Channel Connection 

VCCI Voluntary Control Council for Interferences 

VCD Video Compact Disc 

VCD Virtual Communications Driver 

VCEG Video Coding Experts Group 

VCF Voltage Controlled Filter 

VCI Virtual Channel Identifier/Indicator 

VCK Virtueller Campus Karlsruhe 

VCL Video Coding Layer 

VCL Virtual Channel Link 

VCL Visual Computing Library 

VCLF Virtual (host) Common Logfile Format 

VCM Virtual Channel Memory 

VCO Voltage Controlled Oscillator 

VCPI Virtual Control Programm Interface 

VCR Video Cassette/Conference Recorder 

VCS Virtueller Campus Schweiz 

VCS Version/Virus Control System 

VCSC Virtual Campus Supercomputing Center 

VCSEL Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser 

VCSIP Videotex Communication System for Information Providers 

VCU Voice Communication Unit 

VCX Virtual Component Exchange 

VD Voice + Data, V+D 

VD Volume Descriptor 

VDC Virtual Device Coordinates 

VDCW Verband der Deutschen Content Wirtschaft 

VDD Virtual Device/Display Driver 

VDDM Virtual Device Driver Manager 

VDOP Vertical Dilution Of Precision 

VDE Verallgemeinertes Darstellungselement 

VDE Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker 

VDE Video Display Editor 

VDE Virtual Distributed Ethernet 

VDEW Vereinigung Deutscher Elektrizitätswerke 

VDF Variable Data File 

VDG Video Display Generator

445 

VDI Video Display Interface 

VDI Virtual Desktop Infrastructure 

VDI Virtual Device Interface 

VDM Vienna Development Method 

VDM Virtual DOS Machine 

VDMSL Vienna Development Method – Semantic Language 

VDN Virtual Data Network 

VDP Video Datagram Protocol 

VDP Video Distribution Profile 

VDPI Verein der Post-Ingenieure 

VDR Video Disc Recorder 

VDR Voltage Dependent Resistor 

VDS Virtual Direct Memory Access Service 

VDSL Very High Bitrate/Data Rate Digital Subscriber Line 

VDSO Virtual Dynamically linked Shared Object 

VDT Video/Visual Display Terminal 

VDU Video/Visual Display Unit 

VDV Vorbestellte Dauerwählverbindung 

VE Verbraucher-Elektronik 

VE Vermittlungseinrichtung 

VE Virtual Environment 

VE Volksempfänger 

VECLF Virtual (host) Extended Logfile Format 

VEMM Virtual Expanded Memory Manager 

VERI Virtual Environments Research Institute, Houston 

VERIF Verification 

VERP Variable Envelope Return Path 

VESA Video Electronics Standards Association 

VEX Video Extensions to XWS 

VF Voice Frequency 

VFAT Virtual File Allocation Table 

VFD Vacuum Fluorescent Display 

VFH Virtuelle Fachhochschule 

VFIP Voice File Interchange Protocol (Internet) 

VFIR Very Fast Infrared 

VFN Vendor Feature Note 

VFO Variable Frequency Oscillator 

VFPI Verein zur Förderung der Pädagogik der Informationstechnolo 

VFS Versioning File System 

VFS Virtual File System


VFSDX Verordnung für den Fernschreib- und Datexdienst 

VFW Video For Windows (Microsoft) 

VG Volume Group 

VGA Vertical Grid Array 

VGA Video Graphics Array 

VGC Video Graphics Controller 

VGDA Volume Group Descriptor Area 

VGF Voice Grade Facility 

VGNV Verkehrsgebührennachverarbeitung 

VGRA Volume Group Reserved Area 

VGU Virtual Global University 

VHCI Virtual Host Controller Interconnect 

VHD Very/Video High Density 

VHD Virtual Hard Disk/Help Desk 

VHDCI Very High Density Cable Interconnect 

VHDL VHSIC Hardware Description Language 

VHDSL Very High Bit Rate/Speed Digital Subscriber Line 

VHE Virtual Home Environment 

VHF Very High Frequency (30 – 300 MHz) 

VHLL Very High Level Language 

VHS Very High Speed 

VHS Video Home System 

VHS Virtual Host Storage 

VHSIC Very High Speed Integrated Circuit 

VHSIM Very High Speed Interface Module 

VHT Verteilte Hash-Tabelle 

VIA Vendors ISDN Association 

VIA Virtual Interface Architecture 

VIAD Video Image Area Definition 

VIB Video Interface Bus 

VIB Virtualisierung im Bildungsbereich 

VIBTS VTAM Integrated Bulk Data Transfer System 

VIC Video/Voice Interface Card/Controller 

VID VLAN Identifier 

VID Voltage Identification 

VEIL Video Encoded Invisible Light 

VIKAR Virtueller Hochschulverbund Karlsruhe 

VIM Vendor Independent Messaging 

VINCE Vendor Independent Network Control Entity 

VINES Virtual Network/Networking System/Software (Banyan)

447 

VIO Video/Virtual/Voltage Input Output 

VIOLA Vertically Integrated Optical Testbed for Large Applications 

VIOLD Vision Impaired On-line Documentation (DEC) 

VIP Variable Information Processing 

VIP Video Input Processor 

VIP Video Interface Port 

VIP Virtual IP (address, network) 

VIRIM Virtual Reality in Medicine 

VIROR Virtuelle Universität Oberrhein 

VIS Voice Information System, Virtual Instruction Set 

VISC Video Instruction Set Computing 

VISDP verantwortlich im Sinne des Pressegestzes 

VITA VMEbus International Trade Association 

VITAL Virtually Integrated Technical Architecture Lifecycle (Apple) 

VJ Van Jacobsen (Compression) 

VJHC Van Jacobsen Header Compression 

VK Videokonferenz 

VK Visitenkarte 

VK Visuelle Kommunikation 

VKL Verkehrseinschränkungsklasse 

VL Virtual Life (Slang) 

VL Volume Location 

VLA Very Large Array 

VLA Volume License Agreement 

VLAN Very/Virtual Local Area Network 

VLB Verzeichnis lieferbarer Bücher 

VLB VESA Local Bus 

VLBA Very Long Baseline Array 

VLBI Very Long Baseline Interferometry 

VLC Variable (word) Length Code 

VLDB Very Large Data Base 

VLDB Volume Location Database 

VLDW Very Long Data Word 

VLF Very Low Frequency 

VLF Virtual Lookaside Facility 

VLI Variable Length Integer 

VLIS Verkehrs-Leit und Informations-System 

VLIW Very Long Instruction Word 

VLM Very Large Memory 

VLM Virtual Loadable Module


VLP Very Low Profile 

VLR Visitor Location Register 

VLSI Very Large Scale Integration 

VLSIC Very Large Scale Integration Circuit 

VLSM Variable Length Subnet Mask/Masking 

VM Video Mode 

VM Virtual Machine/Memory 

VMA Virtual Memory Access/Area 

VMB Video Memory Buffer 

VMC VESA Media Channel 

VMD Versatile Multilayer Disc 

VME Versacard Modified for Eurocard (Bus) 

VME Virtual Memory Executive 

VME Virtual (8086) Mode Enhancements 

VMG Video Manager 

VMI Vertical Motion Index 

VMI Video Module Interface 

VMI Virtual Machine Interface 

VMI VMware Machine Interface 

VML Vector Markup Language 

VML Vector Mathematical Library 

VMM Virtual Machine/Memory Manager/Monitor 

VMR Video Mixing Renderer 

VMRP VLAN Membership Resolution Protocol 

VMS Virtual Memory System (DEC) 

VMS Voice Mail/Messaging Server/System 

VMSC Visited Mobile Switching Centre 

VMT Virtual Memory Technique 

VMT Virtual Method Table 

VMTP Versatile Message Transaction Protocol (Internet) 

VMX Vector Multimedia Extension 

VMZ Verkehrsmanagement-Zentrum/Zentrale 

VNA Virtual Network Architecture 

VNC Virtual Network Computing 

VNET Virtual Network 

VNL Via Net Loss 

VNS Virtual Notebook System 

VO Virtual Object/Organization 

VO Vollzugsordnung (Funkdienst) 

VOB Video Object

449 

VOBS Video Object Set 

VOBU Video Object Unit 

VOC Voice (File) 

VOC Volatile Organic Compound 

VOD Video On Demand 

VODS Video Operators Distress Syndrom 

VOF Vollzugsordnung für den Funkdienst 

VOFDM Vector Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing 

VOFR Voice over Frame Relay 

VOI Verband der Optischen Informationssysteme 

VOIP Voice over IP 

VOL Volume Label 

VON Video/Voice Over Net 

VOR VHF Omnidirectional Radio Range 

VOS Virtual Operating System 

VOTS VAX OSI Transport Service 

VOX Voice Operated Transmission 

VP Virtual Path 

VPA Virtual Proxy Agent 

VPC Very Personal Computer 

VPC Virtual Path Connection 

VPC Virtual Personal Computer 

VPD Vacuum Photo Diode 

VPD Verified Pateint Data 

VPD Version Planning Document 

VPD Vertical Polar Diagram 

VPD Vertically Polarized Dipole 

VPD Virtual Predictive Dialing 

VPD Virtual Printer Device 

VPD Virtual Private Database 

VPD Virtual Product Development 

VPD Vital Product Data (IBM) 

VPD Voice Packet Driver 

VPD Volunteer Project Directory 

VPDN Virtual Private Data/Dialup Network 

VPDS Virtual Private Data Service 

VPE Virtual Processing Element 

VPI Virtual Path Identifier/Indicator 

VPL Virtual Path Link 

VPL Virtual/Visual Programming Language


VPLS Virtual Private LAN/Line Service 

VPM Virtual Protocol Machine 

VPN Virtual Private Network 

VPNS Virtual Private Network Service 

VPO Virtual Projection Origin 

VPP Value Predictability Pattern 

VPP Virtual Presence Protocol 

VPP Volts Peak to Peak 

VPP VXI Plug + Play 

VPRT Verband Privater Rundfunk und Telekommunikation 

VPS Verbindungsprogrammierte Steuerung 

VPS Video Program/Programm/Programmier-Service/System 

VPS Virtual Private Server 

VPT Virtual Printing Technology 

VPU Video/Virtual/Visual/Vector/Voice Processing/Processor Unit 

VPV Videotex programmiert Video-Recorder 

VPWS Virtual Private Wire Service 

VQ Vector Quantization 

VQEG Video Quality Experts Group 

VQF Vector Quantization Format 

VR Virtual Reality/Route 

VR Voltage Regulator 

VRA Vollständiger Regulärer Ausdruck 

VRAM Video Random Access Memory 

VRC Vertical Redundancy Check 

VRC Viewing Reference Coordinate 

VRC Virtual Route Control 

VRCA Virtual Reality Center Aachen 

VRCB Virtual Route Control Block 

VRD Virtual Retinal Display 

VRF Vector Register File 

VRF Video Recording Format 

VRID Virtual Route Identifier 

VRM Variable Range Marker 

VRM Voltage Regulator Module 

VRML Virtual Reality Modeling Language 

VRN Virtual Route Number 

VROOMM Virtual Realtime Object-Oriented Memory Management 

VRP Viewing Reference Point 

VRPRQ Virtual Route Pacing Request

451 

VRPRS Virtual Route Pacing Response 

VRRP Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol 

VRU Voice Response Unit 

VRV Vorwärts-Rückwärts-Verhältnis 

VS Virtual Storage 

VSA Virtual Server Architecture 

VSA Virtual Storage Access 

VSAM Virtual Storage Access Method 

VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal 

VSC Voice Security Card 

VSD Variable Speed Drive 

VSE Verification Support Environment 

VSE Virtual Storage Extended 

VSF Vertical Scanning Frequency 

VSI Verband der Software-Industrie Deutschlands e. V. 

VSI Virtual Socket Interface (Alliance) 

VSIS Video Signal Standard (VESA) 

VSK Video-Sender-Kennung 

VSL Vienna Symphonic Library 

VSL Virtual Socket Library 

VSM Virtual Shared Memory 

VSM Virtual Storage Management 

VSMO Virtual Social Memory Organizer 

VSMSC Virtual Short Message Center 

VSN Virtual Switched Network 

VSO Variable Speed Operation 

VSO Vertical Synchronization Offset 

VSO VITA Standards Organization 

VSOP Very Special Old Programmer (like me) 

VSOS Virtual Storage Operating System 

VSPW Vertical Synchronization Pulse Width 

VST Vermittlungsstelle 

VST Voltage Settling Time 

VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio 

VSX Verification Suite for X/Open 

VSYNC Vertical Synchronization (signal) 

VT Vanderpool Technology (Intel) 

VT Vertical Tabulator 

VT Video/Virtual Terminal 

VT Visualization Tool


VTAM Virtual Terminal/Telecommunications Access Method 

VTB Video Timing Block 

VTC Vertical Transistor Cell 

VTC Video Teleconference Center 

VTCO Virtual Terminal Control Object 

VTM Verband der Telekommunikationsnetz- und Mehrwertdiensteanbie 

VTOA Voice and Telephony Over ATM 

VTOC Volume Table Of Contents 

VTOS Virtual Time Operating System 

VTP Virtual Terminal Protocol 

VTS Video Title Set 

VTS Virtual Tape/Terminal Server/Service/Support 

VTS Voucher Trading System 

VTSU Virtual Terminal Support 

VU Volume Unit (Lautstärke) 

VUD Verband der Unterhaltungssoftware Deutschland 

VUE Visual User Environment 

VUEN Virtual University Education Network 

VUI Video User Interface 

VUIT Visual User Interface Tool (DEC) 

VUP VAX Unit of Performance 

VUP Version Upgrade 

VV Versorgungsvereinbarung 

VV Virtual Virtuality 

VVL Verbund Virtuelles Labor 

VVPAT Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail 

VWM Virtual Warehouse Manager 

VXD Virtual Device Driver (Microsoft) 

VXE VESA XGA Extensions 

VXFS VERITAS File System 

VXI VME Extensions for Instrumentation 

VZFDPBDK Verein zur Förderung der privat betriebenen Daten-Kommunikatio 

W Wide, Window, Wireless, World 

W3 WWW, World Wide Web (Internet) 

W3C World Wide Web Consortium 

WAA Wavelet Analysis and its Applications 

WAA Web Analytics Association 

WAA Web Application Adaptor

453 

WAA Wireless Advertising Association 

WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System 

WAB What Another Bill (Slang) 

WABI Windows Application Binary Interface 

WACK Wait Acknowledgement 

WACS Wireless Access Communications System 

WAD Wählautomat für Datenverbindungen 

WADFS Wide Area Distributed File System 

WAE Worked All Europe 

WAENA Wide Area Educational Network 

WAF Web Application Firewall 

WAF Womens’ Acceptance Factor 

WAFL Write Anywhere File Layout 

WAI Web Accessibility Initiative 

WAIK Windows Automated Installation Toolkit 

WAIS Wide Area Information Servers/Service 

WAITS Wide Area Information Transfer System 

WAL Write Ahead Logging 

WAM Warren Abstract Machine 

WAM Wide Amplitude Modulation 

WAMKSAM Why Are My Kids Staring At Me? (Slang) 

WAMP Windows, Apache, MySQL, PHP 

WAMPUM Ward’s Automated Menu Package Using Microcomputers 

WAN Wide Area Network 

WAO Warteschlange der ablaufbereiten Objekte 

WAP Wireless Application Protocol 

WAP Wissenschaftlicher Arbeitsplatz 

WAPECS Wireless Access Policy for Electronic Communication Services 

WAPI Wireless Authentication and Privacy Infrastructure 

WARC World Administrative Radio Conference 

WASP Web Standards Project 

WATS Wide Area Telephone/Telecommunications Service 

WATTC World Administrative Telegraph and Telephone Conference 

WAWA Work Anywhere With Anybody 

WB Welcome Back (Slang) 

WB Write Back 

WBA Wireless Broadband Access 

WBC Web Based Communication 

WBC Wide Band Channel 

WBEM Web Based Enterprise Management


WBM Web Based Management 

WBRC Württembergisch-Badischer Radioclub 

WBT Web Based Training 

WBT Windows Based Terminal 

WC Workgroup Computing 

WC World Coordinate 

WC Worst Case 

WCAG Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 

WCF Waveguide Cavity Filter 

WCF Weather/Wireless Communications Facility 

WCF Web Component Framework 

WCF Windows Communication Foundation 

WCF Word Class Function 

WCCP Web Cache Coordination Protocol 

WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access 

WCE Write Cache Enable 

WCMS Web Content Management System 

WCP Worst Current Practice 

WCPN Wireless Customer Premises Network 

WCS Wireless Control System 

WCS Writable Control Store 

WCT WIPO Copyright Treaty 

WD Western Digital 

WDA Wahldiensteanbieter 

WDDM Windows Display Driver Model 

WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexer/Multiplexing 

WDM Windows Driver Model 

WDS Wireless Distribution System 

WDSL Wireless Digital Subscriber Line 

WDYMBT What Do You Mean By That (Slang) 

WDYS What Did You Say (Slang) 

WDT Watchdog Timer 

WE Write Enable 

WEB Workshop on E-Business 

WEB World Entertainment Broadcasting 

WEB (short for:) World Wide Web, WWW 

WEBDAV Web Document Authoring And Versioning 

WEEB Western European EDIFACT Board 

WEEE Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment 

WEFT Web Embedding Fonts Tool (Microsoft)

455 

WELL Whole Earth ’Lectronic Link 

WEP Wired/Wireless Equipment/Equivalent Privacy/Protocol 

WF Workflow 

WFA Wi-Fi Alliance 

WFG Wait For Graph 

WFM Wide Frequency Modulation 

WFM Wired for Management 

WFM Works For Me (and no one else) 

WFMC Workflow Management Coalition 

WFMS Workflow Management System 

WFP Wait for First Packet 

WFP Well Formed Path 

WFP Windows File Protection 

WFQ Weighted Fair Queuing 

WFS Woodstock File Server 

WFW Windows For Workgroups (Microsoft) 

WG Working Group (ISO) 

WGA Windows Genuine Advantage 

WGDTB Working Group on Digital Television Broadcasting 

WGIG Working Group on Internet Governance (ITU) 

WGS Work Group System 

WGS World Geodetic System (WGS84) 

WHAK With Hugs And Kisses (Slang) 

WHNF Weak Head Normal Form 

WHQL Windows Hardware Quality Lab 

WIA Windows Image Acquisition 

WIBNI Would It Be Nice If (Slang) 

WIC Wireless Indoor Communication 

WILD Wireless Interactive Learning Device 

WIMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access 

WIMP Windows, Icons, Menus/Mice, Pointing (s. a. MUFF) 

WIMPS Windows, Icons, Menus/Mice, Pointing, Scroll bars 

WIMRE Wenn Ich Mich Recht Erinnere (Slang) 

WIN Wireless Inhouse Network 

WIN Wissenschaftsnetz des DFN (X.25) 

WINS Windows Internet Name Service (Microsoft) 

WINS Wireless Integrated Network Sensor 

WIP Work In Progress (Slang) 

WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization 

WIS Windows Installer Service


WISOA WIMAX Spectrum Owners Alliance 

WISP Wireless Internet Service Provider 

WKS Well Known Service/Socket (Internet) 

WL Wear Leveling 

WLAN Wireless Local Area Network 

WLANA Wireless LAN Association 

WLBS Windows Load Balancing Service 

WLL Wireless Local Loop 

WLM Workload Manager 

WM Window Manager 

WMA Windows Media Audio 

WMAN Wireless Metropolitan Area Network 

WMD Web Media Developers 

WMD Windows Media Device/Download 

WMD World Mail Directory 

WMD WYSIWYM Markdown (language, editor) 

WMDRM Windows Media Digital Rights Management 

WME Windows Media Encoder 

WMF Windows Media/Metafile Format 

WMI Windows Management Interface/Instrumentation 

WML Wireless Markup Language 

WMM Wi-Fi Multimedia 

WMN Wireless Mesh Network 

WMR Wireless Meshing Router 

WMRS Write Me Real Soon (Slang) 

WMS Wide Area Master Station 

WMT Windows Media Technologies 

WMV Windows Media Video 

WNIC WAN Interface Coprocessor 

WNIM WAN Interface Module 

WNP Weissbier Networking Protocol (Microhopf) 

WNPP Work-Needing and Prospective Package (Debian) 

WOA Web Object Application 

WOCNRA Wobble Signal to Noise Ration after Recording 

WOD Web Object Definition 

WOK Wake On Keyboard 

WOL Wake On LAN 

WOL Window Object Library 

WOLF Weak Signal Operation for Low Frequency 

WOM Wake On Modem

WOM Write-Only-Memory 

WOMBAT Waste Of Money, Brains, And Time (Slang) 

WOP Werkstattorientierte Programmierung 

WORM Write Once, Read Many/Multiple 

WOS Web Object Script 

WOS Web/Workplace/Workstation Operating System 

WOS Webserver On Stick 

WOS Windows Open Services 

WOS Wireless Office Services/Solutions/System 

WOS Wizards of OS (Operating Systems) 

WOS Workshop for Open Systems 

WOSA Windows Open Systems Architecture (Microsoft) 

WOT Web Of Trust 

WOTA Who’s On The Air (database) 

WP White Pages 

WP Wikipedia 

WP Word Processor 

WP Write Protected 

WPA Wi-Fi Protected Access 

WPAN Wireless Personal Area Network 

WPC Wearable Personal Computer 

WPD Windows Printer Description 

WPF Windows Presentation Foundation 

WPHD Write Protected Hard Disk 

WPIM WAN Interface Port Module 

WPM words per minute 

WPPT WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty 

WPS Wi-Fi Protected Setup 

WPS Windows Printing System 

WPS Workplace Shell (IBM) 

WRAM Window Random Access Memory 

WRB Web Request Broker 

WREL Wireless Resonant Energy Link 

WRL (DEC) Western Research Laboratory 

WRP Winsock Redirection Protocol 

WRR Weighted Round Robin 

WRS Wide Area Ground Reference Station 

WRT With Regard/Respect To (Slang) 

WRTH World Radio and Television Handbook 

WS Wide Screen 

457


WS Window Size 

WS Workstation 

WSAD Websphere Studio Application Developer 

WSDL Web Services Description Language 

WSGI (Python) Web Server Gateway Interface 

WSH Windows Scripting Host 

WSIS World Summit on the Information Society 

WSN Wireless Sensor Network 

WSP Web Standards Project 

WSQ Wavelet Scalar Quantization 

WSRF Web Services Resource Framework 

WSS Web Services Security 

WSS Windows Sharepoint Services (Microsoft) 

WSS Windows Sound System (Microsoft) 

WST World System Teletext 

WSTS World Semiconductor Trade Statistics 

WSUS Windows Server Update Services 

WT Without Thinking (Slang) 

WT Write Through 

WTB Wanted To Buy (Slang) 

WTH What The Heck/Hell (Slang) 

WTK Wechselstrom-Telegrafie auf Kurzwelle 

WTL Wechselstrom-Telegrafie auf Langwelle 

WTLS Wireless Transport Layer Security 

WTOS Wyse Thin Operating System 

WTS Web/Wireless Tracking System 

WTS Web Transaction Security/Services 

WTS Web Transcoding Server 

WTS WiMAX Test System 

WTS Windows Terminal Server (Microsoft) 

WTS Wireless Telephone System 

WTS World Telecommunication Standardization 

WTT Wanted To Trade (Slang) 

WTTF Want To Test First (Slang) 

WTTM Without Thinking Too Much (Slang) 

WULF Wake Up on Line/Liquid Feed 

WUS Windows Update Services (Microsoft) 

WUSB Wireless Universal Serial Bus 

WUXGA Wide Ultra Extended Graphics Array 

WVQ Wavelet Vector Quantization

459 

WW Wahlwiederholung 

WWC World Wide Computing 

WWDM Wide Wavelength Division Multiplex 

WWG Wieder Was Gelernt (Slang) 

WWOZ Wahre Weingartener Ortszeit 

WWRF Wireless World Research Forum 

WWW W3, World Wide Web, World Wide Waiting, Weltweites Warten 

WWW Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows ME 

WWW Works With and Without 

WWWW World Wide Web Wizard/Worm 

WWWWW World Wide Web Worm Warning 

WXGA Wide Extended Graphics Array 

WYS Whatever You Say (Slang) 

WYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get 

WYSIWYM What You See Is What You Mean 

WYSIWIS What You See Is What I See 

WZC Wireless Zero Configuration 

X Exchange, Execute, Extended, X Window System 

X11 X Window System Version 11 

X11R7 X Window System Version 11 Release 7 

XA Extended Architecture/Attribute 

XAA XFree86 Acceleration Architecture 

XAFS X-ray Absorption Fine Structure 

XAML Extensible Application Markup Language 

XAPIA X.400-API Association 

XAUI 10 Gigabit Attachment Unit Interface 

XBAC Experience Based Admission Control 

XBAP XAML Browser Application 

XBM X Window System Black-and-white Bitmap (file) 

XBRL Extensible Business Reporting Language 

XCBP XML Common Biometric Format 

XCD Extended Compact Disc 

XCHG Exchange 

XCHS Extended Cylinders, Heads, Sectors 

XCMD Extended Mode Command (Apple) 

XCMD External Command 

XCP Extended Copy Protection (Sony) 

XD Execute Disable


XD Extreme Digital (Card) 

XDCS X/Open Distributed Computing Services 

XDF Extended Density Format (IBM) 

XDLE Transparent Data Link Escape 

XDMCP X11 Display Manager Control Protocol 

XDP XML Data Package 

XDR External/Extended Data Representation 

XDS X/Open Directory Service 

XED XML Enabled Directory 

XETB Transparent End of Transmission Block 

XETX Transparent End of Text 

XEWA XML-Enabled Wide Area Search in Bioinformatics 

XFA Extended File Attribute 

XFA XML Forms Architecture 

XFCN External Function 

XFDF XML Forms Data Format 

XFDL Extensible Forms Description Language 

XFN X/Open Federated Naming Service 

XFS Extensions for Financial Services 

XFS SGI Extended File System 

XFS X11 Extended File System 

XFS X11 Font Server 

XG Extended General MIDI 

XGA Extended Graphics Array (IBM) 

XHCI Extended Host Controller Interface 

XHTML Extensible Hypertext Markup Language 

XID Exchange Identifier/Identification 

XIE X11 Image/Imaging Extension (Standard) 

XIE-DIS XIE Document Imaging Subset 

XIM X11 Input Method 

XIO Extended Input Output 

XITB Transparent Intermediate Block 

XKB X11 Keyboard Extension 

XLATE Translate 

XLFD X11 Logical Font Description/Descriptor 

XLINK Extended Local Informatik Netz Karlsruhe 

XLL Extensible Linking Language 

XLL XLink and XPointer Languages 

XLM Excel Macro Language (Microsoft) 

XMI XTendbus Multibus Interface

461 

XMIT Transmit 

XML Extensible Markup Language 

XMM Extended Memory Manager 

XMP X/Open Management Protocol 

XMP Extensible Metadata Platform (Adobe) 

XMPP Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol 

XMS Extended Memory Specification 

XMSN Transmission 

XMT Transmit 

XMTR Transmitter 

XNS Xerox Network Services/Standard/System 

XOFF Exchange/Transmitter Off 

XOM X/Open Management 

XON Exchange/Transmitter On 

XOR Exclusive Or (auch: EOR) 

XORP Extensible Open Router Platform 

XOS Experimental Operating System 

XOT X.25 Over TCP/IP 

XP Cross Point 

XP Extreme Programming 

XPC X11 Performance Characterization Group 

XPEL X11 Protocol Engine Library 

XPFE Cross Platform Front End 

XPG X/Open Portability Guide 

XPLA Extended Programmable Logic Array 

XPM X Window System Pixelmap (file) 

XPS XML Paper Specification 

XPT External Page Table 

XPVM Executable Parallel Virtual Machine 

XR Index Register 

XRC Extended Remote Copy 

XREF Cross Reference List 

XSC Extended Scientific Calculation 

XSDT Extended System Description Table 

XSI X/Open Systenm Interface Specification 

XSL Extensible Style(sheet) Language 

XSLFO Extensible Style(sheet) Language Formatting Object 

XSLT Extensible Style(sheet) Language Transformation 

XSMD Extended Storage Module Drive 

XSMP X11 Session Manager Protocol


XSS Cross-Site Scripting 

XSSI Extended Server Side Includes 

XSSO X/Open Single Sign-On (Service) 

XSTX Transparent Start of Text 

XSYN Transparent Synchronous Idle 

XT Crosstalk 

XT Extended Technology 

XTAL Crystal 

XTCLK External Transmit Clock 

XTI X/Open Transport (Layer) Interface 

XTP XPress Transfer Protocol 

XTTD Transparent Temporary Text Delay 

XUI X11 User Interface 

XUL Extensible/XML-Based User Interface Language 

XUMA Expertensystem Umweltgefährlichkeit von Altlasten 

XVE X11 Visual Extensions 

XVI XTendbus VMEbus Interface 

XVS X/Open System V Specification 

XVT Extensible Virtual Toolkit 

XWD X11 Window Dump 

XWS X Window System, X11 

Y2K Year 2000 A.D. 

YABA Yet Another Bloody Acronym (Slang) 

YAFIYGI You Asked For It, You Got It (Slang) 

YAFFS Yet Another Flash File System 

YALE Yet Another Learning Environment 

YAODL Yet Another Object Description Language 

YAPC Yet Another Perl Conference 

YAPL Yet Another Programming Language 

YAS Yet Another Society 

YCAGWYW You cannot always get what you want (Slang) 

YDL Yellow Dog Linux 

YKWIS You Know What I’m Saying (Slang) 

YMD Year Month Day (ISO 8601) 

YMMD You Made My Day (Slang) 

YMMD Your Mileage May Differ/Diminish (Slang) 

YMMV Your Mileage May Vary (Slang) 

YODL Yet one Other Document Language

463 

YOU YAST Online Update (SuSE) 

YOYOW You Own Your Own Words (Slang) 

YP Yellow Pages (NIS) 

YTTT You Telling The Truth (Slang) 

YUV (Farbmodell: Luminanz Y, Chrominanzwerte U, V) 

Z Zahl, Zeichen, Zeit, Zentral-, Zentrum, Zero, Zone 

ZA Zero Adjusted/Adjuster 

ZA Zero Administration (networking) 

ZA Zone Alarm 

ZAC Zero Administration Client 

ZAI Zero Administration Initiative 

ZAIK Zentrum für Angewandte Informatik, Universität Köln 

ZAK Zero Administration Kit (Microsoft) 

ZAM Zentralinstitut für Angewandte Mathematik, Jülich 

ZBR Zone Bit Recording 

ZBT Zero Bus Turnaround 

ZBTSI Zero-Byte Time Slot Interchange 

ZC Zone Coordinator 

ZCAV Zone/Zoned Constant Angular Velocity 

ZCC Zone Coordinator Council 

ZCLV Zone/Zoned Constant Linear Velocity 

ZCML Zope Configuration Markup Language 

ZCR Zero Channel RAID 

ZCT Zero Count Table 

ZDF Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen, Mainz 

ZDL Zero Delay Lockout 

ZDR Zeilendrucker 

ZDR Zone Density Recording 

ZDVA Zentrale Datenverarbeitungsanlage 

ZE Zentraleinheit 

ZEC Zone Echomail Coordinator 

ZEN Zero Effort Network (Novell) 

ZEO Zope Enterprise Object 

ZF Zwischenfrequenz 

ZFM Zentralamt Für Mobilfunk, Münster 

ZFS Zettabyte File System 

ZFS Zone Field Selection 

ZGDV Zentrum für Graphische Datenverarbeitung


ZGS Zeichengabesystem 

ZHR Zero Hop Routing 

ZI Zentrale Instandhaltung 

ZIA Zentrale Inteliigenz-Agentur 

ZIB Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum für Informationstechnik, Berlin 

ZIF Zero Insertion Force 

ZIMS Zope Inventory Management System 

ZIP Zone Improvement Plan 

ZIP Zone Information Protocol 

ZIS Zertifikationsinfrastruktur 

ZISC Zero Instruction Set Computer 

ZKA Zentraler Kreditausschuss 

ZKD Zentrum für Kommunikationstechnik und Datenverarbeitung, Stu 

ZKDSG Zugangskontrolldiensteschutzgesetz 

ZKM Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie, Karlsruhe 

ZL Zeile 

ZMH Zone Mailing Hour 

ZMI Zone Management Interface 

ZNB ZNYX NetBlaster 

ZODB Zope Object Data Base 

ZOFF Zeichenorientierte Fenster-Funktionen 

ZOO Zone Operation Organisation 

ZOPE Z Object Publishing Environment 

ZPP Zero-error Probabilistic Polynomial time 

ZPT Zope Page Template 

ZPUe Zentralstelle für Private Überspielungsrechte 

ZRTP Zimmermann’s Real-time Transport Protocol 

ZS Zeitschlitz 

ZSI Zentralstelle für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik 

ZSK Zone Signing Key 

ZSL Zero Slot LAN 

ZSP Zwischenspeicher 

ZSS Zentraler Service Switch 

ZTZB Zentrale Technik Zentraler Betriebslenkung 

ZV Zahlungsverkehr 

ZV Zeilenvorschub 

ZV Zoomed Video (Port) 

ZVDFUE Zahlungsverkehr-Datenfernübertragung 

ZVE Zählervergleichseinrichtung 

ZVEH Zentralverband der Deutschen Elektrohandwerke

465 

ZVEI Zentralverband der Elektrotechnik- und Elektronikindustrie 

ZW Zielwahl 

ZWR Zwischenraum (space) 

ZWS Zero Wait State 

ZZF Zentralamt für Zulassungen im Fernmeldewesen 

ZZK Zentraler Zeichenkanal (ISDN)

V Karlsruher Test 

Nicht jedermann eignet sich für so schwierige Dinge wie die elektronische 

Datenverarbeitung. Um Ihnen die Entscheidung zu erleichtern, 

ob Sie in die EDV einsteigen oder sich angenehmeren 

Dingen widmen sollten, haben wir ganz besonders für Sie einen 

Test entwickelt. Woran denken Sie bei: 

Bit Was zum Trinken, aus der Eifel (1 Punkt) 

Schraubendrehereinsatz (1) 

kleinste Dateneinheit (2 Punkte) 

Festplatte Was zum Essen, vom Partyservice (1) 

Schallplatte (0) 

Massenspeicher (2) 

Menü Was zum Essen (1) 

Dialogtechnik (2) 

mittelalterlicher Tanz (0) 

CPU politische Partei (0) 

Zentralprozessor (2) 

Carnevalsverein (0) 

Linker Linkshänder (0) 

Anhänger einer Linkspartei (1) 

Programm zum Binden von Modulen (2) 

IBM Ich Bin Müde (1) 

International Business Machines (2) 

International Brotherhood of Magicians (1) 

Schnittstelle Verletzung (1) 

Verbindungsstelle zweier EDV-Geräte (2) 

Werkstatt eines Bartscherers (0) 

Slot Steckerleiste im Computer (2) 

466

einarmiger Bandit (1) 

niederdeutsch für Kamin (0) 

467

468 ANHANG V. KARLSRUHER TEST 

Fortran starker Lebertran (0) 

Formal Trash Notation (0) 

Programmiersprache (2) 

Mainframe Frachtkahn auf dem Main (0) 

Damit wollte FRIDTJOF NANSEN zum Nordpol (0) 

großer Computer (2) 

PC Plumpsklo (Gravitationstoilette) (1) 

Personal Computer (2) 

Power Computing Language (0) 

Puffer Was zum Essen, aus Kartoffeln (1) 

Was am Eisenbahnwagen (1) 

Zwischenspeicher (2) 

Software Rohstoff für Softice (0) 

Programme, Daten und so Zeugs (2) 

was zum Trinken (0) 

Port was zum Trinken (1) 

Hafen (1) 

Steckdose für Peripheriegeräte (2) 

Strichcode maschinell lesbarer Code (2) 

Geheimsprache im Rotlichtviertel (0) 

Urliste in der Statistik (0) 

Chip was zum Essen (1) 

was zum Spielen (1) 

Halbleiterbaustein (2) 

Pointer Hund (1) 

starker Whisky (0) 

Zeiger auf Daten, Adresse (2) 

Page Hotelboy (1) 

englisch, Seite in einem Buch (1) 

Untergliederung eines Speichers (2)

Character was manchen Politikern fehlt (1) 

Schriftzeichen (2) 

Wasserfall (0) 

469


BetriebssystemKonzern (0) 

betriebsinternes Telefonsystem (0) 

wichtigstes Programm im Computer (2) 

Traktor Papiereinzugsvorrichtung (2) 

landwirtschaftliches Fahrzeug (1) 

Zahl beim Multiplizieren (0) 

Treiber Hilfsperson bei der Jagd (1) 

Programm zum Ansprechen der Peripherie (2) 

Vorarbeiter (0) 

Animator was zum Trinken (1) 

Unterhalter (1) 

Programm für bewegte Grafik (2) 

Hackbrett Musikinstrument (1) 

Werkzeug im Hackbau (0) 

Tastatur (2) 

emulieren nachahmen (2) 

Öl in Wasser verteilen (0) 

entpflichten (0) 

Font Menge von Schriftzeichen (2) 

Soßengrundlage (1) 

Hintergrund, Geldmenge (0) 

Server Brettsegler (0) 

Kellner (0) 

Computer für Dienstleistungen (2) 

Yabbawhap Datenkompressionsprogramm (2) 

Kriegsruf der Südstadt-Indianer (0) 

was zum Essen (0) 

Terminal Schnittstelle Mensch - Computer (2) 

Bahnhof oder Hafen (1) 

Zubehör zu Drahttauwerk (1)

Ampersand Sand aus der Amper (1) 

et-Zeichen, Kaufmanns-Und (2) 

Untiefe im Wattenmeer (0) 

471


Alias altgriechisches Epos (0) 

alttestamentarischer Prophet (0) 

Zweitname (2) 

Buscontroller Busfahrer (0) 

Busschaffner (0) 

Programm zur Steuerung eines Datenbusses (2) 

Algol was zum Trinken (0) 

Doppelstern (1) 

Programmiersprache (2) 

Rom Stadt in Italien (1) 

schwedisch für Rum (1) 

Read only memory (2) 

Dram Dynamic random access memory (2) 

dänisch für Schnaps (1) 

Straßenbahn (0) 

Diskette Mädchen, das oft in Discos geht (0) 

weiblicher Diskjockey (0) 

Massenspeicher (2) 

Directory oberste Etage einer Firma (0) 

Inhaltsverzeichnis (2) 

Kunststil zur Zeit der Franz. Revolution (0) 

Dekrement was die Verdauung übrig läßt (0) 

Anordnung von oben (0) 

Wert, um den ein Zähler verringert wird (2) 

Sprungbefehl Vorkommnis während Ihres Wehrdienstes (0) 

Kommando im Pferdesport (0) 

Anweisung in einem Programm (2) 

Oktalzahl Maß für die Klopffestigkeit (0) 

Zahl zur Basis 8 (2) 

Anzahl der Oktaven einer Orgel (0)

Subroutine Kleidungsstück eines Priesters (0) 

was im Unterbewußten (0) 

Unterprogramm (2) 

473


Spoiler Was zum Essen (0) 

Posting in den Netnews (2) 

Was am Auto (1) 

virtuell tugendhaft (0) 

die Augen betreffend (0) 

nicht wirklich vorhanden, scheinbar (2) 

Klammeraffe ASCII-Zeichen (2) 

Bürogerät (1) 

Affenart in Südamerika (0) 

ESC Eisenbahner-Spar- und Creditverein (0) 

Eishockeyclub (0) 

escape, Fluchtsymbol (2) 

Monitor Karlsruher Brauerei (0) 

Fernsehsendung (1) 

Bildschirmgerät, Überwachungsprogramm (2) 

Unix Tütensuppe (0) 

Freund von Asterix und Obelix (0) 

hervorragendes Betriebssystem (2) 

Joystick Computerzubehör (2) 

männlicher Körperteil (0) 

Hebel am Spielautomat (0) 

Maus kleines Säugetier (1) 

Computerzubehör (2) 

junge Dame (1) 

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Sinnbild (2) 

Kamerafabrik (0) 

Pascal französischer Mathematiker (1) 

Maßeinheit für Druck (1) 

Programmiersprache (2)

Wysiwyg englisch für Wolpertinger (0) 

französisch für Elmentritschen (0) 

what you see is what you get (2) 

475


Register was in Flensburg (1) 

was an der Orgel (1) 

Speicher (2) 

Record was im Sport (1) 

englisch für Blockflöte (0) 

Datensatz (2) 

HP High Price (0) 

Hewlett-Packard (2) 

Horse Power (1) 

Kermit Dichtungspaste (0) 

Frosch aus der Muppet-Show (1) 

Dateiübertragungs-Protokoll (2) 

Ethernet Baustoff (Asbestzement) (0) 

Local Area Network (2) 

Student der ETH Zürich (0) 

Algorithmus Übermäßiger Genuß geistiger Getränke (0) 

Krankheit (0) 

Rechenvorschrift (2) 

File Was zum Essen, vom Metzger (0) 

Menge von Daten (2) 

Durchtriebener Kerl (0) 

Bug Vorderteil eines Schiffes (1) 

Fehler im Programm (2) 

englisch für Wanze (1) 

Router jemand mit Routine (0) 

französischer LKW-Fahrer (0) 

Verbindungsglied zweier Netze (2) 

Zylinder Kopfbedeckung (1) 

Teil einer Kolbenmaschine (1) 

Unterteilung eines Plattenspeichers (2)

FTP kleine, aber liberale Partei (0) 

File Transfer Protocol (2) 

Floating Point Processor (0) 

477


Domäne Geist(0) 

Bereich (2) 

Blume (0) 

Bridge Kartenspiel (1) 

internationales Computernetz (0) 

Verbindung zweier Computernetze (2) 

Email Glasur (1) 

elektronische Post (2) 

Sultanspalast (0) 

Baum was im Wald (Wurzel unten) (1) 

was auf einem Schiff (keine Wurzel) (1) 

was aus der Informatik (Wurzel oben) (2) 

Internet Schule mit Schlafgelegenheit (0) 

Zwischenraum (0) 

Weltweites Computernetz (2) 

Split UNIX-Kommando (2) 

kantige Steinchen (0) 

Stadt in Dalmatien (1) 

Mini Damenoberbekleidung (1) 

kleiner Computer (2) 

Frau von Mickey Mouse (0) 

Cut Herrenoberbekleidung (1) 

Colonia Ulpia Traiana (1) 

UNIX-Kommando (2) 

2B|!2B Parallelprozessor (0) 

Assembler-Befehl (0) 

ein Wort Hamlets (2) 

Shell Filmschauspielerin (Maria S.) (0) 

Kommando-Interpreter (2) 

Mineralöl-Gesellschaft (1)

Slip Unterbekleidung (1) 

Schlupfschuh (0) 

Internet-Protokoll (2) 

479


Diäresis Durchfall (0) 

Diakritisches Zeichen (Umlaute) (2) 

Ernährungslehre (0) 

Space Bar Kneipe im Weltraum (www.spacebar.com) (0) 

Maßeinheit für den Druck im Weltraum (0) 

Größte Taste auf der Tastatur (2) 

Popper Popcorn-Röster (0) 

Mail-Programm (2) 

Philosoph aus Wien (1) 

Rohling Wüster Kerl (1) 

Noch zu beschreibende CD/DVD (2) 

Rohkost-Liebhaber (0) 

Schleife Kleidungsstück (1) 

Schlitterbahn (1) 

Kontrollanweisung eines Programmes (2) 

Alex Altlasten-Expertensystem (1) 

Automatic Login Executor (1) 

Globales Dateisystem (1) 

Altair Stern (Alpha Aquilae) (1) 

Gebirge in Zentralasien (0) 

früher Personal Computer (2) 

Halbbitter Was zum Essen (Schokolade) (1) 

Strom- und bitsparender Prozessor (0) 

Was zum Trinken (0) 

Eure Priorität Anrede des Priors in einem Kloster (0) 

Anrede des Ersten Sekretärs im Vatikan (0) 

Anrede des Systemverwalters (6) 

Zählen Sie Ihre Punkte zusammen. Die Auswertung ergibt Folgendes: 

• über 170 Punkte: Überlassen Sie das Rechnen künftig dem 

Computer.

481 

• 85 bis 170 Punkte: Mit etwas Fleiß wird aus Ihnen ein EDV- 

Experte. 

• 18 bis 84 Punkte: Machen Sie eine möglichst steile Karriere 

außerhalb der EDV und suchen Sie sich fähige Mitarbeiter. 

• unter 18 Punkten: Vielleicht hatten Sie schlechte Lehrer?

W GNU Lizenzen 

W.1 GNU General Public License 

Kopiert von http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. 

Version 2, June 1991 

Copyright © 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 

59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA 

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of 

this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 

PREAMBLE 

The licenses for most software are designed to take away your 

freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General 

Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share 

and change free software—to make sure the software is free for 

all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the 

Free Software Foundation’s software and to any other program 

whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software 

Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public 

License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too. 

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, 

not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure 

that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software 

(and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source 

code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software 

or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you 

can do these things. 

To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid 

anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender 

the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities 

for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify 

it. 

482

W.1. GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 483 

For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether 

gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights 

that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can 

get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they 

know their rights. 

We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, 

and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission 

to copy, distribute and/or modify the software. 

Also, for each author’s protection and ours, we want to make 

certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for 

this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and 

passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is 

not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will 

not reflect on the original authors’ reputations. 

Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software 

patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of 

a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect 

making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made 

it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone’s free use 

or not licensed at all. 

The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and 

modification follow. 

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 

TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, 

DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 

0. This License applies to any program or other work which 

contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it 

may be distributed under the terms of this General Public 

License. The “Program”, below, refers to any such program 

or work, and a “work based on the Program” means either 

the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: 

that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion 

of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated 

into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included 

without limitation in the term “modification”.) Each 

licensee is addressed as “you”. 

Activities other than copying, distribution and modification 

are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope.

484 ANHANG W. GNU LIZENZEN 

The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the 

output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute 

a work based on the Program (independent of having 

been made by running the Program). Whether that is 

true depends on what the Program does. 

1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program’s 

source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided 

that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on 

each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer 

of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this 

License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any 

other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along 

with the Program. 

You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a 

copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection 

in exchange for a fee. 

2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any 

portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, 

and copy and distribute such modifications or work under 

the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet 

all of these conditions: 

(a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent 

notices stating that you changed the files and the date 

of any change. 

(b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, 

that in whole or in part contains or is derived 

from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed 

as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the 

terms of this License. 

(c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively 

when run, you must cause it, when started 

running for such interactive use in the most ordinary 

way, to print or display an announcement including an 

appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is 

no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) 

and that users may redistribute the program under 

these conditions, and telling the user how to view a 

copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself


is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, 

your work based on the Program is not 

required to print an announcement.) 

These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. 

If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from 

the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent 

and separate works in themselves, then this License, 

and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute 

them as separate works. But when you distribute 

the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based 

on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be 

on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other 

licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and 

every part regardless of who wrote it. 

Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or 

contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, 

the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution 

of derivative or collective works based on the Program. 

In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based 

on the Program with the Program (or with a work based 

on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution 

medium does not bring the other work under the scope of 

this License. 

3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based 

on it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form 

under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that 

you also do one of the following: 

(a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding 

machine-readable source code, which must be distributed 

under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a 

medium customarily used for software interchange; or, 

(b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least 

three years, to give any third party, for a charge no 

more than your cost of physically performing source 

distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the 

corresponding source code, to be distributed under the 

terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily 

used for software interchange; or,


(c) Accompany it with the information you received as to 

the offer to distribute corresponding source code. (This 

alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution 

and only if you received the program in object 

code or executable form with such an offer, in accord 

with Subsection b above.) 

The source code for a work means the preferred form of 

the work for making modifications to it. For an executable 

work, complete source code means all the source code 

for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface 

definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation 

and installation of the executable. However, as a special 

exception, the source code distributed need not include anything 

that is normally distributed (in either source or binary 

form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and 

so on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, 

unless that component itself accompanies the executable. 

If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering 

access to copy from a designated place, then offering 

equivalent access to copy the source code from the same 

place counts as distribution of the source code, even though 

third parties are not compelled to copy the source along 

with the object code. 

4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program 

except as expressly provided under this License. Any 

attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute 

the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your 

rights under this License. However, parties who have received 

copies, or rights, from you under this License will 

not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties 

remain in full compliance. 

5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have 

not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission 

to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative 

works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept 

this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing 

the Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate 

your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its


terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying 

the Program or works based on it. 

6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based 

on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license 

from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify 

the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may 

not impose any further restrictions on the recipients’ exercise 

of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible 

for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License. 

7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of 

patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited 

to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether 

by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the 

conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the 

conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to 

satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License 

and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence 

you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a 

patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution 

of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or 

indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy 

both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from 

distribution of the Program. 

If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable 

under any particular circumstance, the balance of the 

section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is 

intended to apply in other circumstances. 

It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe 

any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity 

of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose 

of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution 

system, which is implemented by public license practices. 

Many people have made generous contributions to the wide 

range of software distributed through that system in reliance 

on consistent application of that system; it is up to the 

author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute 

software through any other system and a licensee cannot 

impose that choice.


This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is 

believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License. 

8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in 

certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, 

the original copyright holder who places the Program 

under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution 

limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution 

is permitted only in or among countries not thus 

excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation 

as if written in the body of this License. 

9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or 

new versions of the General Public License from time to 

time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present 

version, but may differ in detail to address new problems 

or concerns. 

Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If 

the Program specifies a version number of this License 

which applies to it and “any later version”, you have the 

option of following the terms and conditions either of that 

version or of any later version published by the Free Software 

Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version 

number of this License, you may choose any version ever 

published by the Free Software Foundation. 

10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other 

free programs whose distribution conditions are different, 

write to the author to ask for permission. For software 

which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write 

to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make 

exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two 

goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our 

free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of 

software generally. 

NO WARRANTY 

11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, 

THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EX- 

TENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN 

OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOL- 

DERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM


“AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EX- 

PRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 

THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND 

FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK 

AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM 

IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, 

YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, 

REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 

12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR 

AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, 

OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDIS- 

TRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE 

TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECI- 

AL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING 

OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM 

(INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DA- 

TA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED 

BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PRO- 

GRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN 

IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF 

THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. 

END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 

Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to 

Your New Programs 

If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 

possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is 

to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and 

change under these terms. 

To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is 

safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 

convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should 

have at least the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full 

notice is found. 


Copyright (C) 

This program is free software; you can redistribute it 

and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General 

Public License as published by the Free Software 

Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your 

option) any later version. 

This program is distributed in the hope that it will 

be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without 

even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY 

or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See 

the GNU General Public License for more details. 

You should have received a copy of the GNU General 

Public License along with this program; if not, write to 

the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - 

Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. 

Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and 

paper mail. 

If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice 

like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 

Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 

Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WAR- 

RANTY; for details type ‘show w’. 

This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute 

it under certain conditions; type ‘show c’ for 

details. 

The hypothetical commands show w and show c should 

show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of 

course, the commands you use may be called something other 

than show w and show c; they could even be mouse-clicks or 

menu items—whatever suits your program. 

You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) 

or your school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for 

the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: 

Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest 

in the program

W.2. GNU FREE DOCUMENTATION LICENSE 491 

‘Gnomovision’ (which makes passes at compilers) 

written by James Hacker. 

, 1 April 1989 

Ty Coon, President of Vice 

This General Public License does not permit incorporating 

your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a 

subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking 

proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you 

want to do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead 

of this License. 

W.2 GNU Free Documentation License 

Kopiert von http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. 

Version 1.2, November 2002 

Copyright ©2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 

59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA 

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of 

this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 

Preamble 

The purpose of this license is to make a manual, textbook, or 

other functional and useful document free in the sense of freedom: 

to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute 

it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or 

noncommercially. Secondarily, this license preserves for the author 

and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not 

being considered responsible for modifications made by others. 

This license is a kind of copyleft, which means that derivative 

works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. 

It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a 

copyleft license designed for free software. 

We have designed this license in order to use it for manuals 

for free software, because free software needs free documentation: 

a free program should come with manuals providing the


same freedoms that the software does. But this license is not limited 

to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, 

regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed 

book. We recommend this license principally for works whose 

purpose is instruction or reference. 

1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS 

This license applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, 

that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying 

it can be distributed under the terms of this license. Such 

a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in 

duration, to use that work under the conditions stated herein. 

The Document, below, refers to any such manual or work. Any 

member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as you. You 

accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a 

way requiring permission under copyright law. 

A Modified Version of the Document means any work containing 

the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, 

or with modifications and/or translated into another language. 

A Secondary Section is a named appendix or a front-matter 

section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship 

of the publishers or authors of the Document to the 

Document’s overall subject (or to related matters) and contains 

nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, 

if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary 

Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship 

could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with 

related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or 

political position regarding them. 

The Invariant Sections are certain Secondary Sections 

whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, 

in the notice that says that the Document is released under 

this license. If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary 

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X Zeittafel 

Die meisten Errungenschaften entwickelten sich über manchmal 

lange Zeitspannen, so dass vor einige Jahreszahlen um etwa 

zu setzen ist. Auch sind an der Entwicklung oft mehrere Personen 

in unterschiedlichem Maß beteiligt, was sich in der folgenden 

Übersicht nicht immer berücksichtigen lässt. 

-10E8 Der beliebte Tyrannosaurus hatte zwei Finger an jeder Hand 

und rechnete vermutlich im Dualsystem, wenn überhaupt. 

-2000 Die Babylonier verwenden für besondere Aufgaben ein 

gemischtes Stellenwertsystem zur Basis 60. 

Griechen und Perser arbeiten mit Rechenbrettern. 

-400 In China werden Zählstäbchen zum Rechnen verwendet. 

20 In der Bergpredigt wird das Binärsystem erwähnt (Matth. 5, 37). 

Die Römer schieben Rechensteinchen (calculi) auf dem Abakus herum 

600 Die Inder entwickeln das heute übliche reine Stellenwertsystem, 

die Null ist jedoch älter. Etwa gleichzeitig entwickeln die Mayas 

in Mittelamerika ein Stellenwertsystem zur Basis 20. 

1200 LEONARDO VON PISA, genannt FIBONACCI, setzt sich für die 

Einführung des indisch-arabischen Zahlensystems im Abendland ein 

1550 Die europäischen Rechenmeister verwenden sowohl die römische 

als auch die indisch-arabische Schreibweise. 

1617 JOHN NAPIER erfindet die Rechenknochen (Napier’s Bones). 

1623 Erste mechanische Rechenmaschine mit Zehnerübertragung 

und Multiplikation, von WILHELM SCHICKARD, Tübingen. 

1642 Rechenmaschine von BLAISE PASCAL, Paris für kaufmännische 

Rechnungen seines Vaters. 

1674 GOTTFRIED WILHELM LEIBNIZ baut eine mechanische 

Rechenmaschine für die vier Grundrechenarten und befasst sich 

mit der dualen Darstellung von Zahlen. In der Folgezeit 

technische Verbesserungen an vielen Stellen in Europa. 

1714 HENRY MILL erhält ein Patent auf eine Schreibmaschine. 

1778 Rechenmaschine des schwäbischen Pfarrers PHILIPP MATTHÄUS HAHN 

1801 JOSEPH MARIE JACQUARD erfindet die Lochkarte aus Holz und 

steuert Webstühle damit. 

1821 CHARLES BABBAGE stellt der Royal Astronomical Society 

502

503 

eine programmierbare mechanische Rechenmaschine vor, die 

jedoch keinen wirtschaftlichen Erfolg hat. Er denkt auch an 

das Spielen von Schach oder Tic-tac-toe auf Maschinen. 

1840 SAMUEL FINLEY BREEZE MORSE entwickelt einen aus zwei 

Zeichen plus Pausen bestehenden Telegrafencode, der die 

Buchstaben entsprechend ihrer Häufigkeit codiert. 

1847 GEORGE BOOLE entwickelt die symbolische Logik. 

1852 ADA LOVELACE stirbt, eine frühe Informatikerin 

1861 JOHANN PHILIPP REIS erfindet das Telephon. 

1873 ELIPHALET REMINGTON and Sons, NY, stellen außer Gewehren 

und Nähmaschinen auch Schreibmaschinen her. 1886 trennen si 

vom Schreibmaschinenbereich, der später den Namen Remingto 

und noch später den Namen Sperry Rand trägt. 

1876 ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL erhält ein Patent auf sein Telefon. 

1877 Gründung der Bell Telephone Company, heute AT&T. 

1890 HERMAN HOLLERITH erfindet die Lochkartenmaschine und 

setzt sie bei einer Volkszählung in den USA ein. Das ist der 

Anfang von IBM. 

1894 OTTO LUEGERs Lexikon der gesamten Technik führt 

unter dem Stichwort Elektrizität als Halbleiter Äther, 

Alkohol, Holz und Papier auf. 

1895 Erste Übertragungen mittels Radio (ALEXANDER POPOW, 

GUGLIELMO MARCONI). 

1896 Gründung der Tabulating Machine Company, der späteren IBM. 

1898 VALDEMAR POULSEN erfindet die magnetische Aufzeichnung 

von Tönen (Telegraphon). 

1900 01. Januar 1900 00:00:00 GMT Nullpunkt der gegenwärtigen 

NTP-Ära (eine NTP-Ära umfasst 136 Jahre). 

1910 Gründung der Deutschen Hollerith Maschinen GmbH, Berlin, 

der Vorläuferin der IBM Deutschland. 

1918 Das Enigma-Verschlüsselungsverfahren entwickelt. 

1924 Aus der Tabulating Machine Company von HERMAN HOLLERITH, 

später in Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company umbenann 

wird die International Business Machines (IBM). 

1930 EDWIN LINK baut – anstatt Pianos und Orgeln wie sein Vater – 

einen mechanischen Flugsimulator für Übungs- und Vergnügun 

und erhält ein Patent darauf. Der Link-Trainer erlangt Verbreit 

1932 Die Firma AEG baut das erste Tonbandgerät mit dem Namen 

Magnetophon. Die Bänder dazu liefert die BASF. 

1936 Erste Direktübertragung im deutschen Fernsehen anlässlich der

504 ANHANG X. ZEITTAFEL 

Olympischen Spiele in Berlin. 

1937 ALAN TURING veröffentlicht sein Computermodell. 

1938 KONRAD ZUSE stellt den programmgesteuerten Rechner Z 1 fertig. 

Ein späterer Nachbau schafft 1 Rechenoperation pro Sekunde. 

Elektronische binäre Addiermaschine von JOHN VINCENT ATANASO 

und CLIFFORD BERRY, Iowa State University, zur Lösung linearer 

Gleichungssysteme. 

1939 KONRAD ZUSE stellt die Z 2 fertig. 

Gründung der Firma Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, Kalifornien 

durch WILLIAM HEWLETT und DAVID PACKARD. Ihr erstes 

Produkt ist ein Oszillator für Tonfrequenzen (Messtechnik). 

1941 KONRAD ZUSE stellt die Z 3 fertig. 

1942 Die Purdue University beginnt mit der Halbleiterforschung und 

untersucht Germaniumkristalle. 

1943 Der Computer Colossus, Bletchley Park/Buckinghamshire UK, 

entschlüsselt deutsche Militärnachrichten (Enigma). 

IBM-Chef THOMAS WATSON schätzt den weltweiten Bedarf an 

Computern auf 5 (fünf) Stück. 

1944 Die Zuse Z 4 wird fertig (2200 Relais, mechanischer Speicher). 

Sie arbeitet von 1950 bis 1960 in der Schweiz. 

An der Harvard University bauen HOWARD AIKEN und GRACE HOP 

die Mark I in Relaistechnik. Die Maschine läuft bis 1959. 

1945 KONRAD ZUSE entwickelt den Plankalkül, die erste höhere 

Programmiersprache. 

WILLIAM BRADFORD SHOCKLEY startet ein Forschungsprojekt zur 

Halbleiterphysik in den Bell-Labs. 

VANNEVAR BUSH entwickelt ein System zur Informationsspeicherun 

und -suche, das auf Mikrofilmen beruht. 

1946 JOHN VON NEUMANN veröffentlicht sein Computerkonzept. 

JOHN PRESPER ECKERT und JOHN WILLIAM MAUCHLY bauen in 

den USA die ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and 

Computer). Die ENIAC rechnet dezimal, enthält 18000 Vakuumröhr 

wiegt 30 t, ist 5,5 m hoch und 24 m lang, braucht für eine Addition 

0,2 ms, ist an der Entwicklung der Wasserstoffbombe beteiligt und 

arbeitet bis 1955. Sie ist der Urahne der UNIVAC. 

1948 CLAUDE ELWOOD SHANNON begründet die Informationstheorie. 

JOHN BARDEEN, WALTER HOUSER BRATTAIN und 

WILLIAM BRADFORD SHOCKLEY entwickeln in den Bell-Labs 

den Transistor, der 10 Jahre später die Vakuumröhre ablöst. 

1949 Erster Schachcomputer: Manchester MADM. Das Wort Bit kreiert.

505 

1950 An der ETH Zürich geht die Zuse Z 4 in Betrieb. 

1952 IBM bringt ihre erste elektronische Datenverarbeitungsanlage, 

die IBM 701, heraus. 

1953 IBM baut die erste Magnetbandmaschine zur Datenspeicherung (72 

1954 Remington-Rand bringt die erste UNIVAC heraus, IBM die 650. 

Silizium beginnt Germanium zu verdrängen. 

1955 IBM entwickelt die erste höhere Programmiersprache, die 

Verbreitung erlangt: FORTRAN (Formula Translator) und verwe 

Transistoren in ihren Computern. 

1956 KONRAD ZUSE baut die Z 22, die mit Röhren arbeitet. 

Sie kommt 1958 auf den Markt. Bis 1961 werden 50 Stück verka 

BARDEEN, BRATTAIN und SHOCKLEY erhalten den Nobelpreis 

für Physik. 

IBM stellt die erste Festplatte vor (IBM 350 Disk File für den 

Computer RAMAC 305), Kapazität 5 MByte, groß wie ein Schran 

Gewicht 1 to, bestehend aus 50 Scheiben zu 24 Zoll, 50.000 US-$ 

1957 Die IBM 709 braucht für eine Multiplikation 0,12 ms. 

Weltweit arbeiten rund 1300 Computer. 

Seminar von Prof. JOHANNES WEISSINGER über Programmgesteuerte 

Rechenmaschinen im SS 1957 der TH Karlsruhe. 

KARL STEINBUCH (Firma SEL, später TH Karlsruhe) prägt den 

Begriff Informatik. 

Erster Satellit (Sputnik, Sowjetunion) kreist um die Erde. 

1958 Als eine Reaktion auf den Sputnik gründet das us-amerikanische 

Verteidigungsministerium (DoD) die Denkfabrik Advanced Rese 

Projects Agency (ARPA), die später das ARPANET aufbaut. 

MARVIN LEE MINSKY prägt den Begriff Artificial Intelligence. 

Die TH Karlsruhe erhält ihren ersten Computer, eine ZUSE Z 22 

finanziert vom Land Baden-Württemberg. 

Die Maschine verwendet 400 Vakuumröhren und wiegt 1 t. Der 

Arbeitsspeicher fasst 16 Wörter zu 38 Bits, d. h. 76 Byte. Der 

Massenspeicher, eine Magnettrommel, fasst rund 40 KByte. Ein 

Gleitkommaoperation dauert 70 ms. Das System versteht nur 

Maschinensprache (Freiburger Code) und läuft bis 1972. 

Im SS 1958 hält Priv.-Doz. KARL NICKEL (Institut für Angew. 

Mathematik) eine Vorlesung Programmieren mathematischer un 

technischer Probleme für die elektronische Rechenmaschine Z 22. 

Die Programmiersprache ALGOL 58 kommt heraus. 

Bei Texas Instruments baut JACK ST. CLAIR KILBY den ersten I 

im Jahr 2000 erhält er dafür den Nobelpreis für Physik.


1959 Im SS 1959 hält Priv.-Doz. KARL NICKEL erstmals die 

Vorlesung Programmieren I, im WS 1959/60 die Vorlesung 

Programmieren II. Erstes Werk von Hewlett-Packard in 

Deutschland. Siemens baut die Siemens 2002. 

1960 Programmieren steht noch in keinem Studienplan, sondern 

ist freiwillig. Die Karlsruher Z 22 arbeitet Tag und Nacht. 

Die Programmiersprache COBOL wird veröffentlicht. 

Ein Computerspiel namens Spacewar läuft auf einer 

Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) PDP-1 im MIT eingsetzt. 

ALAN SHUGART entwickelt ein Verfahren zur Aufzeichnung von 

Daten auf einer magnetisch beschichteten Scheibe. 

1961 Die TH Karlsruhe erhält im Zuge der Berufungsverhandlungen von 

Prof. Nickel eine Zuse Z 23, die mit 2400 Transistoren arbeitet. 

Ihr Hauptspeicher fasst 240 Wörter zu 40 Bits. 

Eine Gleitkommaoperation dauert 15 ms. Außer Maschinensprache 

versteht sie ALGOL. 

Weltweit arbeiten etwa 7300 Computer. 

1962 Die TH Karlsruhe erhält einen SEL ER 56, der bis 1968 läuft. 

An der Purdue University wird die erste Fakultät für Informatik 

(Department of Computer Science) gegründet. 

Texas Instruments und Fairchild nehmen die Serienproduktion von I 

(Chips) auf. 

JOSEPH CARL ROBNETT LICKLIDER (1912–1990) hat zwei Visionen: 

Computer und das galaktische Netz (wenn schon, denn schon). Er wi 

Direktor in der ARPA und geht an die Verwirklichung seiner Visione 

IVAN SUTHERLAND entwickelt ein Grafiksystem namens Sketchball. 

MORTON HEILIG meldet sein Sensorama zum Patent an, einen 

multimedialen Simulator mit Bild, Ton und Geruch. 

1963 Weltweit arbeiten etwa 16.500 Computer. 

Erster geostationärer Satellit (Syncom). 

IVAN E. SUTHERLAND entwickelt in seiner Doktorarbeit am MIT 

das Sketchpad, einen grafischen Bildschirm mit Lichtgriffel, und 

wird damit zum Vater der Computergrafik. 

Der ASCII-Standard wird verabschiedet. 

1964 JOHN KEMENY und THOMAS KURTZ veröffentlichen die Programmiersp 

PAUL BARAN entwickelt bei der RAND Corporation die Idee paketve 

DOUGLAS CARL ENGELBART erfindet am Stanford Research Institut 

die Maus und die Fenstertechnik und hat zukunbftsweisende Visione 

IBM legt das Byte zu 8 Bits fest (IBM 360). 

Ein Chip enthält auf 0,5 cm 2 10 Transistoren.

507 

1965 Beginn des Betriebssystems MULTICS bei MIT, Bell und 

General Electric. Aus dessen Misserfolg erwächst später UNIX. 

GORDON EARLE MOORE veröffentlicht das nach ihm benannte G 

THEODOR HOLM (TED) NELSON prägt den Begriff Hypertext. 

1966 Die TH Karlsruhe erhält eine Electrologica X 8, die bis 

1973 betrieben wird. Gründung des Karlsruher Rechenzentrums 

Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) PDP-9 auf dem Markt. 

Hewlett-Packard steigt in die Computerei ein (HP 2116 A). 

1967 Erster elektronischer Taschenrechner (Texas Instruments) entwicke 

Beim Bundesministerium für wissenschaftliche Forschung wird 

ein Fachbeirat für Datenverarbeitung gebildet. 

Die Sekunde wird von ihrer astronomischen Definition auf eine 

atomphysikalische umgestellt. 

IVAN E. SUTHERLAND entwickelt an der Harvard University ein 

Helm mit binokularem Display und bringt damit die Virtual Rea 

ein gutes Stück voran. 

NIKLAUS WIRTH beginnt an der ETH Zürich mit der Arbeit an P 

IBM stellt die ersten Disketten her, Durchmesser 8 Zoll, Kapazit 

1968 Am 26. Februar entscheiden sich maßgebende Vertreter der 

Computerwissenschaft im deutschsprachigen Raum im Anschlus 

ein internationales Kolloquium in Dresden für die Bezeichnung 

Informatik nach französischem Beispiel. 

Die Programmiersprache PASCAL kommt heraus. GORDON EAR 

ROBERT NORTON NOYCE gründen die Firma Integrated Electro 

gegründet. Hewlett-Packard baut den ersten wissenschaftlichen 

programmierbaren Tischrechner (HP 9100 A). 

1969 In Karlsruhe wird am 1. Januar das Institut für Informatik 

gegründet, Direktor KARL NICKEL. Im WS 1969/70 beginnt in 

Karlsruhe die Informatik als Vollstudium mit 91 Erstsemestern. 

Gründung der Gesellschaft für Informatik (GI) in Bonn. 

In den Bell Labs UNIX in Assembler auf einer DEC PDP 7 

(K. L. THOMPSON). 

Beginn des ARPANET-Projektes, erste Teilnehmer U. of Californ 

Los Angeles, Stanford Research Institute, U. of California at 

Santa Barbara und U. of Utah. Maßgeblich beteiligt sind STEVE 

DAVID H. CROCKER, JON POSTEL, VINTON CERF, ROBERT KAH 

RFC 0001: Host Software, von STEVE CROCKER, Mitarbeiter der 

1970 Die Universität Karlsruhe erhält eine UNIVAC 1108, 

die bis 1987 läuft und damit den hiesigen Rekord an Betriebsjah 

hält. Preis 23 MDM, 3 Zentraleinheiten, 256 Kilo-Wörter zu


je 36 Bits Arbeitsspeicher, 20 Bildschirme. 

Die Karlsruher Fakultät für Informatik wird gegründet. 

Am 01. Januar 1970 00:00:00 GMT beginnt die UNIX-Uhr zu laufen. 

1971 UNIX auf C umgeschrieben, erster Mikroprozessor (Intel 4004). 

ALAN SHUGART entwickelt bei IBM die Floppy Disk. 

Die Internet-Protokolle FTP (RFC 114) und Telnet (RFC 137) werden 

vorgeschlagen und diskutiert. 

Project Gutenberg von MICHAEL STERN HART an der U. of Illinois g 

1972 IBM entwickelt das Konzept des virtuellen Speichers und 

stellt die 8-Zoll-Floppy-Disk vor. Xerox (ROBERT METCALFE), 

DEC und Intel entwickeln den Ethernet-Standard. 

Das ARPANET wird der Öffentlichkeit vorgestellt. 

Ein Student namens STEPHAN G. WOZNIAK lötet sich einen 

Computer zusammen, der den Smoke-Test nicht übersteht. 

In der Bundesrepublik arbeiten rund 8.200 Computer. 

Erster wissenschaftlicher Taschenrechner (Hewlett-Packard 35). 

1973 Erste internationale Teilnehmer am ARPANET: NORSAR 

(Norwegian Seismic Array), Norwegen und U. College of London. 

ROBERT MELANCTON METCALFE veröffentlicht Gedanken, die 

1975 beim Xerox PARC zur Entwicklung von Ethernet führen. 

1974 Der erste programmierbare Taschenrechner kommt auf den 

Markt (Hewlett-Packard 65), Preis 2500 DM. 

1975 UNIX wird veröffentlicht (Version 6), Beginn der BSD-Entwicklung. 

Die Zeitschrift Byte wird gegründet. 

Erste, mäßig erfolgreiche Personal Computer (Xerox, Altair). 

Die Firma Microsoft Corporation von WILLIAM HENRY GATES III. 

und PAUL ALLEN gegründet. 

Das Xerox PARC meldet Ethernet zum Patent an. 

Die Computer-Tomografie dringt in die Medizin und andere Gebiete 

1976 STEVEN P. JOBS und STEPHAN G. WOZNIAK gründen 

die Firma Apple und bauen den Apple I. Er kostet 666,66 Dollar. 

ALAN SHUGART stellt die 5,25-Zoll-Diskette vor. 

Die nichtprozedurale Datenbanksprache SQL – entwickelt von 

EDGAR F. CODD bei IBM – wird veröffentlicht. 

WHITFIELD DIFFIE und MARTIN E. HELLMANN veröffentlichen 

die erste Arbeit über unsymmetrische Verschlüsselung. 

1977 ROBERT E. KAHN und VINTON GRAY CERF veröffentlichen 

das Konzept von TCP/IP, anfangs Kahn-Cerf-Protokolle (1974) genan 

1978 In der Bundesrepublik arbeiten rund 170.000 Computer. 

Der Commodore PET 2001 – ein Vorläufer des C64 – kommt heraus,

509 

4 bis 32 kbyte Arbeitsspeicher, Bildschirm 25 Zeilen zu 40 Zeiche 

Erste Tabellenkalkulation Visicalc, für den Apple II, 

von DAN BRICKLIN und BOB FRANKSTON, Harvard University. 

Erste Fassung von TEX (DONALD ERVIN KNUTH) veröffentlicht. 

Das Network Time Protocol (NTP) wird in Gebrauch genommen. 

1979 Faxdienst in Deutschland eingeführt. 

Beginn des Usenet in der Duke University und der University of 

North Carolina auf der Basis von uucp-Verbindungen (STEVE M 

Die Zusammenarbeit von Apple mit Rank Xerox führt zur Apple 

Lisa, ein Mißerfolg, aber der Wegbereiter für den Macintosh. 

Plattenherstellerfirma Seagate gegründet. 

Gründung der Satelliten-Kommunikations-Firma Inmarsat. 

BJARNE STROUSTRUP beginnt mit der Entwicklung von C++. 

Programmiersprache Ada veröffentlicht. 

Betriebssystem DOS für Intel 8086/8088 von Fa. Seattle Comput 

Products entwickelt, später von Microsoft erworben. 

1980 Erster Jugendprogrammier-Wettbewerb der GI. 

Erster Home-Computer: Sinclair ZX-80, für rund 500 DM. 

Sony führt die 3,5-Zoll-Diskette ein. In den Folgejahren entwicke 

andere Firmen auch Disketten mit Durchmessern von 3 bis 4 Zo 

Microsoft bringt Xenix, ein UNIX für PCs, heraus. 

1981 Die Universität Karlsruhe erhält eine Siemens 7881 als 

zentralen Rechner. 

IBM bringt in den USA den IBM-PC heraus mit PC-DOS 1.0 

(MS DOS) als wichtigstem Betriebssystem. 

In Berlin wird der Chaos Computer Club gegründet. 

Xanadu-Projekt von TED NELSON, ein Vorläufer des Web. 

1982 Die Firma Sun Microsystems wird gegründet, entscheidet sich für 

UNIX und baut die ersten Workstations. 

JIM CLARK gründet Silicon Graphics, Inc. (SGI) 

SCOTT E. FAHLMAN, damals Student an der CMU, veröffentlich 

Grinsling (Smiley, Emoticon) :-). 

Beginn des EuNETs, einer der ersten deutschen Internet-Provid 

an der Universität Dortmund. 

WILLIAM GIBSON prägt das Wort Cyberspace. 

MORTON HEILIG präsentiert einen Spielautomaten für Motorra 

und Auto-Simulationen mit Stereotonfilm, Gebläse, Gerüchen un 

vibrierenden Sitzen, echt multimedial, aber erfolglos, da zu teue 

1983 Die Universität Karlsruhe erhält einen Vektorrechner Cyber 205 

und eine Siemens 7865. Die Cyber leistet 400 Mio. Flops.


Beginn des Lokalen Informatiknetzes Karlsruhe (LINK), ab 1984 

Xlink, in der Fakultät für Informatik der Universität Karlsruhe. 

IBM bringt den PC auf den deutschen Markt. 

UNIX kommt als System V von AT&T in den Handel, 

die erste Ausgabe der Zeitschrift Computertechnik (c’t) erscheint 

(Nr. 12/83 vom Oktober 1983). 

Gründung der X/Open-Gruppe. 

MS-DOS 2.0 (PC-DOS 2.0) und Novell Netware kommen heraus. 

Microsoft Windows wird angekündigt. 

Das ARPAnet wechselt von NCP auf TCP/IP. 

PAUL V. MOCKAPETRIS veröffentlicht in RFC 882 und 883 das Konz 

1984 Der erste Apple Macintosh (128K) und der Hewlett-Packard Thinkjet, 

der erste Tintenstrahldrucker, kommen auf den Markt. 

GNU-Projekt von RICHARD MATTHEW STALLMAN gegründet. 

Der IBM PC/AT mit Prozessor Intel 80 286 und MS-DOS 3.0 

kommen heraus. 

Siemens steigt in UNIX (Sinix) ein. 

Die Universität Karlsruhe wird Email-Relay für Deutschland 

zum Computer Science Net (CSNet) in den USA. Als erste Mail 

erhält Prof. ZORN, U. Karlsruhe, einen Gruß vom CSNet. 

Entwicklung des X Window Systems am MIT. 

1985 MS-Windows 1.0, IBM 3090 und IBM Token Ring Netz. 

XLink an der Universität Karlsruhe stellt als erstes deutsches 

Netz eine Verbindung zum nordamerikanischen ARPANET her. 

Hewlett-Packard bringt den ersten Laserjet-Drucker heraus. 

1986 Weltweit etwa eine halbe Million UNIX-Systeme und 

3000 öffentliche Datenbanken. 

In den USA nimmt das zivile NFSNET die Arbeit auf. 

Mit dem Computer-Investitionsprogramm des Bundes und der 

Länder (CIP) kommen mehrere HP 9000/550 unter UNIX an 

die Universität Karlsruhe. 

1987 Microsoft XENIX (ein UNIX) für den IBM PC/AT 

IBM bringt die PS/2-Reihe unter MS-OS/2 heraus. 

Weltweit mehr als 5 Millionen Apple Computer und etwa 

100 Millionen PCs nach Vorbild von IBM. 

Das MIT veröffentlicht das X Window System Version 11 (X11). 

In Berkeley wird die RAID-Technologie entwickelt. 

Beginn des baden-württembergischen Landeshochschulnetzes BelWu 

1988 JARKKO OIKARINEN, Finnland, entwickelt den IRC. 

Das Karlsruher Campusnetz KARLA wird durch das Glasfasernetz

511 

KLICK ersetzt. VBN-Strecke Karlsruhe - Stuttgart im BelWue-N 

Frankreich geht ans Internet (INRIA, Rocquencourt bei Paris). 

Gründung der Open Software Foundation (OSF) und der UNIX 

International Inc. MS-DOS 4.0 für PCs. 

Ein Internet-Wurm namens Morris geht auf die Reise, darauf 

hin Gründung des Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERT 

Erster Hoax (2400-baud-Modem-Hoax) im Internet, siehe CIAC. 

Erstes landmobiles Satellitensystem für Datenfunk (Inmarsat-C 

1989 Das NFSNET löst das ARPANET als Backbone des Internet ab. 

UNIX System V Release 4 vereinheitlicht System V, BSD und Xe 

Im Rechenzentrum Karlsruhe löst die IBM 3090 die 

Siemens 7881 ab. ISDN in Deutschland eingeführt. 

Erster deutscher Internet-Direktanschluss via Xlink, Karlsruhe. 

1990 Zunehmende Vernetzung, Anschluss an weltweite Netze. 

Die Internet Society (ISOC) schätzt das Internet auf 500.000 Kn 

Das ARPAnet stellt seinen Betrieb ein. 

Computer-Kommunikation mittels E-Mail, Btx und Fax vom 

Arbeitsplatz aus. Optische Speichermedien (CD-ROM, WORM). 

Das Web (URL, HTTP, HTML) von TIMOTHY BERNERS-LEE und 

ROBERT CAILLIAU am CERN in Genf entwickelt. 

UNIX System V Version 4. 

Die Hardware eines selbstmontierten PCs mit 386/20 kostet 10.0 

Die mittlere Computerdichte in technisch orientierten Instituten 

Familien erreicht 1 pro Mitglied. 

1991 Das UNIX-System OSF/1 mit dem Mach-Kernel der Carnegie- 

Mellon-Universität kommt heraus. 

17. Sep.: Anfang von LINUX (LINUS BENEDICT TORVALDS). 

Erster Web-Server in den USA: Stanford Linear Accelerator Cen 

MS-DOS 5.0 für PCs. Anfänge von Microsoft Windows NT. 

Das DE-NIC an der Universität Dortmund gegründet. 

IBM, Apple und Motorola kooperieren mit dem Ziel, einen 

Power PC zu entwickeln. 

1992 Am Neujahrstag stirbt GRACE MURRAY HOPPER, Konteradmiral de 

US Navy, wesentlich an der Entwicklung von COBOL beteiligt u 

Entdeckerin des ersten Bugs, einer Motte im Mark II der Harva 

Die Universität Karlsruhe nimmt den massiv parallelen 

Computer MasPar 1216A mit 16000 Prozessoren in Betrieb. 

Novell übernimmt von AT&T die UNIX-Aktivitäten (USL). 

FORTRAN 90 verabschiedet. 

Eine Million Knoten im Internet. Weltweit etwa 50 Web-Server.


Erster deutscher Web-Server, am DESY in Hamburg. 

1993 MS-DOS Version 6.0. Microsoft kündigt Windows-NT an. 

DEC stellt PC mit Alpha-Prozessor vor, 150 MHz, 14.000 DM. 

Novell tritt das Warenzeichen UNIX an die X/Open-Gruppe ab. 

MARC ANDREESSEN, NCSA, schreibt einen Web-Browser für das 

X Window System mit der Möglichkeit, farbige Grafiken darzustellen 

PATRICK VOLKERDING stellt die Linux-Distribution Slackware 

zusammen, die erste Distribution von einiger Verbreitung. 

IAN MURDOCK, Student an der Purdue University, stellt am 16. Aug 

das Debian-Projekt vor. Gegen Jahresende Debian GNU/Linux Versi 

Das Xlink-Projekt wird aus der Universität Karlsruhe ausgegliedert 

Das CERN gibt die WWW-Technologie allgemein frei. 

Weltweit etwa 250 Web-Server. 

Das DE-NIC zieht ans Rechenzentrum der Universität Karlsruhe. 

1994 Linux 1.0 veröffentlicht. 

MATTHIAS ETTRICH startet das KDE-Projekt. 

Das Internet umfasst etwa 4 Mio. Knoten und 20 Mio. Benutzer. 

Erste Spam-Mail (Canter + Siegel). Erste Banner-Werbung (Wired). 

MARC ANDREESSEN und JIM CLARK gründen die Firma Netscape. 

1995 Kommerzielle Netze lösen in den USA das NFSNET als Backbone ab. 

Die X/Open-Gruppe führt die Bezeichnung UNIX 95 für Systeme 

ein, die der Single UNIX Specification genügen. 

Die Universität Karlsruhe ermöglicht in Zusammenarbeit 

mit dem Oberschulamt nordbadischen Schulen den Zugang zum 

Internet. Ähnliche Projekte werden auch an einigen anderen 

Hoch- und Fachhochschulen durchgeführt. 

Die Programmiersprache JAVA wird von Sun veröffentlicht. 

Online-Auktionshaus Ebay als Sammlerbörse in den USA gegründet 

Der Webserver Apache Release 1.0 veröffentlicht. 

Weltweit etwa 50000 Web-Server. 

1996 Die Massen und Medien entdecken das Internet. 

Debian GNU/Linux Version 1.1 (buzz) wird veröffentlicht, zum 

Jahresende folgt Version 1.2 (rex). 

FORTRAN 95, eine revidierte Fassung von FORTRAN 90, fertig. 

Intel bringt den Universal Serial Bus (USB) auf den Markt. 

Die Open Software Foundation (OSF) und X/Open schließen sich zur 

Open Group zusammen. 

1997 Fast Ethernet ist erschwinglich geworden, über das Gigabit-Ethernet 

wird geredet. In Deutschland gibt es rund 20 Mio. PCs und 

1 Mio. Internetanschlüsse (Quelle: Fachverband Informationstechnik

513 

Debian GNU/Linux Version 1.3 (bo) freigegeben, rund 1000 Pake 

Single UNIX Specification Version 2 im Web veröffentlicht. 

HTML 4.0 vom W3C freigegeben. 

Die Xlink Internet Service Gmbh wird eine hundertprozentige T 

des niederländisch-amerikanischen Telekommunikationskonzern 

der 2002 insolvent und aufgelöst wird. 

Der Buchversender Amazon meldet ein Patent an dergestalt, da 

mit einem Mausklick im Internet eine Ware bestellt. 

1998 Compaq übernimmt die Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). 

IBM bringt DOS 2000 heraus, Microsoft kündigt Windows 2000 

Die Suchmaschine Google Inc. gegründet. 

Debian GNU/Linux Version 2.0 (hamm) freigegeben, 1500 Paket 

KDE 1.0 veröffentlicht. 9-GB-Festplatten kosten 500 DM. 

Gigabit-Ethernet-Standard IEEE 802.3z verabschiedet. 

Gründung der Bluetooth Special Interest Group durch Ericsson, 

Intel, IBM, Nokia und Toshiba. 

JONATHAN B. POSTEL, einer der Apostel des Internet und Autor 

vieler RFCs, gestorben. Siehe RFC 2441: Working with Jon und 

RFC 2468: I Remember IANA. 

1999 Das Y2K-Problem – die Jahrtausendwende – beschäftigt die Gemüte 

weil die Programmierer früherer Jahrzehnte mit den Bits knaus 

Der RFC 2550 löst auch gleich das Y10K-Problem. 

Debian GNU/Linux Version 2.1 (slink) kommt heraus. 

Betreiber großer Suchmaschinen schätzen die Anzahl der 

Web-Seiten weltweit auf 1 Milliarde. 

LINUS B. TORVALDS wird Ehrendoktor der Universität Stockho 

2000 Das Y2K-Problem hat sich praktisch nicht ausgewirkt. 

Den 29. Februar 2000 haben wir auch gut überstanden, einen Sc 

nach einer Regel, die nur alle 400 Jahre angewendet wird. 

Debian GNU/Linux Version 2.2 (potato) kommt heraus, 6500 Pak 

Microsoft Windows 2000 ist erhältlich. Ein Macro-Virus namens 

Love Letter sorgt für Aufregung – außerhalb der Linux/UNIX-We 

Der Intel Pentium kommt bei einer Taktfrequenz von 1,5 GHz an 

Zum Jahresende 2 Mio. Internet-Hosts in Deutschland (Quelle: R 

2001 CLAUDE ELWOOD SHANNON gestorben, gilt als Erfinder des Bits 

und Begründer der Informationstheorie. 

JIMMY DONAL WALES und LAWRENCE MARK SANGER starten 

in den USA die Wikipedia, eine internationale Online-Enzyklopä 

der Grundlage eines Wikis. 

Die SCO (Santa Cruz Operation) verkauft ihre UNIX-Rechte an


die sich daraufhin The SCO Group nennt und durch einige Prozesse 

2002 Die Einführung der Euro-Währung führt zu einem neuen Zeichen 

in internationalen Zeichensätzen. 

Im Herbst befällt der Wurm Slapper zahlreiche Webserver unter Lin 

Debian GNU/Linux Version 3.0 (woody) wird als stabil freigegeben. 

Die Distribution umfasst 8700 Pakete. 

2004 PCs werden zunehmend ohne Floppy-Laufwerk ausgeliefert. 

Ubuntu Linux, ein Debian-Derivat, erscheint erstmals. 

Politische Überlegungen, die Patentierung von Software zuzulassen, 

bedrohen die Open Source Welt. 

2005 Anfang Juni wird Debian GNU/Linux Version 3.1 (sarge) nach reiflicher 

Überlegung als stabil freigegeben und löst 3.0r6 (woody) ab; 

die Distribution umfasst rund 15.000 Pakete. Woody wird damit 

zur Old-stable-Version, etch rückt zur Testing-Version auf. 

In Frankfurt (M) findet die Wikimania 2005 statt, die erste internati 

Wikimedia-Konferenz. 

Die deutsche Wikipedia nähert sich der Marke von 300.000 Einträge 

Internet-Telefonie (Voice over IP) ist stark im Kommen. 

Prof. KARL STEINBUCH gestorben. 

Ende des Jahres kommt X11R7 heraus. 

Der weltweit leistungsfähigste Rechner – ein IBM Blue Gene – läuft 

unter einem Linux (Quelle: http://www.top500.org/). 

2006 Die englische Wikipedia überschreitet die Marke von 1,5 Mio. Einträgen 

die deutsche 500.000, die französische 400.000, die japanische und 

die polnische 300.000, die schwedische, italienische, niederländische 

und portugiesische 200.000. 

Laut http://www.netcraft.com/ sind die am häufigsten 

besuchten Websites Google, Yahoo, Microsoft, BBC, CNN, Ebay, 

Fox News, Amazon und Wikipedia. 

Das Deutsche Forschungsnetz nimmt das X-Win in Betrieb, eine 

Netzinfrastruktur mit Anschlüssen bis zu 10 Gigabit/s und 

43 Kernstandorten. 

Mitte des Jahres gibt es 10 Mio. Einträge unter der Top Level Domai 

.de, sie ist damit weltweit nach .com die zweitumfangreichste. 

2007 Debian stellt den Sicherheitssupport für woody ein und 

erklärt zu Ostern die Version 4.0 (etch) mit Kern 2.6.18 

als stabil. 

Apple Inc. erwirbt CUPS von Easy Software Products. 

Im Sommer überschreitet die deutschsprachige Wikipedia die Marke 

600.000 Einträgen, der RFC 5001 wird veröffentlicht.

515 

Die FSF veröffentlicht die Version 3 der GNU GPL und der GNU 

The SCO Group (siehe 2001) beantragt Insolvenz nach Chapter 

Nach der Statistik von www.top500.org vom November setzen 42 

schnellsten Rechner weltweit ein Linux-Betriebssystem ein. Bei 

Herstellern führt IBM vor Hewlett-Packard und Dell, bei den Lä 

die USA vor dem UK und Deutschland. 

2008 Im Januar überschreitet die deutschsprachige Wikipedia die Marke 

700.000 Einträgen und ist nach der englischen die zweitgrößte. 

AOL stellt Entwicklung und Vertrieb des Web-Browsers Netscap 

Im Februar weiht das Forschungszentrum Jülich einen Supercom 

IBM Blue Gene ein, der der schnellste zivil genutzte Rechner de 

Die Kiste ist nicht nur schnell, sondern geht auch sparsam mit d

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